Construction Of Memory Research Articles

THE HISTORIOGRAPHICAL DISCOURSE OF JUGUN IANFU (Critical Historical Analysis of Historical Biography Momoye Mereka Memanggilku By Eka Hindra and Koichi Kimura)

Momoye, They Call Me is a historical biography of Jugun Ianfu whose entire contents include Mardiyem's acknowledgment as the main character in this book. In 1942-1945 when Japan took over Indonesia from Dutch rule, the Japanese military had forcibly recruited a number of Indonesian women to serve as biological needs for the Japanese military and civilians. This research is intended to explore the dark history of Jugun Ianfu according to Mardiyem's memory construction. Through critical historical tracing, the historical facts of Jugun Ianfu are interpreted in the hope that the Indonesian people, especially the younger generation, can learn about the dark history that befell Indonesian women as a result of the savagery of the Japanese occupation in Indonesia. This textual research can also be interpreted explicitly as a form of criticism of Indonesian historiography which has always marginalized women and silenced historical memories that should be studied by the younger generation of Indonesia. Theoretically, the concept of hermeneutics is very significant in interpreting the meaning of the history of human experience because this concept believes that empirical data shows patterns that give special meaning to human experience. Hermeneutically, Mardiyem's statement in her biography is the most likely textual strategy to provide a different perspective on the dark side of history faced by women during the Japanese occupation in Indonesia.

Relationship Between Pre-Operative Clinical Characteristics With Changes In Post-Operative Memory Scores On Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patient

Background: Most temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) will become seizure-free after anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) surgery but often result in cognitive decline, specifically in verbal or visual memory. Objective: This study examined the relationship between several demographic characteristics and pre-operative clinical conditions with changes in pre-post surgical memory of TLE patients. Methods: This study used a retrospective cohort in which the subjects were TLE patients who had undergone ATL surgery at Kariadi Hospital or Telogorejo Hospital, Semarang. Demographic variables include the age of onset, duration of illness, level of education, and clinical variables include seizure frequency, EEG waveform, number of AED, lesion site, and IQ score. Results: Memory re-examination was conducted on TLE patients who had undergone surgery between 2018 and 2021, with 55 subjects who fulfilled the criteria. Characteristics of the subjects were male 31(56%) males, 38% Senior High School education, the mean age of onset was 13,87±6,899, age at surgery was 27,67±9,802, 21 (39%) normal pres-surgical EEG waveform, 31 (56%) lesion on the left and the most frequent seizures occurred in 36 subjects (65%). Statistical test results showed a significant relationship between age of onset and changes in verbal memory recognition scores (p 0.044), lesion side with changes in verbal memory task scores (p 0.018), recall (p 0.005), recognition (0.008), and IQ scores with changes in visual memory construction recall (p 0.041) Conclusion: Age of onset, lesion side, and IQ score characteristics were related to the changes in memory scores between pre- and post-operative anterior temporal lobectomy in TLE patients.

Cyber Anthropology and the Construction of Online Identities and Memories: A Theoretical Framework

Cyber Anthropology and the Construction of Online Identities and Memories: A Theoretical Framework

Architectural archives, a resource for knowledge and collective memory

It is difficult to fix coordinates to define architectural archives, related as they are to a discipline that has many declensions and often overlaps with others. Characterized by a multiplicity of types of documentation, from the point of view of production and organization they vary greatly in the range defined by the two poles of personal and corporate archives. Subjected to a strong evolutionary process, marked by the increasingly exclusive presence of digital technology, they constitute a field of continuous learning for archivists and researchers, with the aim of fully exploiting their information potential. Historical research, however, is only one of the fields in which architectural archives can play a primary role. Focusing on the human environment, built and natural, they are vital in the construction and development of collective memory, as much as in the management and protection of the works that make up the common heritage of citizens.

Les dynamiques mémorielles de la Shoah : l’exemple de deux champions, Alfred Nakache et Young Perez

This work examines the way in which two French Jewish sportsmen, Alfred Nakache and Young Perez, made a place for themselves in the French collective memory between the end of the Second World War and the most contemporary period. Based on a variety of sources, including a study of the press, oral testimonies, and private and institutional archives, the study reviews the different phases of memory that have followed one another since 1945. Thanks to this material, the process of memory inversion is brought to light and the spaces in which memory constructions take place are objectified. If during the twenty years following the end of the Second World War, the destinies of the two men remain blurred for various reasons, a dynamic emerges at the dawn of the 1980s when the duty to remember is distilled to the heart of the sporting sphere. Entering the collective memory at the beginning of the XXIst century, their destiny is summoned to serve educational actions while interesting the scholarly and cultural spheres, not without provoking some memorial controversies.

The construction of family memory through activist engagement: The case of relatives of the disappeared in Spain

Since the early 2000s, Spain has been shaken by mobilizations of “victims of Francoism,” promoting the memory of past violence. In this article, instead of apprehending such mobilizations as a sudden public display of private accounts, as is often stated, I contend that the “memory of Franco’s repression” is rather produced and constructed by the dynamics of mobilization. In order to demonstrate this, I analyze the process that led Spanish citizens to engage in defending the memory of the victims of Francoism, with a particular focus on the commitment of the relatives of the “disappeared.” While one might assume that these actors were the bearers of pre-existing family memory, they were content to disseminate in the public space on the occasion of their commitment; I argue quite the contrary: it is the experiences lived during the specific time of mobilization (social interactions, expert socializations, memorial activities) that have forged their status as relatives of the disappeared while profoundly reconfiguring their family memory.

Homonationalism, LGBT desaparecidos, and the politics of queer memory in Argentina

Although homonationalism is a fundamental category in queer studies, it has never been used to understand the history of the Argentine lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender movement and the emergence of a hegemonic queer memory based on the self-representation of Argentina as a “European-like” and “white” nation that often claims to be different from “the rest” of Latin America. This article examines the history of the Argentine construction of whiteness to understand hegemonic queer memory today and analyze why the 1976–1983 dictatorship has been hyper-memorialized, while state violence against queer people in democratic times is downplayed. We also refer to homonationalism to understand the success of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender rights revolution and present a discussion of the relationship between lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender politics and the construction of queer memory. As homonationalism shaped the formation of a hegemonic queer memory in the twenty-first century, alternative memories of police harassment of travestis and homosexual men after and before the dictatorship have been hidden in plain sight through reframing, displacement, temporal transpositions, and other forms of scripting.

How Do Technological Systems Define Who War Victims Are?

AbstractIn a range of peace process scenarios, the expert’s knowledge has become a fundamental tool for generating information systems as a mechanism for the storage and circulation of data. These information artifacts are supposed to faithfully document situations of human rights violations and contribute to the design of public policy and the construction of collective memory. Following Latour’s (1993) original coinage of the term coproduction, this paper analyzes how the Inter-Institutional System of Information for Justice and Peace (SIIJYP)1 was designed to define victims of war and means of reparation from the State in Colombia. From an actor network theory perspective, we explain how victimizers become the main beneficiaries of the application of the SIIJYP. To comprehend this unintended social impact of the technological artifact and how it becomes an artifact that functions as an aseptic mediator of the historical-judicial truth, and the policy of transitional justice, we examine the relations between human and nonhuman actors, how information is collected, organized, hierarchized, and negotiated, as well as the consequences of the technical and legal construction of the notion of victims of war.

Transnational Railway Cultures: Trains in Music, Literature, Film, and Visual Art ed. by Benjamin Fraser and Steven Spalding

Reviewed by: Transnational Railway Cultures: Trains in Music, Literature, Film, and Visual Art ed. by Benjamin Fraser and Steven Spalding Hugo Silveira Pereira (bio) Transnational Railway Cultures: Trains in Music, Literature, Film, and Visual Art Edited by Benjamin Fraser and Steven Spalding. New York: Berghahn Books, 2022. Pp. viii + 244. Transnational Railway Cultures analyzes representations of railways and the experience of traveling by train across borders (in both the strict and broad sense of the term) in several arts (literature, cinema, music, painting), timeframes, and geographies, spanning five continents. It encompasses different topics associated with railway traveling, such as progress/backwardness, the persistence of colonial depictions, and the construction of memories, among others. Railways are one of the most debated technologies in the community of historians of technology. Therefore, it is not easy to come up with something new. Transnational Railway Cultures offers a fresh approach to the subject by exploring how railway travel is represented in different movies, books, or artistic productions from a transnational perspective. I welcomed both the return to the classics, namely Leo Marx's Machine in the Garden and Wolfgang Schivelbusch's The Railway Journey, and the engagement with more recent studies (especially those on mobility studies). Often, the use of classical works tends to be looked down upon as dated literature, but I believe that books such as those by Marx and Schivelbusch are still useful for historians today. The chapters fit well together, although there is no clear train of thought between them, which makes drawing comparisons difficult. This justifies the want of an overarching thesis that glues the chapters together. The editors clarify in the final remarks that the book was never meant to be comprehensive and that its gaps should be regarded as opportunities for further studies, but I believe that an attempt at finding common ground, even if at the cost of some speculation, would be useful for readers and for future iterations. [End Page 271] My main concern about the book is that readers may not always see the "border crossing" promised by the transnational approach. On some occasions, this is due to the texts being too hermetic (ch. 4) or too descriptive and heavily reliant on quotations from the work that was analyzed (ch. 7). In other instances, the transnationalism seems forced and supported by speculative reflections or personal opinions. For example, it is claimed that music or poetry replicate the sound of trains, thus evoking the travels of commuters to work or Jews toward concentration camps (chs. 1 and 2). In chapter 4, "gothic" is used to describe conflict between races (nationalities, at best). Other assertions are made that capitalism will violently undo itself (ch. 3) or that today's traveling is pedantic tourism (ch. 8). This becomes more visible when the authors do not engage with the theoretical framework of those fields (e.g., cartoons in chapter 5 or travel writing in chapter 8). I was left wondering how much one can draw from a movie or a poem, or if any conclusion could be considered valid. On a similar note, in some chapters I wondered whether the main conclusions would be drastically different had the authors chosen a different piece of literature, cinema, or art. Regardless, the edited volume will be of interest to historians of technology as it engages with concepts usually analyzed by the discipline. The notion of techno-scientific progress (and its persistence) is the most visible (with trains assuming the role of icon of modernity, contrasting with the backwardness embodied in characters and landscapes surrounding them). But the notion of borders (chs. 6 and 9), postcolonial policies and stereotypes (chs. 5 and 8), critical infrastructure (ch. 3), and deconstruction of geographical dimensions (ch. 5) are also addressed. Chapter 2 clearly resonates with Kranzberg's First Law, reflecting on how railways are not good nor bad nor neutral. While perusing the volume (especially chs. 2, 3, 8, and 10), I frequently thought of Matthias Middell and Katja Naumann's "portals of globalisation"—those sites that are centers of international trade and communications and promote cultural transfer and the development of global connectedness. I think that this concept may foster a productive dialogue...

Murder among the Mormons

Murder among the Mormons

Exploring the Nexus of Memory, Power, and Identity in Lois Lowry’s The Giver and Yoko Ogawa’s The Memory Police

The study of memory, power, and identity explores how power dynamics within societies shape the construction and preservation of collective and individual memories, ultimately influencing the formation and evolution of identities. Accordingly, this research delves into the intricate relationship between memory, identity, and power by analysing two dystopian novels, Lois Lowry’s The Giver and Yoko Ogawa’s The Memory Police. In both the narratives, the theme of memory and its profound influence is apparent. Lowry drew inspiration from her father’s memory loss, prompting her exploration of a world where painful memories are intentionally eliminated. Ogawa pays homage to Anne Frank’s The Diary of a Young Girl and explores contemporary anxieties surrounding surveillance, media manipulation, and authoritarianism. This study seeks to examine how the manipulation of memory by authoritarian regimes impacts the sense of self and collective identity in both the texts. Drawing from the methods of memory studies and literary analysis, the paper explores how the characters in these novels navigate a world where memories are controlled, suppressed, or erased, leading to a disruption in the formation of individual and group identities. Through a comparative analysis of the two works, the paper uncovers the ways in which the manipulation of memory serves as a tool for maintaining dominance and shaping collective consciousness, ultimately distorting individual and communal identities. This study ultimately reveals how language and writing can also be used to resist the dominance of authoritarian regimes over the perceptions of the past, present, and future of individuals and communities.

Review of the Monograph "Peter the Great in Media Memory" by D. S. Artamonov and S. V. Tikhonova

The subject of the review is the monograph by D. S. Artamonov and S. V. Tikhonova "Peter I in the Media Memory". The co-authors of the monograph proceed from the hypothesis that in the XXI century the key role in the construction of historical memory begins to play the media. D. S. Artamonov and S. V. Tikhonova substantiate this hypothesis by examining the image of Peter I, created by the modern media environment. The first chapter of the monograph analyzes the transformation of historical and collective memory under the influence of various media and digitalization. The second chapter explores the specificity of Peter I image in the media memory. The third chapter is devoted to the study of the role of the image of Peter I in the politics of memory and memorial warriors. Among the undoubted merits of the monograph is the well chosen theoretical toolkit, which allows us to study the transformation processes, typical for the modern collective memory, on the example of Peter I image.

«ТОТ, КОМУ НЕВЕДОМО ПРОШЛОЕ, ОБЕДНЯЕТ СВОЕ НАСТОЯЩЕЕ»: МЕМОРИАЛИЗАЦИЯ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИХ СОБЫТИЙ, ПАМЯТНИКИ И КОММЕМОРАЦИИ В ПРАКТИКЕ ССО «ПАМЯТЬ» В 1970-1990-Е ГОДЫ

The article describes the principles, forms, methods, approaches, participants and the character of activity of student construction brigade of volunteer labor Pamjat in the sphere of their studies of historical memory and its memoralization. The main stages of their activity in the context of governmental policy in the years 1970-1990 were revealed and described, as well as the memorials built by the members of the construction brigade. The article also analyzes the principles of construction of cultural memory about military and revolutionary historical events and their participants, the peculiarities of formation of «memory sites» in the cultural landscape of Altai krai. Using the example of activity of a single construction brigade the author gives an assessment of practices of Soviet youth construction brigades in the establishing of communication between generations and specifes the peculiarities of Soviet commemorating practices.

«Женская генеалогия» и «память» в прозе Н. Абгарян: к вопросу о гендерной нарратологии

Аddresses and analyzes the work of the modern writer N. Abgaryan in terms of the gender-specific features of the artistic representation of the issue of memory, for instance, the actualization of the category of femininity and its aesthetic potential in the texts of the author. The undertaken analysis of narrative mechanisms, plot-compositional and pictorial features of three major works revealed the dominant role of the representation of the female genealogical connection not only in the production of the artistic construct of memory, but also in the formation of the artistic concept of the author's works. The study shows how the emphasis on building a female pedigree, a related transgenerational connection at different levels of the text determines the narrative structure of the narrative act, which in the context of studies of the relationship between the categories of memory, narrative and gender / gender allows us to judge gender specificity of the creativity of both given author and women's writing as a whole. In addition, the inclusion of perspective of the representation of women's psycho-emotional and mental experience in the feminist theoretical discourse presented in the texts makes it possible to speak about the manifestation of the aesthetic potential of women's experience in the work of N. Abgaryan.

РОЛЬ СОВЕТСКОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССАХ

The Soviet historical heritage is not only an instrument of state policy, but also a significant element of modern socio-political processes. Ideas about the Soviet national-state heritage are of great importance in shaping the political consciousness of modern Russians. Ideas about the Soviet national-state heritage are of great importance in shaping the value and worldview foundations of modern Russian identity. At present, in the scientific and public environment, there is an awareness of the need to ensure historical continuity and preserve memory based on the formation of common ideas about the Soviet past and its role in modern Russia. The state policy of memory constructs unifying meanings and narratives largely based on Soviet history and state-patriotic traditions. The Soviet legacy can be included in the construct of the value-political image of the future. Historical memory is one of the foundations for the consolidation of society in multi-ethnic and multi-confessional regions, leads to the unification of people of different generations and social strata, and has an important impact on the political processes of modern Russia. For a significant part of the population, Soviet values and social orientation, as well as the memory of the country's greatness on the world stage, are attractive landmarks that can become starting points for the project of the future.

Kumbyz (furnace) found in the medieval city of Kyshkala

Long-term studies of the medieval city of Kyshkala revealed a mausoleum, madrasahs, simple burials and living quarters built of ceramic bricks and the remains of cult and memorial construction sites. A number of studies were also conducted to find out where so many bricks were burned, and consequently, in 2019 brick-burning kumbyz (furnace) was found in the eastern part of Shahristan in the medieval city of Kyshkala, dating back to the Golden Horde era, to the 13th and 14th centuries. Therefore, in the article, giving extensive definitions related to etimology (origin) of the word “kumbyz” for burning bricks, we will focus on the history of kumbyz of the medieval history of Kazakhstan, which had a direct impact on the prosperity of urban culture. The kumbyzes were found in the Chui region and such medieval cities as Aktobe, Sarayshyq, Zhaiyk, as well as in the medieval cities of middle and lower flows of Syr Darya. The article considers the history of discovering kumbyzes and the conducted archeological research, the first published results were supplemented with additional materials and a comparative chronological analysis

Interpreting the Creation of Czechoslovakia between 1948 and 1989 / Shifts and Changes in the Politics of History and Memory

The article focuses on the construction of historical narratives and the construction of memory regarding the emergence of Czechoslovakia (28 October 1918) in the second half of the twentieth century. It analyses Czech and Slovak historiography and the significance of direct and indirect political and ideological influences. It explores shifts in the official narrative from the establishment of the communist regime to its collapse through an analysis of party texts, scholarly publications and conferences. The authors pay equal attention to the Czech lands and Slovakia. They focus on the role of historians as a professional community and the importance of institutional networks and examine the positions and viewpoints of the new historical departments (within the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences) and shifts in university education. While the existing universities were to concentrate exclusively on teaching, the newly established universities (such as the University of Political and Economic Sciences – VysokĂĄ ĹĄkola politickĂ˝ch a hospodářskĂ˝ch věd) were tasked from the outset with educating a new type of socialist intelligentsia that had a close relationship to the people and/or to (re)educate publicity workers and state administration employees. As for historians, the article points to their professional and publishing strategies and the changes in opinions they underwent. In the second part, the authors address the issue of commemorating the founding of Czechoslovakia in the public space. They pay special attention to the celebrations in 1948, which aspired to a nationwide character, the revival of this tradition in the 1960s, and finally the society-wide response in 1988, when the significance of the establishment of the independent Czechoslovak state was reasserted in the form of granting it the position of a national holiday, and also the symbolism associated with this date became the impetus or mass public protest against the communist regime.

What does the past teach?

The narratives constructed by the Brazilian military dictatorship relied on different spaces and subjects as a way of establishing themselves. In this sense, the Brazilian hegemonic media was directly involved in the practice of military dictatorship. However, the narrative about the dictatorship is still in dispute as to the objectives that were mobilized within certain events, which still need to be problematized. Thus, this study aims to investigate the narrative mobilized by periodicals that circulated between 1964 and 1985 in the city of Arcoverde, in the countryside of Pernambuco, during the dictatorship, in order to understand how the repression relied on the symbolic power of the press for its maintenance. We turn to the critique of the epistemological characteristic of narrative about the past and time in order to consider narration as an examination of linear historical time. The results obtained indicate that the media discourse was organized in favor of the ideological control forged by the dictatorial narrative, whether through the explicit defense of the regime or by subtle agency. The reconstruction of the narrative in question can be considered, even today, a field in dispute, which interferes decisively in the construction of memory and has repercussions in the reproduction of a social imaginary that congregates empty visions about what the military dictatorship meant in Brazil and in Pernambuco. The research, in the end, highlights the need to narrate as a way of reflecting the past as an epistemic and political strategy to value a minority history.

Deep continual hashing with gradient-aware memory for cross-modal retrieval

Cross-modal hashing (CMH) has become widely used for large-scale multimedia retrieval. However, most current CMH methods focus on the closed retrieval scenario, not the real-world environments, i.e., complex and changing semantics. When data containing new class objects emerge, the current CMH has to retrain the model on all history training data, not the new data, to accommodate new semantics, but the never-stop upload of data on the Internet makes this impractical. In this paper, we devise a deep hashing method called Continual Cross-Modal Hashing with Gradient Aware Memory (CCMH-GAM) for learning binary codes of multi-label cross-modal data with increasing categories. CCMH-GAM is a two-step hashing architecture, one hashing network learns to hash the increasing semantics of data, i.e., label, into the semantic codes, and other modality-specific hashing networks learn to map data into the corresponding semantic codes. Specifically, to keep the encoding ability for old semantics, a regularization based on accumulating low-storage label-code pairs is designed for the former network. For the modality-specific networks, we propose a memory construction method via approximating the full episodic gradients of all data by some exemplars and derive its fast implementation with the upper bound of approximation error. Based on this memory, we propose a gradient projection method to theoretically improve the probability of old data’s code being unchanged after updating the model. Extensive experiments on three datasets demonstrate that CCMH-GAM can continually learn hash functions and yield state-of-the-art retrieval performance.

“We Think We’re Far from Conflict, but That’s Not True”: Peace Building and Remembrance through Memory Sites in Colombia

Although memory sites and formal schooling both serve as battlegrounds for postconflict disputes over memory, there is a dearth of research that examines the connection between the two. This article draws on the case of Colombia to explore the use of memory sites, such as museums and memorials, as pedagogical tools in education for peace building. Through observations of school visits to the Centro de Memoria, Paz y Reconciliación (Center for Memory, Peace, and Reconciliation) and interviews with students, I highlight the potential that memory sites have for establishing a sense of closeness in students’ understanding of conflict. I conceptualize closeness across three axes: familiarity, temporality, and spatiality. In bringing students closer to the history of the armed conflict, memory sites hold the potential to transmit a sense of responsibility toward peace building. This research adds to our understanding of the construction, transmission, and contestation of collective memories of violence.