Construction Of Industrial Buildings Research Articles

A proposal for environmental indicators towards industrial building sustainable assessment

The construction sector carries out a very important role in the development of society. It is a basic component of economic activity, having a great influence on employment generation and country growth. The sector generates appreciable environmental changes and effects throughout the planet, leading to gradual exhaustion of natural resources and contamination of basic elements, such as air, water and soil. Recently, there have been advances in favour of more environmentally friendly buildings. Basically, sustainable construction has centred on residential and office buildings. It could be said that there is a lack of sustainability in the construction of industrial buildings, as they present characteristics which differ from other building typologies. This article aims to assess and analyze industrial building environmental effects, and considers a set of green study criteria, such as: location, materials, energy and water consumption, construction and deconstruction characteristics, and waste management in industrial building. At the same time, the studies are hierarchically structured into different assessment elements, such as: criteria, subcriteria and, finally, indicators, comprising the assessment model.

A theoretical numerical study of the rotational restraint in cold-formed steel single skin purlin-sheeting systems

Cold-formed steel purlins are commonly used in the construction of industrial buildings. The roof sheeting increases the strength of the attached purlin to a considerable extent by providing lateral and rotational restraints. Further, the rotational restraint plays an important role on the buckling behaviour of the attached purlin. There is a need for a design method that accurately predicts the rotational restraint without experimental tests. Addressing this problem, in this research work, a non-linear finite element model is developed to estimate the rotational restraint provided by the first and second generation trapezoidal sheeting to the attached purlin. This model is applicable to trough-fixed and crest-fixed single skin purlin-sheeting systems commonly employed in steel roofs. The performance of the finite element model is validated by conducting experimental tests and found to be in good agreement. The factors influencing the rotational restraint can be investigated by using this validated finite element model. It opens the way to the development of a design method for estimating the rotational restraint provided by the sheeting to cold-formed steel purlins.

The first sustainable industrial building projects

The construction sector is a natural-resource-consuming agent. As a result environmental criteria and other key factors must be integrated into construction processes throughout their life cycle. On the other hand, a more general concept of sustainability considers equally economic, social and functional factors. All these matters entail the management of much information and disciplines that require a specific methodology to quantify their real influence on constructive models. In recent years, there has been progress in favour of buildings being more environmentally friendly. However, sustainable construction has centred on residential and office buildings. It could be said that there is a lack of focus on sustainability in the construction of industrial buildings, which present specific characteristics that differentiate them from residential buildings. This paper aims to analyse the sustainable environmental requirements for an industrial building by defining a system of specific indicators to assess building behaviour against these requirements, ultimately generating an assessment model as a basis for measuring a building's ‘environmental sustainability index’.

Evaluating the Carrying Capacity of Floating Driven Tubular Piles for Hydraulic Engineering

In past decades, the world-wide tendency in marine hydraulic engineering has been erection, in the continental shelf, of offshore structures for recovery of gas and oil. Of the total of offshore platforms erected over the world, about 80% are provided with pile anchorage [1]. For erecting the pile foundation of platforms, steel tubular piles — hollow thin-walled tubes of diameter larger than 0.6 m (most commonly, 1.2 – 2.0 m) and hold length of piles down to 60 m or more — are used. The carrying capacity of tubular piles is mainly provided by the forces of friction operative over the lateral surface; by conventional terminology, these piles are called floating (or friction) piles. In designing a pile foundation, the following parameters should be specified: pile diameter, pile hold length (the depth to which a pile is driven into the ground), pile wall thickness, type of termination of the end of pile, spacing between the piles, number of piles and pile pattern, connection between structural elements, strength of materials, mode of erection, etc. To determine the adequate characteristics of a pile foundation, a step-by-step feasibility analysis is conducted with allowance for the joint operation of the “structure – foundation” system. Feasibility analysis of the reliable “platform – pile foundation” connection during erection and service should involve the following characteristics: (i) carrying capacity of the foundation ground; (ii) strength of the material of piles and other structural foundation components; (iii) settling of piles and pile foundations; deformation of poles (displacement, angle of twist) jointly with the foundation ground subjected to design loads; (iv) softening of the loose ground subjected to dynamic loading. By the existing regulations, the strength analysis of pile foundations should be conducted in conformance with SNiP (Standard Norms and Rules) 2.02.03–85 “Pile foundations” [2]. Still, SNiP regulations are mainly intended for designing pile foundations in civil engineering and industrial construction and do not reflect in full measure the specific features of tubular piles that are used for erecting structures on the continental shelf [3 – 5]. As a rule, the main factor that determines the potential use of an individual pile of particular type in constructing a pile foundation is the pile’s carrying capacity. Here we omit details of the carrying capacity analysis of axially loaded tubular piles; we merely wish to address some problems that arise in carrying out strength analysis using the method of [2]. According to this method, the carrying capacity of an axially loaded pile is estimated as the sum of resistance forces operative over the outer lateral surface of the tubular pile and at its lower end (that is, over the net cross-section of the pile — without the ground core taken into consideration). This estimate is valid for the conditions of pile penetration using a leading borehole; however, it is a conservative estimate of the carrying capacity for a pile penetrated without leading hole. The resistance data in [2] for laterally and terminally (at the lower end) loaded piles were obtained from processing a large amount of experimental material — mainly for spud reinforced concrete piles of relatively short length commonly used in the construction of civic and industrial buildings [3]. The carrying capacity analysis of long steel tubular piles, typically used in the construction of hydraulic facilities on the continental shelf, in most cases meets with problems in conforming with standard requirements of [2]. Thus, the SNiP rated values for lateral and terminal resistances are available for hold lengths of 35 m only, whereas the actual length of tubular piles is usually greater than this. It should be noted that Provisional Building Regulations VSN 41.88 [6] and VSN 51.3–85 [7] allow the use of SNiP methods for hold lengths greater than 35 m. It is recommended that rated values for the limit length of 35 m can also be used for greater hold lengths. In the world practice of designing foundations using tubular piles, normative documents of the American Petroleum Institute (API) [8] and Norvegian norms Det Norske Veritas (DNV) [9] have gained wide acceptance. The API and DNV recommendations on evaluating the carrying capacity of ground-driven piles are fundamentally different from the SNiP requirements. The former are based on the use of mechanical characteristics of the ground (internal friction angle o, undrained strength cu), whereas design resistance by the SNiP method is specified depending on physical characteristics of the ground (particle size and compactness for sandy grounds, and liquidity index IL and porosity index for clays). A comparison of the carrying capacity of a single pile under different ground conditions as estimated by SNiP and API techniques has revealed significant discrepancies in both

XPS and ellipsometric characterization of zinc-BTA complex

This paper describes the study of the reaction of zinc with solutions of benzotriazole in alcohol medium. It was found using XPS and Ellipsometry that this reaction creates an overlayer of about 0.5 nanometer of Zn++ (BTA−)2 on the zinc surface. Good agreement was found on the overlayer thickness between the ellipsometry results and the XPS peak intensities calculated with the model of Seah. The greater stability of Zn++ (BTA−)2 with respect to metallic zinc (+1.7 eV) and ZnO (+ 0.83 eV) provides good protection of the zinc against oxidation, reducing the corrosion current by about 40%. This results makes possible the application of the treatment of zinc with benzotriazole not only in electronics, but also in other industrial applications such electromechanic engineering and building construction.

Substantiation of the admissable concentration of radionuclides in the utilization of concrete from disassembled reactors

The complete or partial disassembly of the buildings and systems of a modern nuclear power plant results in the formation of hundreds of thousands of tons of wastes. More than 90% of this mass consists of reinforced concrete. Only a small fraction of these materials is contaminated and/or activated up to high level and must be treated as radioactive wastes that must be buried. For this reason, it is helpful to consider a variant of recycling of some of the wastes and secondary utilization of these wastes in different industrial production processes. In this paper, we analyze the concrete that is freed when a nuclear power plant is decommissioned, and in particular, we examine three scenarios: (1) stockpiling and long-term storage of concrete at an industrial site, (2) highway construction, and (3) industrial building construction. Admissable radionuclide concentrations of several isotopes are tabulated for each scenario, and the results provide the basic information for the development of standards for the utilization of the concrete wastes produced during the decommissioning of nuclear power plants.

Earth-slag pads in punched trenches

A method of construction of punched (tamped-out) earth-slag pads (PESP), based on the trench-punching method, is described. The examine the results of investigations and experience with use of PESP for construction of industrial and residential buildings in Lipetsk are examined. Recommendations about the fields of PESP application and design are given.

Polyurethane Rigid Foam Systems for Metal-Faced Sandwich Panels for the 1990s

Sandwhich panels with polyurethane rigid foam cores are important building elements for a wide variety of applications. They are used for the cost effective construction of industrial and commercial buildings and in many stages of the food chain, including cold storage, cold rooms and refrigerated transport containers and trucks

An automated shear stud welding system

Stud welding is highly repetitive and stressful on the worker; thus it is a prime candidate for automation. A robotic device, called the “Studmaster”, has been developed at MIT which automates stud welding during construction of industrial buildings and can easily be adapted for use on bridge decks. The machine is controlled by a microcomputer, and utilizes a loading and welding mechanism which is actuated by three pneumatic cylinders and one mechanical relay. This mechanism is mounted on a small tracked vehicle which is manually indexed to each weld site by a human operator. Expected payback time for an industrially hardened version is estimated to be on the order of 1–2 years.

An automated shear stud welding system

Stud welding is highly repetitive and stressful on the worker; thus it is a prime candidate for automation. A robotic device, called the “Studmaster”, has been developed at MIT which automates stud welding during construction of industrial buildings and can easily be adapted for use on bridge decks. The machine is controlled by a microcomputer, and utilizes a loading and welding mechanism which is actuated by three pneumatic cylinders and one mechanical relay. This mechanism is mounted on a small tracked vehicle which is manually indexed to each weld site by a human operator. Expected payback time for an industrially hardened version is estimated to be on the order of 1–2 years.

Advanced Building Technology Matrix System

The cost of industrial building construction has risen dramatically in recent years. Excessive construction costs have eroded the competitive position of the U.S. construction industry and are having a similar impact on the manufacturing industry by preventing it from building new plants and modernizing existing ones. An effective solution to these problems is the introduction of new technologies that enhance the quality of the building product, increase construction efficiency, and decrease costs. This paper presents the ABT Matrix system, an information system for describing and documenting advanced building technologies (ABTs) and lists the names of the 151 ABTs that have been documented using this system. The advanced Building Technologies Matrix is a database system that relates building systems to specific technologies and vice versa. In its present implementation, the ABT Matrix can be used as: (1) A direct source of initial information about the documented ABTs; (2) a pilot implementation and an example of the ABT database system; and (3) a basis for developing similar, in‐house, ABT documentation systems.

Anchorage of Steel Building Components to Concrete

Anchorage of steel building components to concrete is a fact of life. It has been used, and will continue to be used, in essentially all steel industrial structures. It would seem logical that the behavior and consequently the design principles concerning such anchorages are as well understood, for instance, as those concerning flexure of the components themselves. However, such has not always been the case. Because of this situation, recent work has been undertaken to enhance understanding of anchorage behavior. Much of this work has been brought about as a result of the stringent quality assurance programs of the nuclear power industry with the corresponding stringent design requirements for anchorage to concrete. While the nuclear industrys design requirements are rather rigorous relative to the needs of the industrial building industry, much of the information obtained to meet these requirements can be utilized in industrial building applications. The purpose of this paper is to describe various types of anchorage devices, discuss their behavior and present appropriate design guidelines for implementation in industrial building construction.

Cuatro aspectos del sector construcción, en Cuba

Under the common title of «Four Aspects of the Construction Sector in Cuba», we gather some other works, to a certain extent different in theme and focus, but which globally may help to outline both the present level of the technical development of the construction sector and its potential installed. There is described in the «Technical Center of Construction and Materials», which is a basic institution and one which promotes the technological development of the sector. In another work are reviewed the construction systems employed in Cuba, both autochthonous and foreign, as these systems are the basis and support of Cuban construction. In the third place there is reproduced a punctual aspect of the research work being carried out in ICIDCA (Research Center of the elite of Cuba); it deals with the employment of megasse in the production of agglomerates for use in construction. The panorama finalizes with a brief, schematical resume of the construction of industrial buildings of one storey, by means of prefabricated elements or of industrial origin, which respond to some strict conditions and which are carried out following rigorous rules of the project. We understand that the ensemble of these four facets constitutes a significant sample of that plural prism and ensemble which Is the construction sector of any country.

SNUG AS A BUG IN A RUG

It takes little research to prove that the type of building boards widely used in the construction of industrial buildings 20 years ago were often not up to the task. Examination of older structures shows all too many signs of decay — boards lining ceilings and walls which have warped or deteriorated and rotted.

Experience in the construction of industrial buildings and structures on peat bases covered with mineral fill

Despite the comparatively low values of the moduli of deformation of peat soils it is possible and economical to construct also relatively heavy buildings and structures on them provided the following measures are taken.

Experience with construction of industrial buildings on a factory dump

Experience with construction of industrial buildings on a factory dump

Recent Tendencies in Industrial Building Construction

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