Construction Of Garden Research Articles

A Study on the Value of Green, Low Carbon and Environmentally Friendly Materials in Modern Gardens

With the continued development of the modern economy, China has made great achievements in urbanisation. However, while China’s economic progress has been effective, it has also advocated the construction of green cities and the application of green materials in modern garden construction to build a livable life for people. In order to promote the use of natural green materials, materials should be planned well in modern garden construction. On the basis of making full use of these green materials, garden design is optimised with the help of natural green materials. This study analyses the current situation of the development of the urbanised garden industry, makes good site planning and design of modern gardens, applies natural green plants in urbanised construction, and increases the application rate of green, low-carbon and environmentally friendly materials in modern garden construction. The study provides a reference for the full use of green, low-carbon and environmentally friendly materials in modern garden construction to enhance the level of garden design.

Land Suitability and Plant Types Based on Soil Electrical Properties and Remote Sensing

Regional development in Panimbang District, Banten Province, Indonesia, is executed so that the tourism area is not centered solely on the west coast of Pandeglang but also in the surrounding area. The development is carried out in stages from government offices, education facilities, and public facilities. One of the public facilities to be built is a garden. This study aimed to evaluate the condition of the soil layers and fertility for garden construction. The resistivity method determines the soil layer pattern using dipole configuration. Remote sensing methods are used to assess land suitability and soil fertility. Land suitability based on agro-climatic data soil fertility based on physical and chemical parameters is taken from SoilGrids 250 m. The results of the resistivity method showed various values between 1 – 110 Ωm, and there are three layers of soil up to a depth of 3.58 m The first layer is assumed to be silty clay (15 – 30 Ωm), the second layer is assumed to be clay (1 – 5 Ωm), and the third layer is assumed to be silty and sandy soil (70 – 110 Ωm). Based on the remote sensing data, the first layer had an ideal bulk density and cation exchange value, but the pH value and nitrogen content are less ideal. The second layer had an ideal value of cation exchange capacity and pH, a rather ideal bulk density value, and a low nitrogen content and is considered a fertile layer of soil. Keywords: Remote sensing, resistivity, soil fertility, soil layers, SoilGrids 250 m

Analysis of Water Supply in Hejin Sakura Valley Imitating Jiangnan-style Landscape

To ensure the domestic water and landscape water supply requirements of Hejin Sakura Valley Scenic Area, the water supply scheme of the artificial lake and scenic spot domestic water consumption assessment machine is optimized. Firstly, in view of the water resources situation in the area where the cherry blossom valley garden scenic spot is located, the necessity of pumping groundwater is pointed out; Secondly, combined with the basic information of hydrogeology and mountainous terrain, a scheme for pumping water supply from natural pipe wells is proposed; Finally, relying on FLAC3D software, three different pipe diameter pumping well models of 600mm, 700mm and 800mm are established, three-dimensional jet field analysis is carried out, and the optimal layout scheme of pipe diameter and position of pipe well is given. Studies have shown that the larger the well diameter, the greater the outlet flow rate, and the water output can be increased by 50~80m3/d for each 100mm tube well; The number of tube wells arranged is about 6, and it is recommended that a sufficient distance should be maintained between wells; The demand for pipe wells with different apertures varies between 1 and 2 mouths. The results of this paper can provide guidance for the construction of gardens in central China to solve the problem of water supply, and support and serve the construction of garden landscape.

Landscape Art in A Treatise on Garden Design and The Craft of Gardens: A Comparative Analysis

A Treatise on Garden Design is the earliest Japanese treatise on landscape art, while The Craft of Gardens is its earliest Chinese counterpart. The former was composed roughly 500 years before the latter. Both are highly regarded in the landscape architectural com-munity. A Treatise on Garden Design elaborates on the techniques of stone and water ar-rangement in landscape design and draws significantly on Buddhism, the Yin-Yang theo-ry, and the theory of the Five Elements, illustrating the profound influence of metaphysics in China’s Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties. In addition to traditional Chi-nese concepts, it also incorporates Japanese national culture. The Craft of Gardens illus-trates the penchant for isolation among Chinese nobles and intellectuals in their creative idea of a garden landscape while providing a thorough overview of garden construction in ancient times. It exemplifies the achievements of traditional Chinese landscape art. This paper demonstrates, through a comparative analysis of the two works, that Chinese classical gardens, as a sign of secluded culture, demonstrate an appropriate integration of human design and natural elements and permit individual creativity regardless of the established rules, whereas their Japanese counterparts emphasize the actual simulation of nature.

Ecosystem Service Synergies Promote Ecological Tea Gardens: A Case Study in Fuzhou, China

Exploring the trade-off/synergy among ecosystem services (ESs) of agroecosystems could provide effective support for improving agricultural resilience for sustainable development. The construction of ecological tea gardens is emerging, aims to achieve a win-win situation for the tea industry and ecological environment protection. However, the effect of ES trade-offs/synergies on tea production is still not clear. In this study, we selected Fuzhou city, China, as a case study and explored the relationship among tea production and ESs in 2010 and 2020. Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) and Intelligent Urban Ecosystem Management System (IUEMS) models were used to assess the ecosystem (dis)services, which were tea production, water yield, soil retention, net primary productivity (NPP), climate regulation, soil erosion and carbon emissions. Then, the sum of trade-off/synergy coefficients of ESs (Cts) were defined to reveal the trade-off/synergy in tea gardens and areas except tea gardens (ETG areas). K-means clustering was used to assess the spatiotemporal change of traditional tea garden and ecological tea garden, reflecting the effect of ecological tea garden construction. The results showed that: (1) the high-value areas of tea production were mainly distributed in Lianjiang County, with yields up to 3.6 t/ha, and the low-value areas in Yongtai County, with yields from 0.1–1.0 t/ha. Other ESs showed spatial heterogeneity. (2) The trade-offs in ETG areas intensified from 2010 to 2020, with Cts decreasing from −0.28 to −0.73, and the synergy in tea garden was at risk of decline, with Cts decreasing from 4.46 to 1.02. (3) From 2010 to 2020, 96.72% of traditional tea gardens (Area I) were transformed into ecological tea gardens (Areas IV and V). (4) Further, we classified the tea garden into five zones based on tea yield, with Zone I as the low tea yield areas and Zone V as the highest. From Zone I to Zone V, the Cts increased from 2.6 to 7.5 in 2010, and from 1.9 to 6.5 in 2020, respectively. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the construction of ecological tea gardens in Fuzhou and provide a reference for subsequent studies on the ESs of tea gardens and governance of ecological tea gardens.

Landscape Characteristics of <italic>Sojinjeong</italic> Garden in Geochang

Background and objective: This study aimed to examine the construction intention, spatial composition, and landscape characteristics of Sojinjeong Garden, located in Geochang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, through a literature analysis and field survey. The findings can be summarized as follows.Methods: The research method was a combination of literature review and field surveys. The history of the construction of Sojinjeong and its garden was examined through a review of the literature, while the spatial composition and landscape characteristics of the garden were analyzed through field surveys and interviews.Results: Sojinjeong Garden was created by Confucian scholar Wucheon Do Jae-gyun in the 1920s. In the background to this garden's construction, the placeness related to Nammyeong Jo Shik, a great Confucian scholar of the Joseon period, played a large role. Do Jae-gyun, the creator of the garden, placed the garden centered on Sojinjeong and Imcheongjeong where Poyeon could be seen, keeping in mind the relationship between his ancestor, Do Hee-ryeong, and Nammyeong. He also created a colony of <i>Lagerstroemia indica</i>, which is in full bloom in summer, around the place where they took a wind bath. Various landscape elements of Sojinjeong Garden are distributed throughout Gusa Village, including the adjacent Okgye Stream, Poyeondae, and Banwhandae. These landscape elements can be roughly classified into scenic views inside and outside the garden, structures, and vegetation. The landscape structure of the garden is divided into inner garden, outer garden, and area of influence based on the location of the landscape elements, a typical structure for an annex garden. The scenic significance contained in Sojinjeong Garden is converged into the nickname of Sojinjeong Pavilion and the word <i>Yokgi</i> (浴沂; <i>Yuyi</i> in Chinese) that appears in a poem recited in the garden. This represents the intent of the creator of the garden, who wanted to make Sojinjeong Garden a place where he could cultivate himself in harmony with nature, away from the mundane world.Conclusion: Sojinjeong Garden is an annex garden of the Nammyeong School, built in the western part of Gyeongsang-do, and is considered to be a very valuable relic. However, the original landscape of Sojinjeong Garden is changing, and a reasonable management plan should be sought by regarding it as an integrated garden relic and making an objective evaluation.

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Chinese Botanical Gardens over the Last 5000 Years

Botanical gardens are a primary avenue for ex situ biodiversity conservation. China represents a center of origin for many of the world’s cultivated plants, as well as the birthplace of the world’s earliest pharmacopoeia and most ancient gardens. Botanical gardens are thought to have originated in China, the only one of four ancient civilizations that has persisted without interruption for the last 5000 years. This paper aims to demonstrate the spatiotemporal changes of Chinese botanical gardens and explore their driving mechanism. Based on a systematic review of the literature, the development of Chinese botanical gardens can be roughly divided into three major stages: an enlightenment stage for ancient botanical gardens (2800 BC–1859 AD), a colonial-exploration stage for modern botanical gardens (1860–1949), and a gradual-development stage for modern botanical gardens (1950–2022). By the end of 2022, China will contain a total of 456 botanical gardens, the most of any country in the world; these gardens will cover an area of 115,000 hectares and preserve 515,000 species of living plants. In the past 5000 years, the temporal and spatial development of Chinese botanical gardens has been linked to social and economic developments. By assessing the achievements of each stage of botanical-garden development, four major factors driving the rise, dissemination, development, and evolution of Chinese botanical gardens were identified: societal wealth/prosperity, demand-driven developments, support from science and education fields, and the promotion of ecological sustainability. Our findings fill the gap in botanical-garden development theory, and serve as a reference for the construction and management of botanical gardens.

Informal Community Growing Characteristics and the Satisfac-tion of Concerned Residents in Mountainous Urban Areas of Southwest China.

Due to the mountainous terrain in the urban areas of southwest China, there are a large number of barren slopes in the community unsuitable for construction. These areas, alongside other unusable space which is often cultivated by residents to create informal community vegetable gardens and fruit growing areas, have become a "gray area" for urban management. This paper attempts to study the characteristics of informal community growing, the composition of growers, the motivation for growing, and the satisfaction of residents in urban areas in mountainous southwest China to explore its relative value. The sample area for the study was Yongchuan, Chongqing, Southwest China. Through a field survey, a semantic differential questionnaire, and data analysis, we found that: (1) growers use traditional cultivation methods to grow diverse fruits and vegetables according to the size of the slope, and the scale is so large that it serves as a local food supply; (2) growers are mainly vulnerable groups who use the land for economic gain and green food acquisition; and (3) growers and non-growers are more satisfied with the food supply and economic benefits generated by cultivation, while they are dissatisfied with the environmental and social benefits and the planting process. Satisfaction also varies with age, occupation, income, education, household registration, and farming experience. Based on the findings, this paper presents recommendations for the future transformation and development of informal community cultivation in mountainous areas. The study has implications for the construction of community gardens and urban agriculture in the mountains.

Comparative study of domestic and international mandatory policies on three-dimensional greening - Shenzhen as an example

With the accelerated urbanization in China, the phenomenon of insufficient green space in urban built-up areas is becoming increasingly prominent, and the construction of rooftop gardens to increase the green coverage of cities and improve the urban ecological environment has become an important element of urban construction. Taking Shenzhen as an example, this paper studies the current three-dimensional greening policies and regulations of the Shenzhen government, the three-dimensional greening policies and regulations of advanced foreign cities and analyses the problems that exist at the level of urban green space planning and policies and regulations in Shenzhen. In the course of the study, it is found that there are three problems in its, Shenzhen's three-dimensional greening policy planning: small scope of application, lack of planning elements, and low degree of compulsion, By combining the governance experiences of other cities, this paper will propose corresponding improvement solutions and optimization suggestions to address the shortcomings of urban three-dimensional greening policies from the policy level and offer suggestions for the cause of three-dimensional greening in Shenzhen.

Landscape design of garden plants based on green and low-carbon energy under the background of big data

Data collection, which is characterized by large capacity, many types, fast access speed and high application value, was first used in the IT industry, and is now rapidly developing into the collection, storage and correlation of data with huge quantities, scattered sources and various formats. Analysis to discover new knowledge, create new value, and enhance new capabilities of a new generation of information technology and service formats. With the continuous advancement of development and construction, the problem of carbon dioxide emissions caused by large-scale development and rapid construction has become more and more prominent, resulting in global warming and the greenhouse effect, triggering the demand for low-carbon garden landscape construction. How to apply the concept of low-carbon construction to the planning and design of garden landscape is a problem that should be considered at present. Therefore, this paper proposes a research on landscape design of garden plants based on green and low-carbon energy in the context of big data. It first analyzes the energy efficiency problem in the era of big data, and then introduces the data envelopment analysis method in detail. After that, the green and low-carbon garden construction was planned, and the construction land, plant selection, materials and other aspects were analyzed. From the final experimental results, it can be known that through the planning and design of low-carbon urban landscaping, its net carbon emissions and carbon emissions have decreased significantly. Green space carbon emissions increased from 303,089.26 to 335,757.06, rising to 32,667.8, which proves the actual effect of low-carbon design and protects the local ecological environment.

Research on inheritance and development of Chinese traditional design elements in modern residential garden construction

Research on inheritance and development of Chinese traditional design elements in modern residential garden construction

Research on the Problems Existing in the Application of Garden Maintenance Technology

In the modern city, the garden is an important part, it plays a role in beautifying people’s living environment, but also can purify the air, to the maintenance of natural ecological environment balance has played a role in promoting. Landscape engineering construction content and complex, especially the late maintenance work is very important, directly about the sustainable development of garden, it is easy to be ignored, so, to reasonable application of garden maintenance technology, make the garden engineering get higher comprehensive benefits, this paper focuses on the problems in the process of garden construction maintenance technology and solution strategy.

Exploration of Energy-Saving Chilling Landscape Design Based on Algo for Group Intelligence

Due to the influence of regional climatic conditions, the development of cold ecological tourism agricultural park in the north is slow, its landscape planning and design research lags behind, and there are still some problems. With the development of electronic computers, the previously unachievable optimization of engineering structures is now possible, while the traditional optimization methods cannot meet the requirements of modern computing due to the implementation constraints. The emergence of algo for group intelligences has made some applications of engineering structural optimization possible. Group intelligence is the characteristic of a system in which the collective behavior of low-level individuals interacting locally with their environment forms an overall pattern of consistent functions. This paper presents a study of energy-efficient cold landscape design based on algo for group intelligences and analyzes the problems that arise in the ecological landscape design of cold urban settlements. Then countermeasures are proposed to solve the problems. The linear model is replaced by the determination of the weight of the evaluation index of the energy-saving design of frozen landscape. And take it as a new migration model. Then, based on the weight of the evaluation index, the group algorithm analysis in landscape design is proposed, which is a generalized definition of the standard model. The experimental results show that the algo for group intelligence outperforms another algorithm in terms of solving ability to the extent that the average optimization ability is improved by 13.45%, so the algo for group intelligence demonstrates its superior ability to take into account both local and global search. Therefore, the use of algo for group intelligences to build an energy-efficient society is a necessary path for China’s development, and the construction of energy-efficient gardens is an important part of building an energy-efficient society, and the application of energy-efficient concepts to modern landscape design is an inevitable trend in the development of urban landscaping.

Study of residents’ willingness to construct community gardens in the post-epidemic era

Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, people who had experienced social isolation during the epidemic became more concerned about the function of public open spaces in their communities. In developing China, community gardens have not been included in the urban planning system. This study explores whether community residents support the construction of community gardens on public land for collective gardening activities and the reasons for the formation of their willingness. The subjects of this study are residents of three urbanized residential communities in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Questionnaires were distributed in the communities via the internet to assess residents’ willingness to build community gardens. Three hundred eighty-two completed and valid questionnaires were collected. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to evaluate the categorical variables. The results showed that 82.5% of respondents expressed support for the construction of community gardens, while 17.5% held the opposite view. Respondents who were female, elderly, and had minors in the household had a higher percentage of supportive statements. Living in different communities, education levels, and monthly income had no significant impact on the results. Community evaluation and horticultural experience had a significant impact on the results. Finally, we discuss the main reasons for willingness. In addition, we found that not all supporters were willing to spend money or time on community gardens. The results of this study are significant for community management decision-making and spatial planning.

Analysis of Strengthening Measures for Garden Construction and Maintenance Management

Analysis of Strengthening Measures for Garden Construction and Maintenance Management

Analysis on the Application of Greening Maintenance Management in Garden Construction

Analysis on the Application of Greening Maintenance Management in Garden Construction

Evaluating Implementation Outcomes of a Home Garden Intervention in Rural Guatemala Using the RE-AIM Framework

ObjectivesTo identify implementation barriers and facilitators for a home gardening intervention in rural Guatemala. MethodsHouseholds were eligible if they had a child 6–24 months of age with stunting. Households received seeds and seedlings for 16 crops, garden construction materials, agronomist-delivered education and technical assistance, and a standard-of-care nutrition program for 6 months. A mixed-methods implementation study was conducted from January 2019 to July 2020 using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework. Data were collected from program records, staff observations, household surveys (n = 70), and interviews or focus groups with staff (n = 4), participants (n = 6) and community stakeholders (n = 3). Descriptive statistics were calculated for quantitative outcomes and qualitative data were organized into themes. ResultsReach: Seventy of 78 (90%) eligible households participated. Many households in the community expressed interested in participating but did not have a young child with stunting. Effectiveness: Participants and stakeholders felt the intervention increased access to diverse foods. Over the six-month period, households cultivated, on average, an additional 5 species of crops (95% CI: 4–6) overall and 2 species (95% CI: 1–3) that they self-reported consuming. Adoption: Concerns about water use for garden irrigation were a barrier, with only 1 of 4 candidate communities authorizing the project. Implementation: There was good adoption of agricultural best practices (e.g., fencing, staggered planting, adding organic material, saving seeds, intercropping). Gray water filters (facilitating use of recycled water for garden irrigation) and flexible implementation promoted participation. Maintenance: At 6 months, crops failure rates were low, with only 3 of the 16 crops having failure rates above 25%. Costs for garden materials and program delivery were ∼773 USD per household. There were concerns about seed access outside of the project. ConclusionsInterest and engagement with a home garden intervention in rural Guatemala were high. Future projects should plan to address gaps between garden production and consumption, water use, and seed sourcing. Funding SourcesAcademy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation.

ROCKERIES AND ROCK GARDENS IN THE LANDSCAPE DESIGN OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

The article discusses the features of the construction of rockeries and rock gardens, studied their stylistic features. Some types of plants for planting them among stones are considered. Rockery, rock garden, stone, slide, style, decorative, plants, typology, alpine plants, landscape design

Mixed-Methods Implementation Study of a Home Garden Intervention in Rural Guatemala Using the RE-AIM Framework

BackgroundHome gardening is a strategy to improve nutrition and food security. More information is needed about optimizing gardens in different contexts. ObjectiveThe aim was to identify implementation barriers and facilitators for a home gardening intervention in rural Guatemala and inform future larger-scale interventions in the region. DesignA mixed-methods implementation study using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework was conducted from January 2019 to July 2020. Participants/settingFamilies (n = 70) in rural Guatemala participated in the intervention. Staff (n = 4), families (n = 6), and community stakeholders (n = 3) participated in interviews or focus groups. InterventionParticipating households received seeds and seedlings for 16 crops, garden construction materials, agronomist-delivered education and assistance, and a standard-of-care nutrition program. Main outcome measuresImplementation data were collected from program records and observations, participant surveys, and interviews and focus groups. Crop count and nutritional functional diversity of home gardens were assessed. Statistical analyses performedDescriptive statistics were calculated for quantitative outcomes. Qualitative data were double-coded and organized into overarching themes. ResultsReach: Ninety percent of eligible households participated. Child nutritional eligibility criteria was a barrier to reach. Effectiveness: Participants and stakeholders felt the intervention improved access to diverse foods. Cultivated crops increased an average of five species (95% confidence interval [CI], 4–6) at 6 months, although not all were consumed. Adoption: The main community adoption barrier was water sourcing for garden irrigation. Implementation: Raised beds were the most common gardening method, with good adoption of agricultural best practices. Gray water filters and flexible implementation were important for participation. Maintenance: Crops failure rates were low. Seed availability was a sustainability challenge. Direct costs were 763 USD per household. ConclusionsInterest and engagement with a home garden intervention in Guatemala were high. Gaps between garden production and consumption, access to water, and seed sourcing should be addressed in future work.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF KHOREZM TOWN-PLANNING CULTURE DURING THE PERIOD OF AMIR TEMUR AND TEMURIDS ON THE BASIS OF WRITTEN SOURCES

In this article, the fact that modern archaeologists practically proved the information provided by the authors of the chronicles about construction affairs in shopping centers and settlements, types of building instruments, methods of construction, peculiarities in the construction of gardens and construction of some hydraulic structures in Khorezm region during the reign of Amir Temur and Temurids is narrated.