Analogous Construction Research Articles

Використання графічних 3D-зображень облич для експрес-діагностування та побудови біомедичних засобів

The article discusses the use of graphic images for rapid diagnosis and the construction of biomedical software. Diagnostic features of morphological analysis of images of the human face for plastic and reconstructive operations are determined. The use of 3D images for the diagnosis of genetic diseases is considered. Recommendations for the use of three-dimensional modeling in this field have been developed. The use of morphing of 3D images of the human face for diagnostic tasks is proposed. A method of analyzing the compliance of age-related changes in the child's development with established norms based on the use of image morphing is proposed, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of express diagnosis. The main requirements for the construction of software analogs of biomedical devices using 3-D models are defined, which is the basis for the construction of computerized modern bimedical devices and systems.

Construction, photophysical properties, structure-activity relationship, and applications of fluorescein analogs

The investigation on the construction strategy, relationship between the structure and photophysical properties of fluorescein analogs plays an important role in the rational design of specific fluorescent dyes. In this work, a fluorescein analog Fc-1, containing a reactive aldehyde group was prepared using 2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) as the raw material and Vilsmeier–Haack reaction mechanism. Meanwhile, two more fluorescein analogs Fc-2 and Fc-3 were synthesized based on Fc-1 and the Knoevenagel reaction mechanism. The results of Fc-1 indicated that the yield of Fc-1 was higher than 95% after a step of the low-temperature hydrolysis (40 °C) from an intermediate imine salt DCF-3. The fluorescence quantum yield (Φ) of Fc-1 was relatively high in polar protic solvents, even in H2O (Φ = 0.25). Fc-1 had large Stokes shifts in different solvents (≧ 123 nm), which was indentified by the Gaussian calculation of Fc-1. Meanwhile, Fc-1 was also used as a ratio and colorimetric fluorescent probe for H2S in vitro, and the dianion ([Fc-1-2H]2-) mechanism for detecting H2S was proposed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), pH titration, and Gaussian calculation. Additionally, Fc-1 can be used in leukocyte classification because of its relatively high Φ in water, cell permeability, and cytotoxicity. All the data of dyes Fc-2 and Fc-3 indicated that the derivatization of the carboxyl group for Fc-2 did not affect the photophysical properties of Fc-2. Both of them had relatively large Stokes shifts and long emission wavelengths. The large Stokes shift of Fc-2 and Fc-3 was due to the distribution of electron clouds in the excited states of Fc-2 and Fc-3. The results of pH titration proved that dyes Fc-2 and Fc-3 were sensitive to the changes in pH and exhibited their potentials as pH probes. Thus, the strategy of constructing fluorescent dyes based on Vilsmeier–Haack and Knoevenagel reactions and the relationship between structure and properties will be beneficial to developing more dyes with large Stokes shift.

An extension of holonomic sequences: C2-finite sequences

Holonomic sequences are widely studied as many objects interesting to mathematicians and computer scientists are in this class. In the univariate case, these are the sequences satisfying linear recurrences with polynomial coefficients and also referred to as D-finite sequences. A subclass are C-finite sequences satisfying a linear recurrence with constant coefficients.We investigate the set of sequences which satisfy linear recurrence equations with coefficients that are C-finite sequences and call them C2-finite sequences. These sequences are a natural generalization of holonomic sequences. In this paper, we show that C2-finite sequences form a difference ring and provide methods to compute in this ring.Furthermore, we provide an analogous construction for D2-finite sequences, i.e., sequences satisfying a linear recurrence with holonomic coefficients. We show that these constructions can be iterated and obtain an increasing chain of difference rings.

Building Chemical Probes Based on the Natural Products YM-254890 and FR900359: Advances toward Scalability.

The biological activity of natural products YM-254890 (YM) and FR900359 (FR) has led to significant interest in both their synthesis and the construction of more simplified analogs. While the simplified analogs lose much of the potency of the natural products, they are of interest in their own right, and their synthesis has revealed synthetic barriers to the family of molecules that need to be addressed if a scalable synthesis of YM and FR analogs is to be constructed. In the work described here, a synthetic route to simplified analogs of YM is examined and strategies for circumventing some of the challenges inherent to constructing the molecules are forwarded.

Polyhedral products over finite posets

Polyhedral products were defined by Bahri, Bendersky, Cohen, and Gitler, to be spaces obtained as unions of certain product spaces indexed by the simplices of an abstract simplicial complex. In this paper, we give a very general homotopy theoretic construction of polyhedral products over arbitrary pointed posets. We show that under certain restrictions on the poset P, which include all known cases, the cohomology of the resulting spaces can be computed as an inverse limit over P of the cohomology of the building blocks. This motivates the definition of an analogous algebraic construction—the polyhedral tensor product. We show that for a large family of posets, the cohomology of the polyhedral product is given by the polyhedral tensor product. We then restrict attention to polyhedral posets, a family of posets that includes face posets of simplicial complexes, and simplicial posets, as well as many others. We define the Stanley–Reisner ring of a polyhedral poset and show that, as in the classical cases, these rings occur as the cohomology of certain polyhedral products over the poset in question. For any pointed poset P, we construct a simplicial poset s(P), and show that if P is a polyhedral poset, then polyhedral products over P coincide up to homotopy with the corresponding polyhedral products over s(P).

Correlators on the wall and sln spin chain

We study algebras and correlation functions of local operators at half-BPS interfaces engineered by the stacks of D5 or NS5 branes in the 4D N=4 super Yang–Mills. The operator algebra in this sector is isomorphic to a truncation of the Yangian Y(gln). The correlators, encoded in a trace on the Yangian, are controlled by the inhomogeneous sln spin chain, where n is the number of fivebranes: they are given in terms of matrix elements of transfer matrices associated with Verma modules or, equivalently, of products of Baxter’s Q-operators. This can be viewed as a novel connection between the N=4 super Yang–Mills and integrable spin chains. We also remark on analogous constructions involving half-BPS Wilson lines.

Construction of rice protein-based meat analogues by extruding process: Effect of substitution of soy protein with rice protein on dynamic energy, appearance, physicochemical, and textural properties of meat analogues

Meat analogues are garnering significant attention as future food and a sustainable diet. This study demonstrates the possibility of using rice protein (RP) to create new meat analogues. Various RP substitution ratios [0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 % (w/w)] for soy protein (SP) were used to prepare the meat analogues based on a low-moisture extrusion cooking. The effect of its ratio on the meat quality characteristics was investigated via specific mechanical energy, expansion ratio, piece density, true density, porosity, water absorption capacity, rehydration kinetics, and texture profile (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and resilience). The use of RP decreased some values (specific mechanical energy, porosity, expansion ratio, water absorption capacity, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and resilience) while increasing others (piece density, true density, and hardness) depending on its substitution ratio. Three different models (Peleg, Weibull, and exponential) were used to describe the rehydration kinetics of the samples, and the Weibull model was the best-fitted one. Finally, twelve polynomial equations with RP mixing ratios (0–100 %) as variables were developed to predict the quality characteristics of meat analogues. These results suggested that RP can substitute the typical SP as an expansion or texture modifier in the production of SP-based meat analogue products, and a portion of SP (≤75 %, w/w) can be substituted with RP in the production of meat analogue products. Still, the full RP substitution was impossible due to the low porosity of the resulting meat analogue.

Spectral theory of diffusion in partially absorbing media

A probabilistic framework for studying single-particle diffusion in partially absorbing media has recently been developed in terms of an encounter-based approach. The latter computes the joint probability density (generalized propagator) for particle position X t and a Brownian functional U t that specifies the amount of time the particle is in contact with a reactive component M . Absorption occurs as soon as U t crosses a randomly distributed threshold (stopping time). Laplace transforming the propagator with respect to U t leads to a classical boundary value problem (BVP) in which the reactive component has a constant rate of absorption z , where z is the corresponding Laplace variable. Hence, a crucial step in the encounter-based approach is finding the inverse Laplace transform. In the case of a reactive boundary ∂ M , this can be achieved by solving a classical Robin BVP in terms of the spectral decomposition of a Dirichlet-to-Neumann (D-to-N) operator on ∂ M . In this paper, we develop the analogous construction in the case of a reactive substrate M . In particular, we show that the Laplace transformed propagator can be computed in terms of the spectral decomposition of a pair of D-to-N operators on ∂ M . However, inverting the Laplace transform with respect to z is considerably more involved. We illustrate the theory by considering the D-to-N operators for some simple geometries.

Highly efficient and selective cesium recovery from natural brine resources using mesoporous Prussian blue analogs synthesized by ionic liquid-assisted strategy

The selective and efficient cesium recovery from natural brines resources is a significant and challenging issue. Here we reported a green method for the facile construction of mesoporous Prussian blue analogs (PB) through an ionic liquid-assisted strategy and used for cesium recovery from salt lake brines and geothermal water. The unique nanostructures endowed this mesoporous PB with the improved cesium adsorption capacity (548.7 mg/g), which was 1.5-times as that of conventional PB (362.8 mg/g), placing it at the top level of cesium adsorbents. The adsorption experiments in salt lake brines and geothermal water were conducted and the adsorption efficiency of Cs+ exceeded 90%, while those for other co-existing cations were <4.2%, demonstrating its favorable selectivity in cesium recovery from multicomponent aqueous solutions. The benign adsorption performance and adsorption-desorption stability make it a potential candidate for the sustainable recovery of cesium from different kinds of Cs-containing water resources.

A systematic construction of integrable delay-difference and delay-differential analogues of soliton equations

We propose a systematic method for constructing integrable delay-difference and delay-differential analogues of known soliton equations such as the Lotka–Volterra, Toda lattice (TL), and sine-Gordon equations and their multi-soliton solutions. It is carried out by applying a reduction and delay-differential limit to the discrete KP or discrete two-dimensional TL equations. Each of the delay-difference and delay-differential equations has the N-soliton solution, which depends on the delay parameter and converges to an N-soliton solution of a known soliton equation as the delay parameter approaches 0.

Chemical Synthesis of an HIV-1 Protease Analog with Some Amides in a Polypeptide Main Chain Replaced by Disulfide Bonds

Abstract In this paper, we describe the chemical synthesis of a large artificial protein human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease (HIV-1 PR) analog with a 115-mer polypeptide chain on which some amide bonds in the main chain have been replaced by disulfide bonds. In this synthesis, a new 3-nitro-2-pyridine (Npy)-sulfenylation agent Npys-OPh(pF), which can form an active disulfide by reaction with a t-Bu protected cysteine residue, was found to be applicable to the efficient and sequential disulfide ligation producing disulfide polypeptides. Two sequential disulfide ligations in three peptide fragments were accomplished for the construction of an HIV-1 PR disulfide analog. In the Trp-containing fragment 2, mesitylenesulfonyl (Mts) protection avoided a side reaction of Npys-OPh(pF), probably at an indole residue. The HIV-1 PR disulfide analog was successfully synthesized from fragment 1 with an isolated yield of 11% by two disulfide ligations of the fragments and the final Mts deprotection of the Trp residue.

Mean hitting time formula for positive maps

In the classical theory of Markov chains, one may study the mean time to reach some chosen state, and it is well-known that in the irreducible, finite case, such quantity can be calculated in terms of the fundamental matrix of the walk, as stated by the mean hitting time formula. In this work, we present an analogous construction for the setting of irreducible, positive, trace preserving maps. The reasoning on positive maps generalizes recent results given for quantum Markov chains, a class of completely positive maps acting on graphs, presented by S. Gudder. The tools employed in this work are based on a proper choice of block matrices of operators, inspired in part by recent work on Schur functions for closed operators on Banach spaces, due to F. A. Grünbaum and one of the authors. The problem at hand is motivated by questions on quantum information theory, most particularly the study of quantum walks, and provides a basic context on which statistical aspects of quantum evolutions on finite graphs can be expressed in terms of the fundamental matrix, which turns out to be an useful generalized inverse associated with the dynamics. As a consequence of the wide generality of the mean hitting time formula found in this paper, we have obtained extensions of the classical version, either by assuming only the knowledge of the probabilistic distribution for the initial state, or by enlarging the arrival state to a subset of states.

Chlorine-based non-covalent graphene analog on Cu(111)

Advanced fabrication of specific graphene analogs on surfaces will facilitate the exploitation of unexplored physical properties that may enrich their potential applications in the future, and the quest for graphene analogs has expanded from covalent graphene analogs to non-covalent ones. Previously, artificial non-covalent molecular graphene has been assembled by atomic manipulation, which, however, is a technical challenge and extremely limits the creation of non-covalent graphene analogs over a large area. Herein, we achieve the fabrication of a chlorine(Cl)-based non-covalent graphene analog stabilized by copper(Cu) adatoms on Cu(111) through an easy-to-facilitate self-assembly approach, as demonstrated by the combination of scanning tunneling microscopy imaging and density functional theory calculations. Moreover, the Cu adatoms are found to uniformly distribute within such a non-covalent graphene analog, which is inaccessible for covalent ones and shows potential for stabilizing the non-covalent graphene analog as well as modulating its overall electronic properties. Such findings exemplify the construction of non-covalent graphene analogs with a large area by a more effective self-assembled approach in contrast to the previous atomic manipulation method.

A Nonzero Sequence All of Whose Discrete Moments Are Equal to Zero

We describe a general method to construct a sequence whose discrete moments satisfy for all values of the exponent. We focus on a specific example, but a vast set of analogous constructions is possible.

Computer-aided design and manufacture of a milled Twin-block: Workflow and use in a clinical patient. Have we entered the digital era?

• CAD/CAM technology was used to design and build a Twin-block appliance. • The mandibular advancement needed was simulated digitally using a virtual articulator. • This article shows a successful example of a milled twin-block fabrication and use. This article aimed to describe the fabrication and clinical use of a milled Twin-block with an expansion screw using intraoral scanning and digital bite registration without an analog impression or construction bite. Computer-aided design and manufacturing technology was used to design and build the appliance. The mandibular advancement needed was simulated digitally using a virtual articulator. The appliance was milled, and the metal components, including a prefabricated expansion screw, were inserted manually after the milling process had been completed. The Twin-block was used to treat a 9-year-old girl presenting an Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion, a deepbite, and an overjet of 10 mm. The accurate fitting and activation of the computer-aided design and manufacturing appliance, the biocompatibility of the material used, and the achieved clinical outcome indicate that everyday orthodontic functional appliance therapy has entered a new era.

Kramers-Wannier-like Duality Defects in (3+1)D Gauge Theories.

We introduce a class of noninvertible topological defects in (3+1)D gauge theories whose fusion rules are the higher-dimensional analogs of those of the Kramers-Wannier defect in the (1+1)D critical Ising model. As in the lower-dimensional case, the presence of such noninvertible defects implies self-duality under a particular gauging of their discrete (higher-form) symmetries. Examples of theories with such a defect include SO(3) Yang-Mills (YM) at θ=π, N=1 SO(3) super YM, and N=4 SU(2) super YM at τ=i. We also introduce an analogous construction in (2+1)D, and give a number of examples in Chern-Simons-matter theories.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ОТРАСЛИ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ ЛОГИСТИКИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПАНДЕМИИ И РОСТА E-COMMERCE

The article traces the chain of factors leading to an increase in delivery rates. A comprehensive description of the transport industry in Russia in the context of a pandemic and accelerated growth of e-commerce, factors influencing the industry, including government actions, is given. Recommendations have been developed to improve the current situation. The prevailing methods of analysis are: construction of analogies, information analysis, synthesis, comparison. An assessment of the impact of coronavirus infection on the situation of the transport industry is given, a comparison with 2019 is made. The current situation of transport in the Russian industry is twofold: traffic volumes are growing, the consequences of the pandemic are being eliminated, at the same time the situation is complicated by the shortage of semiconductors and the tense political situation around Russia. The authors call for more active measures of state support for the industry.

Base-mediated [3 + 2]-cycloannulation strategy for the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives using (E)-β-iodovinyl sulfones.

Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines continue to occupy a special place in medicinal chemistry, but the direct construction of 3-sulfonyl analogues remains unexplored. Under basic conditions, pyridinium-N-amine and the corresponding dipolar aminide played a vibrant role in [3 + 2]-cycloaddition using (E)-β-iodovinyl sulfones. K2CO3-mediated tandem cycloannulative-desulfonylation of (E)-β-iodovinyl sulfones with 1-aminopyridinium iodide is realized to access 2-substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines in good to high yields. An essential modification of the dipolar N-tosylpyridinium imide allows the first preparative synthesis of 3-sulfonyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines in moderate to high yields. Of note, the metal-free protocol features a broad substrate scope with good functional group tolerance and compatibility. The efficacy of the process was proved with gram-scale reactions, and a plausible mechanism is also presented based on concrete results.

Interim results of US President Donald Trump's tenure from 2017 to 2020

The subject of the study is the analysis of the results of Donald Trump's tenure as president in the period from 2017 to 2020. The object of the study is the crisis of the political system and its impact on the domestic policy of President Donald Trump in the period from 2017 to 2020. The main purpose of the work is to study the activities of the non-systemic President of the United States of America Donald Trump in the period 2017-2020 to analyze the beginning of the deepening crisis of the American political system. In this work, the author used such methods as analysis, synthesis of information from documents, methods of generalization and construction of analogies to formulate conclusions, general scientific methods of induction and deduction, problem-chronological and comparative-historical methods. В The scientific novelty of this study is due to a new source base. Firstly, the research paper shows more fully than in other works of Russian authors the factors that led the United States of America to the beginning of a deep crisis of the American political system. Secondly, for the first time, a qualitative analysis of Donald Trump's populist views was carried out. Thirdly, on the basis of the studied material, an independent forecast of the prospects for the re-election of Donald Trump for a second presidential term has been compiled. The results of the conducted research prove that: to date, no alternative way out of the crisis state of the political system has been found. On the basis of an independent study, the factors that influenced the deepening of the crisis of the US political system have been identified. The deepening of the crisis of the American political system was caused by intraparty division based on the ideological polarity of the Democratic and Republican parties, the populist position of Donald Trump expressed in the growing authoritarianism of the presidential power, the free internal political will of the president-elect, the inability of the president-elect to find optimal political mechanisms for solving domestic and foreign policy issues.

Trajektoria tonalno-harmoniczna jako wyraz archetypu narracyjnego unii mistycznej w twórczości Charles’a Tournemire’a i Aleksandra Skriabina

The subject of the article is a comparison of the process of transformations of the tonal-harmonic structure in the works of Alexander Scriabin and Charles Tournemire in relation to the narrative archetype of the mystical union. The justification for comparing these aspects of the work of these two composers is their development of a similar harmonic idiom, which they used to symbolically justify diametrically opposed worldviews. Scriabin’s work is considered a breakthrough for European music culture, whereas Tournemire’s is still little known. Just as the former assumed the role of composer-philosopher, the latter became a musical theologian. Tournemire, organist of the St. Clotilde basilica in Paris, initiated the tradition of musical homiletics, in which the central persuasive element, similar to the Gospel parable, was the musical narrative trajectory. Its climax was the mystical chord. However, a comparative analysis of harmonic structures, topics, narrative trajectories, shows the limits of semantization that differentiates aesthetic postulates and analogous narrative constructions, the nodal moment of which are created by the union of polarization elements.