Central Construct Research Articles

Evolution and spatial reconstruction of rural settlements based on composite features of agglomeration effect and ecological effects in the Hexi Corridor, Northwest China.

Rural reconstruction plays a pivotal role in the revitalization of rural areas and the development of regions. Understanding the pattern and direction of rural settlement reconstruction is crucial for effectively coordinating urban and rural development, as well as promoting regional rural revitalization. The present study proposes a novel approach to elucidate the evolution and spatial reconstruction of rural settlements by integrating features of agglomeration effect and ecological effect. By employing GIS spatial analysis technology and ecosystem service value modeling, the research analyzes the combined spatial agglomeration and ecological value characteristics of rural settlements in an arid oasis area, specifically focusing on the Hexi Corridor. Based on the analysis, the study identifies specific rural settlement reconstruction zoning and directions for optimization, considering rural settlement accessibility. The study reveals three key findings: (1) There are significant differences in the scale density and spatial distribution of rural settlements across the Hexi Corridor. (2) The overall ecological environment quality is good, and there is significant spatial differentiation in the ecosystem service value, influenced by topographic factors. (3) The optimal layout mode for rural settlements in the Hexi Corridor is the combination type of 'higher-ecological higher-density'. Based on the combined agglomeration effect and ecological effect features, the research determines the reconstruction scope of alienated rural settlements. Additionally, four predominant reconstruction modes are identified: urban agglomeration type, central village construction type, internal coordination type, and ecological protection type. The study proposes viable reconstruction paths for rural settlements based on these modes.

How to build green substations? An LCA comparison of different sustainable design strategies for substations

The growing industry of Information and Communication technology necessitates an increase in the construction of data centers and substations that supply them with electricity at high voltage levels. The increase in the construction of data centers and therefore substations on the one hand, and their high energy consumption on the other hand, makes sustainable substation design of utmost importance to prevent environmental degradation. However, current studies often consider only the operation phase of the building and neglect other life cycle stages, resulting in biased decisions that shift the environmental problems from one stage to another that were not included in the scope of these studies. This paper investigates Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a typical substation located in Germany, and applies three sustainable design strategies by creating scenarios, each varying in building material composition, waste heat utilization from data centers, and incorporation of green electricity from the grid. The environmental performance of these scenarios was evaluated using the One-Click LCA. Results indicate that switching to green electricity is the most impactful strategy that reduces the Global Warming Potential (GWP) to approximately 33 % compared to the base case. In the best solution which mixed all strategies, sharp reduction of GWP to 17.5 % was achieved. The highest impactful element of the building was its structure where the major building weight and a considerable amount of concrete cause the most GWP. Furthermore, the choice of materials is mainly important because of their embodied emissions, rather than their energetic values.

CentralBankRoBERTa: A fine-tuned large language model for central bank communications

Central bank communications are an important tool for guiding the economy and fulfilling monetary policy goals. Natural language processing (NLP) algorithms have been used to analyze central bank communications. These outdated bag-of-words methods often ignore context and cannot distinguish who these sentiments are addressing. Recent research has introduced deep-learning-based NLP algorithms, also known as large language models (LLMs), which take context into account. This study applies LLMs to central bank communications and constructs CentralBankRoBERTa, a state-of-the-art economic agent classifier that distinguishes five basic macroeconomic agents and binary sentiment classifier that identifies the emotional content of sentences in central bank communications. The absence of large-language models in the central bank communications literature may be attributed to a lack of appropriately labeled datasets. To address this gap, we introduce our model, CentralBankRoBERTa, offering an easy-to-use and standardized tool for scholars of central bank communications.

Impact of Thrombolysis Time Metrics When Participating in National Stroke Center Construction Project.

Intravenous thrombolysis has emerged as an effective approach to improve the long-term survival and functional status of patients with ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a national stroke project on the door-to-needle-time (DNT). The patients were divided into pre-construction and construction periods. Construction Measures were performed during the construction period. The DNT and onset-to-needle time (ONT) were compared in two period groups. After participating in the National Stroke Center Project and effective measurements, the thrombolysis treatment metrics were improved significantly. The DNT (IQR) was shortened from 65.0 (54.5,85.0) minutes in the Pre-Construction period to 40.0 (33.0,53.0) minutes in the Construction period (p < 0.001). Similarly, the ONT was reduced from 157.0 (IQR) (115.0,184.0) minutes to 116.0 (87.8,170.0) minutes (p = 0.035). The DNT time and ONT time can be shortened by National Stroke Center Construction projects. More suitable hospitals should be encouraged to participate as the National Stroke Center.

Using Tritium Isotope in Groundwater to Estimate the Reservoir Capacity at Erbil, Northern Iraq

Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen in water molecule can be applied in tracer studies to estimate water residence time. The tritium values of the groundwater in Erbil and the reservoir's capacity were the main subjects of this investigation. Three sub-basins, including, Kapran (720 km2), Central (1315 km2), and Bashtapa (625 km2) constructs Erbil City's groundwater basin. 27 groundwater samples from three sub-basins were taken for oxygen-18, tritium analysis and measurement of electrical conductivity. Tritium values divided the groundwater reservoirs into three possible groups: pre-bomb groundwaters that has ages older than 70 years due to lower tritium values, contaminated groundwater and mixture between young and old groundwaters. It is adequate to suppose that there were several substantial subsurface retention reservoirs in Dashty-Hawler basin. For instance, if two wells from the Kapan sub-basin were used as a point of reference, well No. 1 in Kalak region would have a tritium value of 1.7 ± 0.72 TU having groundwater that was approximately 16.2 years old. In contrast, the well No. 6 at Grd-Jutyar has a lower tritium value equal to 0.72 ± 0.68 TU indicating a greater residence time of 31.6 years. These two wells have differing reservoir sizes, and well No. 6 has a longer retention basin to store groundwater than well No. 1 According to these findings, younger groundwater and smaller retention basins were indicated by greater tritium levels, whereas older groundwater and larger retention basins were noted by lower tritium levels.

Dispersion Interactions in Asymmetric Induction for Constructing Vicinal Stereogenic Centers.

ConspectusVicinal stereogenic centers are prevalent structural motifs of primary functional relevance in natural products and bioactive molecules. The quest for the rapid and controllable construction of vicinal stereogenic centers stands as a frontier endeavor in asymmetric organic synthesis. Over the past decade, stereodivergent synthesis has been intensely researched within the realm of bimetallic catalysis, aiming at establishing novel transition-metal dual-catalytic reactions that efficiently generate all stereochemical combinations of multichiral molecules from identical starting materials, thus offering new opportunities toward rapid complexity building and diversity-oriented chiral compound library generation. In this Account, we summarize our recent advancements in computational investigations of stereodivergent asymmetric allylic alkylation, an important reaction class heavily studied for the purpose of constructing vicinal stereogenic centers. Our discussions focus on synergistic bimetallic catalysis for the syntheses of α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids and cascade allylation/cyclization toward enantiomerically enriched indole-containing heterocycles. We describe our series of studies that converge in establishing the molecular mechanism of asymmetric induction for chiral copper-azomethine ylide, a nucleophile that holds widespread utility and is characterized by a distinctive, sterically biased surrounding enveloping the prochiral center. Notably, our studies revealed that attacks at the prochiral site by allylmetal species are significantly favored by dispersion attraction from one face (-PPh2) but blocked by steric repulsion and associated structural distortions on the opposite face (oxazoline), therefore building up a multimodal and highly robust face-selective stereoinduction. We showcase how a suite of systematic computational analyses generates precise atomistic insights into a number of systems of relevance. We also discuss how the same methodologies can be applied to chiral intermediates with shared interaction patterns, including the rhodium-Josiphos catalyst in asymmetric hydrogenation to create two continuous stereocenters. In the selectivity-controlling migratory insertion step, our computational models unveiled that the reaction is favored by ligand-substrate dispersion attraction on the -PPh2 side and hindered by steric repulsion on the opposite -PtBu2 side. These noncovalent interactions along with the distal ligand-auxiliary structural distortions enable strictly oriented three-dimensional stereoinduction. Our analysis of ligand-substrate dispersion interactions and steric effects in competing pathways highlights certain interaction-level similarities between PHOX-type and Josiphos-type ligands in asymmetric induction. In summary, this Account underscores the foundational significance and broad applicability of nonbonded dispersion interactions in asymmetric inductions for the construction of vicinal stereogenic centers. We envisage that the computational methodologies employed in these studies will shift toward a paradigm of interaction-based rational molecular and reaction design.

An Overview of Eco-Friendly Centers in Savannahs: A Case of Bauchi Metropolis Fitness Centers, Bauchi State

Eco-friendly buildings and construction techniques have taken center stage as a trend that is here to stay. From sustainable home buildings to billion-dollar commercial developments, eco-friendly buildings are becoming a norm; they require fewer natural resources and produce fewer greenhouse emissions and waste. The study is aimed at highlighting on different criteria to be adopted in the provision of a well-designed fitness center capable of promoting safe and standard environment for fitness activity. A qualitative research methodology was used for the study to allow for research triangulation and wide range of data collection. The instruments of data collection used for the study include interviews, visual surveys and observation at the respective case studies selected for the study. The research found out that there is no application of features of eco-friendly building in all the selected cases studied, which resulted in non-marketability of the centers. It was also found that there is no any special or dedicated facility which adequately meets the design requirements of the fitness center in any of the selected case studies. Therefore, the study recommended feasible features to be incorporated in the design and construction of sustainable fitness centers.

Does the High-Rise Building Typology meet the needs for City Densification? The case of Tirana, Albania

The first high-rise building ever in Tirana and Albania was built during the 70-s. This was Hotel Tirana or “15-kateshi” as it was nicknamed. At that time, Tirana was building not more than six floors high due to limitations in finances, technology, as well as seismic regulations. Hotel Tirana was an exception for ideological and symbolic reasons of the regime. After the ‘change’ of the early 90-s and the return of the market economy, several private construction companies came up by developing ‘tower’ typology buildings of 7-9 floors. In the second decade of transformations, the municipality developed several international architectural competitions, including a masterplan for the city centre (2003) and other specific construction sites, mainly for strategic high-rise building purposes. During these years, Tirana was densified by tripling its population thanks to a typology of towers of 9-11 floors. There has been a lot of criticism of the respective municipal decision-making procedures, allegedly related to the politicization and corruption of the verticalization and densification process via control of the building permissions system

Export performance and international resources and capabilities: a quantitative study on born globals

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the internal factors of resources and capabilities of five born globals (BGs) from Estonia. It explores quantitatively the internal factors between a medium BG and four small BGs.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a survey questionnaire in collecting information from the CEOs of BGs. The questionnaire consisted of 105 questions relevant to export sales related to differences in internal factors.FindingsThe firms’ size and industrial sector play a role in export sales due to differences in internal factors. Small BGs expect financially based rewards, non-financial rewards, the job satisfaction of sales representatives with the export manager, and with work in general, and the representatives’ job satisfaction is higher in the small BGs than in the medium BG. The sales representatives’ job performance, their work performance, sales presentations, technical knowledge, adaptiveness, teamwork, planning, support, the organisational capabilities for business identification, relationship-building and innovation are all higher in medium BGs than in small BGs. Eleven sub-constructs of the model were shown to be important for small BGs.Originality/valueThe current study is focused on BGs from Estonia, i.e. small BGs and medium BGs. The study contributes to the internal factors of resources and capabilities of BGs as well as to the literature review on BGs. It also provides a logical conceptual model, indicating that the export manager’s job satisfaction is the central construct influenced by antecedent factors and is related directly to the export sales performance of the BG.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНО-ПЛАНУВАЛЬНИХ РІШЕНЬ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЙНИХ ЦЕНТРІВ ДЛЯ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ

The topic of designing rehabilitation centers for military personnel in Ukraine is currently relevant. The number of publications of projects of buildings of this type, which are already working or are being designed in our country, is increasing. The article is devoted to the identification of functional planning tasks and ways to solve them in the design or reconstruction of buildings of rehabilitation centers for the military personnel, in particular for people with reduced mobility. Normative documents relating to such buildings have not been developed in Ukraine. Thus, the existing design rules do not consider the cases of simultaneous stay in the building of a large number of people with reduced mobility. In this case, quantity turns into quality, that is, requirements for the design of different groups of premises should be considered in this aspect. The purpose of the work is to identify problems and outline prospects for the development of the architecture of rehabilitation centers for the military personnel, ways to solve the problems faced by the design of structures of this type in Ukraine. The task of the work is to study domestic and foreign experience in the construction and operation of rehabilitation centers for the military; - to study the requirements for the design of groups of rooms that are part of buildings of this type, - to investigate the peculiarities of the contingent of people undergoing rehabilitation and related requirements for evacuation routes. Conclusions. The current state of rehabilitation centers for military personnel in Ukraine requires a detailed study of domestic and foreign experience, and improvement of normative documents regarding the design of this type of buildings. The organization of contests for the best architectural projects of rehabilitation centers for the military will serve to develop interest and a worthy understanding of them. In the process of studying this topic, the authors came to the conclusion that the following architectural and planning principles should be followed for the formation of RC for the military personnel: 1. the principle of flexibility in architectural and planning decisions that takes into accountthe needs of patients at different stages of their rehabilitation. 2. the principle of combining functions in the premises of rehabilitation centers, whichensures the inclusion of the necessary number of different functional elements in one building, and even the universal use of premises. 3. the principle of combining nature and architectural solutions of rehabilitation centers toform their volumetric-spatial decisions and interior environment. 4. the principle of complete inclusiveness and ensuring free access to green areas.

A novel homomorphic polynomial public key encapsulation algorithm

Background: One of the primary drivers in development of novel quantum-safe cryptography techniques is the ongoing National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) competition, which aims to identify quantum-safe algorithms for standardization. Although NIST has recently announced candidates to be standardized, the development of novel PQC algorithms remains desirable to address the challenges of quantum computing. Furthermore, to enhance security and improve performance. Methods: This paper introduces a novel public key encapsulation algorithm that incorporates an additional layer of encryption during key construction procedure, through a hidden ring. This encryption involves modular multiplication over the hidden ring using a homomorphism operator that is closed under addition and scalar multiplication. The homomorphic encryption key is comprised of two values - one used to create the hidden ring and the other to form an encryption operator. This homomorphic encryption can be applied to any polynomials during key construction over a finite field with their coefficients considered private. Particularly, the proposed homomorphic encryption operator can be applied to the public key of the Multivariate Public Key Cryptography schemes (MPKC) to hide the structure of its central map construction. Results: This paper presents a new variant of the MPKC with its public key encrypted using the proposed homomorphic operator. This novel scheme is called the Homomorphic Polynomial Public Key (HPPK) algorithm, which simplifies MPKC central map to two multivariate polynomials constructed from polynomial multiplications. The HPPK algorithm employs a single polynomial vector for the plaintext and a multi-variate noise vector associated with the central map. In contrast, in MPKC, a single multivariate vector is created by segmenting the secret plaintext over a small finite field. The HPPK algorithm is Indistinguishability Under Chosen-Plaintext Attack (IND-CPA) secure, and its classical complexity for cracking is exponential in the size of the prime field GF(p).

If Opportunity Knocks: Understanding Contextual Factors' Influence on Cognitive Systems.

Central to the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework is the idea that RDoC constructs, which vary dimensionally by individual, are heavily influenced by contextual factors. Perhaps chief among these contextual factors is structural opportunity - the quality of resources available to a child as they grow. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of access to opportunity during childhood on three central RDoC cognitive systems constructs: language, visual perception, and attention. These constructs were measured using clinical data from psychological evaluations of youth ages 4-18years (N = 16,523; Mage = 10.57, 62.3% male, 55.3% White). Structural opportunity was measured using the geocoded Child Opportunity Index 2.0 (COI), a composite score reflecting 29 weighted indicators of access to the types of neighborhood conditions that help children thrive. Findings indicate that, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors, greater access to opportunity is associated with significantly stronger cognitive skills across all three constructs. However, opportunity uniquely explains the largest proportion of the variance in language skills (8.4%), compared to 5.8% of the variance in visual processing skills and less than 2% of the variance in attention. Further, a moderating effect of age was found on the relation between COI and language skills, suggesting that the longer children remain exposed to lower levels of opportunity, the lower their language skills tend to be. Understanding how opportunity impacts cognitive development allows clinicians to offer better tailored recommendations to support children with cognitive systems deficits, and will support policy recommendations around access to opportunity.

Financial Risk Prediction and Management of Enterprises Based on Financial Big Data

With the financial globalization, the data management mode of the financial industry has shifted from data sets to multi-service integration, and the construction of data centers in the financial industry has also been rapidly launched around the needs of business development. Therefore, financial enterprises need a lot of data analysis as the basis for decision-making. It is necessary to conduct more in-depth exploration and research on how to effectively integrate BD(big data) with diverse structures in the financial field, realize efficient data collection, and improve data processing efficiency. In the BD environment, how to use big financial BD technology to prevent financial risks in financial audit has become a widespread concern. This paper expounds the era of BD and its characteristics, and puts forward how to build a data platform for enterprise financial risk prediction and how to collect, manage and analyze data under the background of BD, in order to put forward feasible suggestions for financial audit on how to prevent financial risks under the background of BD.

Change in cyclone disaster vulnerability and response in coastal Bangladesh.

The number of deaths owing to tropical cyclones in Bangladesh has significantly reduced. Category 4 Cyclone Gorky in 1991 and Sidr in 2007 caused 147,000 and 4,500 deaths respectively, whereas Category 1 Cyclone Mora in 2017 resulted in six. Face-to-face interviews with 362 residents, participant observation, and focus-group discussions answer a research question about how change in coastal areas has contributed to this outcome. The study considered institutional approaches of disaster risk management through legal frameworks, administrative arrangements, cyclone preparedness activities, cyclone detection and early warning dissemination, construction of shelter centres, strengthening of various types of coastal embankments, paved roads, and pre-cyclone evacuation. The findings indicate significant improvement in house structures and design, income levels and diversification, education, awareness, individual capacity, poverty reduction, and lowering dependency on agriculture-based earning. Furthermore, the availability of mobile telephones, radio, television, and social media platforms enhanced social connectivity and greater gender equality and empowerment helped to facilitate disaster preparedness, evacuation, and response.

The ego in psychedelic drug action - ego defenses, ego boundaries, and the therapeutic role of regression.

The ego is one of the most central psychological constructs in psychedelic research and a key factor in psychotherapy, including psychedelic-assisted forms of psychotherapy. Despite its centrality, the ego-construct remains ambiguous in the psychedelic literature. Therefore, we here review the theoretical background of the ego-construct with focus on its psychodynamic conceptualization. We discuss major functions of the ego including ego boundaries, defenses, and synthesis, and evaluate the role of the ego in psychedelic drug action. According to the psycholytic paradigm, psychedelics are capable of inducing regressed states of the ego that are less protected by the ego's usual defensive apparatus. In such states, core early life conflicts may emerge that have led to maladaptive ego patterns. We use the psychodynamic term character in this paper as a potential site of change and rearrangement; character being the chronic and habitual patterns the ego utilizes to adapt to the everyday challenges of life, including a preferred set of defenses. We argue that in order for psychedelic-assisted therapy to successfully induce lasting changes to the ego's habitual patterns, it must psycholytically permeate the characterological core of the habits. The primary working principle of psycholytic therapy therefore is not the state of transient ego regression alone, but rather the regressively favored emotional integration of those early life events that have shaped the foundation, development, and/or rigidification of a person's character - including his or her defense apparatus. Aiming for increased flexibility of habitual ego patterns, the psycholytic approach is generally compatible with other forms of psychedelic-assisted therapy, such as third wave cognitive behavioral approaches.

Validation of the Polish version of the Dyadic Trust Scale

BackgroundThe aim of the research was to adapt the Dyadic Trust Scale – a tool for studying individuals engaged in close relationships, originally developed by Larzelere and Huston. Trust operationalized as the subjective experience of benevolence and honesty from one’s partner served as the central construct under investigation.Participants and procedureA total of 208 participants involved in emotionally intimate relationships were examined. The successive stages of the re-search procedure related to the verification of the tool for Polish conditions are presented. Evaluation of the psychometric properties encompassed the assessment of both its validity and reliability. The exploratory factor analysis, adopted for the single-factor approach, and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using SPSS version 28 and SPSS Amos.ResultsThe conducted statistical analyses provided evidence for a unidimensional structure consisting of five statements. The mini-mum score that can be obtained by the individual is 5 points, and the maximum is 35 points. The higher the overall score is, the greater is the trust in the dyad. It turned out that the Polish version of the Dyadic Trust Scale is accurate and reliable.ConclusionsThe Dyadic Trust Scale can be used in scientific research investigating trust dynamics within the partners in a dyad. Its use-fulness justifies recognizing trust as crucial for building and maintaining close relationships.

Application of geodetic methods for preventing emergencies in the construction and operation of buildings and structures

Introduction. The paper describes distortions of geometry in buildings and structures under construction as well as those already commissioned, which increase the risk of an emergency. The paper also shows the reasons for controlling the geometry for its compliance with design form and stability, as well as possible impact of deviations in the design geometry on adjacent buildings and structures.Aim: to analyze and describe the application of geodetic methods for preventing emergencies in the construction and operation of buildings and structures.Materials and methods. The paper presents methods and techniques for measuring the deformations of buildings using modern robotic tacheometers, inclinometers, satellite equipment, as well as hydrostatic leveling, in order to obtain reliable and valid parameters of the deformed state of building structures under both static and dynamic effects on the building or structure.Results. The paper explains the operating principles of measuring systems using automatic geodetic monitoring systems. The authors describe the process of determining displacements and deflections during the erection of large-span shells of unique buildings. These include the steel framed dome of the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia, which has the largest unsupported span for structures of this class (310 m), large-span transformed shell of the Gazprom Arena Stadium in Saint Petersburg, and large-span shell of the Kazan Arena Stadium in Kazan, Russia. Deflections and displacements of the reference points of the steel pyramid were determined for the Opening Ceremony at the Kazan Arena Stadium. The paper also presents the methods for determining the parameters of deformations during the construction of the Rhythmic Gymnastics Center in Luzhniki, metro lines in Moscow, and Kashirskaya–Karacharovo section of the Moscow ring railroad. Measurement methods have been developed and implemented for all these facilities.Conclusion. The above measurement methods are successfully used to determine horizontal displacements and deflections for monitoring the deformations of buildings and structures, which increases their reliability and safety during construction and operation.

Improve quality of patient care for systemic lupus erythematosus in China by enhancing the construction of Centers of Excellence.

Improve quality of patient care for systemic lupus erythematosus in China by enhancing the construction of Centers of Excellence.

Modeling of Traffic Information and Services for the Traffic Control Center in Autonomous Vehicle-Mixed Traffic Situations

Achieving fully autonomous driving requires seamless collaboration between advanced autonomous driving and road infrastructure technologies. As the proportion of autonomous vehicles (AVs) increases, challenges may arise from their insufficient knowledge of the behavior of traffic objects and inability to effectively drive short distances. Therefore, traffic control centers that can proactively control these issues in real time are essential. In this study, first, the terminology is defined and the types of AV-mixed Traffic Information that a traffic control center needs to efficiently collect, store, and analyze to accommodate the coexistence of AVs and conventional vehicles are identified. Second, a generic notation for an AV-mixed Traffic Information model is defined and the results of modeling each AV-mixed Traffic Information type are presented. Third, an AV-mixed Traffic Information services model that included the names, operations, input/output messages, and relationships of all services is suggested. Finally, the importance of the service functionalities is evaluated through a survey. This study will serve as an initial guideline for the design, construction, and operation of traffic control centers and will help proactively address issues that may arise from the interaction between AVs and conventional vehicles on the road. Moreover, it contributes to identifying the types of traffic information and services that traffic control centers must provide in the era of AV-mixed traffic and suggests future directions for analysis and utilization of traffic information.

Analytical Assessment of the Tourist Market Infrastructure (The Case of Republic of North Ossetia-Alania)

The paper analyzes the problems of developing the infrastructure of the tourist market of the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania to increase the tourist flow to the region. The aim of the study was to find weaknesses and potential for the development of the region as a tourist destination. Based on the analysis, a number of conclusions were formulated. The COVID-19 epidemic, as well as the sanctions imposed in 2022, created favorable conditions for the development of domestic tourism, including in the region. The strong side for attracting tourists is the development of various tourist routes and excursions, the preparation of highly qualified guides, the creation of art objects. However, the weak point is the level of creation and operation of infrastructure facilities. In terms of the development of accommodation facilities in the region, a number of works have been done on the construction and modernization of hotels, recreation centers and guest houses, but no more than 10-15% of them meet the modern requirements of the tourism business. Also, the specific infrastructure of certain types of tourism remains poorly developed: ski slopes, lifts, diving equipment, etc. In terms of marketing and promotion of the tourist product, the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania has been included in the Pearls of the Caucasus railway route since 2023, however, this cruise trip can reach no more than 3,000 people per season. A less significant but important factor was the development of mobile applications that make it easier for tourists to navigate, as well as book and pay for accommodation. Nevertheless, in order to diversify tourist services, it would be necessary to organize various events that demonstrate local national features of culture and life. However, all of the above without investing in the development of hotel and transport infrastructure will not allow the tourist destination of North Ossetia-Alania to become competitive.