Construction In Brazil Research Articles

Study of the mechanical properties of the hot dip galvanized steel and galvalume®

Steel sheet coated with zinc or 55%Al-Zn is widely used at the civil construction, mainly for roofing and cladding applications. The 55%Al-Zn coated steel shows mechanical properties slightly different from zinc coated steel, even under the same heat cycle processing, due to the higher molten metal temperature and also to the higher strength of the 55%Al-Zn coating. The knowledge of those differences can be used by the final users to evaluate if some of those products are not suitable for any specific application. Although those two coated products are widely used at the civil construction in Brazil, only a limited literature is available on the difference between the mechanical properties of those products. Through tensile tests of commercial grade samples - as coated and after removing the coating - the aim of this paper is to evaluate the mechanical properties (tensile strength, yield strength, total elongation and hardening coefficient) and also how much the coating influences the mechanical properties of the zinc and 55%Al-Zn coated steel. The 55%Al-Zn coated steel showed higher yield and tensile strength and lower total elongation and hardening coefficient compared to zinc coated steel and the coating showed a significant influence on the mechanical properties of both products.

Political Struggle, Ideology, and State Building: Pernambuco and the Construction of Brazil, 1817–1850. By Jeffrey C. Mosher. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2008. Pp. xi, 344. Maps. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.

Political Struggle, Ideology, and State Building: Pernambuco and the Construction of Brazil, 1817–1850. By Jeffrey C. Mosher. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2008. Pp. xi, 344. Maps. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth. - Volume 66 Issue 2

Political Struggle, Ideology, and State Building: Pernambuco and the Construction of Brazil, 1817–1850. By Jeffrey C. Mosher. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2008. Pp. xi, 344. Maps. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.

Political Struggle, Ideology, and State Building: Pernambuco and the Construction of Brazil, 1817–1850. By Jeffrey C. Mosher. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2008. Pp. xi, 344. Maps. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth.

Dengue, related to rubble and building construction in Brazil

The fast-growing formation of solid waste, resulting from demographic density, presents itself as one of the most pressing problems to be addressed by governments of large cities all over the world. In Rio de Janeiro, 60% of solid waste stems from the construction industry. Although envisaged by under current municipal legislation, no application of policy regarding systematic recycling of this kind of waste exists in fact. Both sanitation experts and epidemiologists highlight that the deficient sanitary system contributes to the growth of endemic breeding sites, which may reach epidemic proportions. In Brazil, over the recent years, there has been an increase of Dengue Fever cases followed by deaths. In the first half of 2008, the State of Rio de Janeiro was plagued by an intense Dengue epidemic. The city of Rio de Janeiro alone accounted for 48.7% of the cases, in absolute values. By drawing upon an analytical method based on the interrelation between health and sanitation, the outcomes herein indicate that the city of Rio de Janeiro bears a direct relation between Dengue incidence rates and rubble formation from construction - measured by the total area built. Thus, there is a strong urge to implement recycling systems out of construction rubble as a sanitation measure in order to promote Dengue incidence reduction.

Political struggle, ideology, and state building: Pernambuco and the construction of Brazil, 1817-1850

Introduction 1. The Portuguese Empire in the Age of Revolution: Pernambuco, 1817 2. Independence, Regional Rebellion, and the Struggle over the State, 1820-1831 3. Liberal Reforms and the Resort to Arms, 1831-1835 4. Social Control and the Construction of a Centralized State: The Regresso 5. Political Organization: Pernambuco's Southern Elite and its Rivals, 1836-1843 6. The Centralized State and Political Polarization, 1844-1847 7. Political Parties, Popular Mobilization, and the Portuguese 8. The Praieira Revolution, 1848-1850 Conclusion

Secondary WWTP preceded by UASB reactors - an excellent Brazilian experience

Anaerobic treatment, such as the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket - UASB - has many advantages: a compact system, with practically no equipment in the anaerobic vessel, low operational costs, very low energy consumption, and low excess sludge produced. However, taking into account its poor effluent quality, and the legal water quality standards, post treatment is a must. Brazil is experiencing the scheme UASB plus aerobic secondary treatment, aiming reduction in investment and mainly in operational costs, with excellent results. Three cases are discussed in this paper: two small plants, Barreto (0,14 m3/s) and Itaipu (0.07 m3/s, 1.6 MGD); and the Rio Preto plant (1.34 m3/s), the first two already operational. All adopt the UASB plus activated sludge process, the last two with denitrification. Several other important plants are in the stage of design or construction in Brazil, with flows as high as 3.35 m3/s, UASB plus activated sludge with nitrogen and phosphorus removal and UASB plus trickling filters. Design criteria for the anaerobic reactor and for the different secondary treatment processes, and available operational data as well, are discussed in the paper. Particular attention is given to special restraints with activated sludge as post treatment, such as the higher sludge age required for nitrification, and the difficulty in denitrifying the anaerobic effluent.

O subsetor de edificações da construção civil no Brasil: uma análise comparativa em relação à União Europeia e aos Estados Unidos

O artigo tem como objetivo principal comparar o desempenho da construção europeia e da norte-americana, tomadas como benchmarking internacional, em relação à situação brasileira, de modo a identificar possíveis ações que contribuam para diminuir as diferenças de desempenho. Descreve-se, de modo sucinto, como a Construção Civil brasileira se insere no contexto econômico do país e são discutidos quais os principais problemas enfrentados e os desafios futuros. Ao mesmo tempo, pretende iniciar a discussão acerca das possíveis soluções para estes problemas. É traçado, também, um breve panorama da Construção Civil na União Europeia, os desafios e problemas a serem enfrentados hoje e nos próximos anos. Apresentam-se, sucintamente, estudos que debatem tais problemas, apontando caminhos e possíveis soluções. Em relação aos EUA, procura-se caracterizar a atual situação da construção civil, tendo como premissa a mesma apresentação feita para o Brasil e a União Europeia. Portanto, busca-se proporcionar um nivelamento da situação, importância, problemas e possíveis soluções para a Construção Civil dentre os três países. Assim, é possível tecer comparações entre os três, permitindo opções para as situações onde a Construção Civil brasileira esteja em desvantagem frente aos EUA e à UE.

The Role of Modernists in the Establishment of Brazilian Cultural Heritage

The question of heritage was unavoidable for architects charged with the construction of Brazil's national identity in the first half of the twentieth century. Modern architects formed the National Service for Historic and Artistic Heritage (SPHAN) in 1937, with the purpose of displacing both academics and neocolonialists from the official role of defining Brazilian architecture. Modernists took this moment to distance themselves from the historical emulation of the past and to instead propose a strict stylistic contrast that valorized historical architecture by establishing a continuity on a different formal plane. This essay traces the Brazilian architectural quarrels between the academic, neocolonial, and modern currents for the state commissions that transformed Rio de Janeiro, the federal capital, in the 1930s and 1940s. The article focuses on SPHAN's early emphasis on the designation of eighteenth-century colonial architecture and the correlation that its director for architecture, Lucio Costa, drew between colonial buildings and the tenets of modern architecture, eventually establishing a new idea of preservation that valued heritage as the source of an autochthonous modernism.

Indicadores sociais e de saúde para a operacionalização da vigilância à saúde

A Vigilância da Saúde é um modelo tecno-assistencial em construção no Brasil. Para sua efetivação, é necessário que os profissionais de saúde sejam instrumentalizados para a captação e apreensão dos perfis sociais e de saúde-doença das populações. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar e classificar informações relativas a indicadores sociais e de saúde, disponíveis na Internet para ser utilizado pelos trabalhadores de saúde. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica realizada em diversas bases de dados. Os resultados mostram a existência de uma ampla gama de informações relativas a indicadores de saúde disponíveis na Internet. Contudo, estas informações são instrumentos limitados para os trabalhadores de saúde, pois o nível de agregação e a centralidade na morbi-mortalidade dificultam sua utilização dentro da proposta de Vigilância da Saúde. Conclui-se que é muito importante que resultados de pesquisa com base em indicadores sociais e de saúde sejam disponibilizados na Internet.

Teoria e prática em economia solidária: problemática, desafios e vocação

This text explores, at first, the conceptual dimension about the subject, especially the richness that is inside an anthropologic view about the theme, under what are exposed the possibilities provided in a re-signification of sense in economic acting in society. In the sequence, the subject of solidarity economy is faced as a field of practices under construction in Brazil. At this moment, emerge the speech about the different modalities of self-organizations social-economics and politics. The emphasis, at this time, is over some troubles and challenges that cross this field, specially the questions related to the actual possibilities of creating sustainable territorial development and to be an effective alternative to the predominant way of development closed to the concepts of business market. At the end, the focus is over the fundamental vocation of such practices, inside their origin concepts, exploring the essence of an idea of another economy that is associated at this theme.

Celso Furtado and the Resumption of Construction in Brazil

An analysis of Lula's economic and social policy during his first term (2003—2006) shows the degree to which Celso Furtado's predictions about the outcome of market fundamentalism in Latin America and the direction of the Lula government in Brazil have materialized. Faced with the daunting task of administering Cardoso's legacy of massive indebtedness, Lula's priority was to ensure debt-service payments and gain international credibility by strictly following the prescriptions of the old and the new or revised Washington Consensus, thus breaking his promise of a social transformation with a new development model. The central question now is whether a second Lula administration (2007—2010) will represent a transition to a national strategy capable of producing economic growth with social inclusion. Furtado's structuralist insights provide the basis for the elaboration and implementation of an alternative development project for the country and the region at large.

Sobre a revisão da norma brasileira de projeto de estruturas de aço e estruturas mistas de aço e concreto, a NBR 8800

Esse artigo apresenta, inicialmente, um breve histórico dos trabalhos de revisão da norma brasileira de projeto de estruturas de aço e mistas de aço e concreto, que culminaram no projeto de norma de setembro de 2006, denominado aqui de PR NBR 8800:2006. Em seguida, procura fornecer as bases utilizadas na produção do PR NBR 8800:2006, as diretrizes fundamentais seguidas e as principais mudanças ocorridas em relação à norma em vigência, datada de 1986. Finalmente, procura destacar a importância de se ter uma norma atualizada para o avanço consistente da construção metálica no Brasil.

What is new in the ‘south’? Consumer culture and the vicissitudes of poor youth’s identity construction in urban Brazil

This study analyses the specificities of youth identity construction in Brazil in the context of global transformations and the particularities of the Brazilian model of development. Poor urban Brazilian youngsters’ demands to consume, as a ‘mode of inclusion’ in society, achieve short-term gains that narrow down prospective visions of the self. A ‘logic of survival’ hypothesis is proposed to account for the process of identity construction whereby encapsulated and rigid, rather than hybridized and creative, identities are constituted. The hypothesis is illustrated with a discussion of the cases of the drug dealer, the religious fanatic and the labourer. New cultural forms of consumer culture also convey claims for recognition and justice, shown by the musical expressions coming from the peripheries of big cities. It remains to be seen whether musical and artistic expressions, as possible factors that can enhance self-respect and group solidarity among poor youth, will not be consumed just as a new item of the culture industry.

Modernism and National Identity in Brazil, or How to Brew a Brazilian Stew

In the first half of the twentieth century, the second discovery of Brazil aimed to couple political independence with cultural emancipation, and demanded the invention of an authentic Brazilian tradition to serve as the basis of an autonomous modern Brazilian art. The quest for modernity was parallel to an intensified quest for brasilidade, emphasising all things that differentiate Brazilian culture from European culture. National identity was defined as rooted in race mixing, a cultural amalgamation of the European with the tropical. This article explores the strategies of Brasilianisation that Brazilian Modernist artists applied to their construction of Brazil's national heritage and their assimilation of Modernist cosmopolitan artistic trends.

Ciência e nação: romantismo e história natural na obra de E. J. da Silva Maia

The works of physician and naturalist Emílio Joaquim da Silva Maia (1808-59) can be viewed as a scientific project that discovers Brazil and its inhabitants. Maia's nationalism and his romantic view of nature formed the underpinnings of his scientific theories, especially his studies on zoological geography. He subordinated the issue of the biological specificity of different regions of the world to his era's debates on the construction of Brazil as an independent nation. In his interpretations of European natural history, Maia endeavored to understand Brazilian nature as a specific achievement of the Cosmos, in keeping with Alexander von Humboldt's approach.

The challenges of steel construction in Brazil

The challenges of steel construction in Brazil

Ethanol from lignocellulosic wastes with utilization of recombinant bacteria.

This article presents the advanced technology that has been developed by BioEnergy International of Gainesville, Florida, utilizing novel recombinant strains of bacteria developed by Lonnie Ingram of the University of Florida. The first commercial applications of these unique fermenting organisms convert 5-carbon sugars, as well as 6-carbon sugars, and oligomers of cellulose (e.g., cellobiose and cellotriose) directly to ethanol. The proposed systems that will be utilized for conversion of agricultural wastes, mixed waste papers, and pulp and paper mill waste in forthcoming commercial installations are now under design. This involves the extensive experience of Raphael Katzen Associates International, Inc. in acid hydrolysis, enzyme production, enzymatic hydrolysis, large-scale fermentation engineering, and distillation/dehydration. Specific examples of this advanced technology will be presented in different applications, namely: 1. Conversion of the hemicellulose content of sugar cane bagasse to 5-carbon sugars by mild-acid prehydrolysis, followed by fermentation of the 5-carbon sugar extract with recombinant Escherichia coli in a commercial installation soon to be under construction in Brazil. This unique process utilizes the surplus hemicellulose fraction of bagasse not required for steam and power generation to produce ethanol, additional to that from the original can juice, which has been converted by conventional sucrose fermentation to ethanol. The process also recovers and converts to ethanol the majority of sucrose normally lost with the bagasse fibers. Resultant beer is enriched in an innovative process to eliminate the need for incremental rectification capacity. 2. Application of this technology to mixed waste paper in Florida, with a moderate loading of newsprint (85% mechanical wood fiber), will involve a mild-acid prehydrolysis, the partial extraction of the 5-carbon sugars produced from hemicellulose as a feedstock for propagation of the recombinant Klebsiella oxytoca bacterium. Included is a facility providing for in-house production of cellulase enzyme, as an active whole broth for direct use in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of the remaining cellulose and residual 5-carbon sugars to ethanol. This is followed by distillation and dehydration in the advanced commercially available low-energy recovery system. 3. Another potential application of this unique technology involves utilization of a variety of wastes from several pulp and paper mills in close proximity, permitting collection of these wastes at low cost and reducing the considerable cost encountered in disposing of such low-energy wet waste.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Stabilization systems for excavations in rock masses: Results obtained in railway tunnels under construction in Brazil : Gitelman, M; Martins, A R Proc 4th Congress International Society for Rock Mechanics, Montreux, 2–8 Sept 1979, Vol 1, P417–424. Publ Rotterdam, A A Balkema, 1979

Stabilization systems for excavations in rock masses: Results obtained in railway tunnels under construction in Brazil : Gitelman, M; Martins, A R Proc 4th Congress International Society for Rock Mechanics, Montreux, 2–8 Sept 1979, Vol 1, P417–424. Publ Rotterdam, A A Balkema, 1979