Design Construction Research Articles

Methodological principles of the formation of creative thinking in thE Bauhaus higher school of construction and art design

Methodological principles of the formation of creative thinking in thE Bauhaus higher school of construction and art design

Innovation and digitalization in construction: new opportunities and challenges for investors and businesses

The article discusses the features of innovation and the possibilities of digitalization, which are extremely important for investors and enterprises. As the authors point out, the construction industry resists technological changes and produces a large amount of useless energy; “green” innovations should compensate for these shortcomings. The emergence of new and powerful digital transformations has provided the construction industry with a lot of opportunities. Along with the industrial revolution and the modernization of technology, all industries are changing their traditional ways of working and managing. However, the developing construction industry is lagging far behind this technological transformation. Traditional methods of design and operation have become obstacles in the process of its transformation. The construction industry has played an indispensable role in the economic growth of countries over the past decades, but now it must keep up with the times. Recently, industrial enterprises have begun to introduce new concepts, such as digital construction and parametric design. However, there is still no assessment of the effectiveness of digital reform at construction enterprises.

Supporting activities in public infrastructure projects that benefit most from ECI: Focus on the design sub-phase

Complex infrastructure projects have an increasing need to engage contractors in the pre-construction phase. Recent studies show that the early involvement of the contractor has a positive impact on the quality of the design, safety, cost, and time.The purpose of this study is to examine the main supporting design activities in the design-subphase in the pre-construction phase and examine which of these can benefit most from ECI. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, along with 3 workshops, literature studies, and document studies. 16 design activities were identified, and it was concluded that the top three activities that could benefit most from ECI are Constructability Reviews, Operability Reviews, and Design Reviews.Results showed an overall agreement that it would be beneficial to involve contractor competence during the late design-sub phase, more precisely during the transition from late schematic to detailed design process. Results from interviews are in contrast with the literature findings, which indicate that the early conceptual phase is most beneficial as the contractor impact is highest.

Strategies for Alliance Network Configuration: Node Selection, Relationship Construction and Structural Design

Strategies for Alliance Network Configuration: Node Selection, Relationship Construction and Structural Design

Comparative analysis of different guidelines for risk classification, safety assessment and monitoring of existing bridges in Italy: A16 viaducts case-studies

Bridges are vital components of any existing infrastructure, enabling essential links for transportation and commerce. In Italy, a nation renowned for its historical bridges, the importance of proper risk classification, safety assessment and monitoring of existing structures is of paramount importance. Risk classification involves categorizing bridges into different classes based on their potential risks and deterioration levels. The fundamental purpose of risk classification is consistent across guidelines: to prioritize bridge inspections and maintenance efforts based on risk levels. Once bridges are classified according to risk, safety assessments and continuous monitoring are performed to evaluate their structural integrity and overall long-term safety. The methodologies for safety assessment can differ significantly among guidelines, highlighting the influence of regional factors, such as construction materials, design practices, and environmental conditions. However, the common goal is to ensure the safe operation of existing bridges by identifying deficiencies and prescribing necessary interventions. Monitoring techniques can range from visual inspections to advanced sensor networks and non-destructive testing methods. In Italy various guidelines and standards have been developed to address these concerns, to ensure the safety and longevity of its bridges. The actual guidelines inspections for existing bridges include those by the Italian Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (MIT), which plays a central role in setting the national guidelines and regulations for bridge safety in Italy. MIT is responsible for overseeing the safety and maintenance of publicly-owned bridges in Italy, providing a comprehensive framework for risk classification, considering factors such traffic loads, material degradation and level of defectiveness. On the other hand, other manual exist, such those provided by Autostrade per l’Italia S.p.A. (ASPI), a private company responsible for the management and maintenance of Italy’s motorway network. Both MIT and ASPI follow a risk-based approach to prioritize inspections and maintenance efforts on bridges, however, some differences and variations characterised the approaches. While the specifics may differ, the overarching goal of ensuring bridge safety and preventing catastrophic failures remains consistent. This paper aims to provide a comparative analysis of different guidelines for the risk classification, safety assessment, and monitoring of existing bridges, considering several A16 viaducts as case-studies, made of prestressed concrete, highlighting the key similarities and differences among them. The comparative analysis reveals important insight aimed to continue refining and adapting these guidelines and manuals to best serve the safety of existing bridges and the communities they support.

GCL-LLDPE geomembrane interface friction angle evaluation and stability analysis of a valley fill leach pad project

The Los Chancas mining project, initiated in 1998, is a copper mine focused on extracting copper sulfides and oxides. In 2020, a mine plan update required a review of the constructability design and an evaluation of the Permanent Leach Pad and Filtered Waste/Rock Dump's physical stability. This paper presents results from an evaluation study regarding friction angles at the liner interface and stability analysis in the VLF pad. Previously, an internal friction angle of 23° was established for the basal liner interface (LLDPE-GCL) to meet stability requirements. However, due to the high required friction angle, the pad design was updated with lower slopes. The study evaluated various GCL materials from two suppliers using direct shear tests, revealing that the GCL from the second supplier achieved a high friction angle of 22.3° at the interface. Stability analysis considered two critical sections, examining three types of failure under both static and pseudo-static conditions. Results showed a need for a minimum friction angle of 16° in static conditions and 20.5° in pseudo-static conditions to ensure compliance. These results suggest the potential use of high strength geosynthetic materials in the studied areas, with a preference for the GCL material offering the highest friction angle.

Modeling of the curvilinear motion of a vehicle with all steer wheels

Developed simulation model of the curvilinear motion of the two-axial wheel carrier with all steer wheels. The model includes the motion of the wheel carrier’s center of mass with respect to the moving coordinate system, the matrix of the directional cosines for the transition from a moving to the fixed coordinate system, the bearing and running module for the determination of the reactions in the flat spot of the wheel tire with the bearing surface area, and the mechanism for turning steer wheels. The aim is to study vehicle steerability and dexterity of the two-axial wheel carrier with all steer wheels via modeling in the MATLAB Simulink. Parameters obtained show the application effectiveness of the steering control with all steer wheels for the two-axial wheel carrier. Results obtained can be applied to the constructional design of a vehicles for the determination of the optimal parameters of a steering configuration. Developed simulation model of the vehicle can become a basis for the modeling of vehicles’ motion equipped with the control system of the air pressure in tires, track-type module, adaptive undercarriages with the robotic operating system, etc.

In vitro analysis of the three-component Rieske oxygenase cumene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas fluorescens IP01.

Rieske non-heme iron-dependent oxygenases (ROs) are a versatile group of enzymes traditionally associated with the degradation of aromatic xenobiotics. In addition, ROs have been found to play key roles in natural product biosynthesis, displaying a wide catalytic diversity with typically high regio- and stereo- selectivity. However, the detailed characterization of ROs presents formidable challenges due to their complex structural and functional properties, including their multi-component composition, cofactor dependence, and susceptibility to reactive oxygen species. In addition, the substrate availability of natural product biosynthetic intermediates, the limited solubility of aromatic hydrocarbons, and the radical-mediated reaction mechanism can further complicate functional assays. Despite these challenges, ROs hold immense potential as biocatalysts for pharmaceutical applications and bioremediation. Using cumene dioxygenase (CDO) from Pseudomonas fluorescens IP01 as a model enzyme, this chapter details techniques for characterizing ROs that oxyfunctionalize aromatic hydrocarbons. Moreover, potential pitfalls, anticipated complications, and proposed solutions for the characterization of novel ROs are described, providing a framework for future RO research and strategies for studying this enzyme class. In particular, we describe the methods used to obtain CDO, from construct design to expression conditions, followed by a purification procedure, and ultimately activity determination through various activity assays.

МОДЕЛЬ ТЕПЛО-ВЕТРОВОГО РЕЖИМА НАРУЖНЫХ СТЕН ЗДАНИЙ С ЖАЛЮЗИЙНЫМ СОЛНЦЕЗАЩИТНЫМ УСТРОЙСТВОМ

The article discusses the energy efficiency of walls with louvered sun shading devices. It has been noted that louvered façade systems with a ventilated layer are an effective means of protection from solar radiation in summer. As a result of the experimental studies carried out on building models, a number of significant thermophysical regularities were noted that determine heat and wind processes in the near-wall layer of facade systems, which can rightfully be applied in the actual design, construction and operation of objects. Prerequisites and conditions have been created for the development of a universal methodology for assessing heat and wind processes, determined by geometric and physical similarity when modeling processes in the near-wall air environment in solving architectural and structural problems of various compositions. It has been established that the effectiveness of ventilation of the wall layer of air and the first unbuilt column floor is achieved by using façade louvered sun-protection devices with an angle of inclination of their lamellas of 45° - 60° to the plane of the facade during their insolation. The energy efficiency of building walls was revealed through the use of sun-protection louver devices. Prerequisites for the architectural and construction design of external walls with louvered sun-protection devices have been determined that contribute to the formation of convective flows in the wall layer of air, which can subsequently be used for heating premises, as well as for extracting exhaust air from premises by determining the location of natural supply and exhaust openings and the operating mode of windows sashes, transoms, vents.

Asymptotical left inversion for single-input linear systems

A constructive design of a stable left inverse for single-input linear systems is proposed. Based on structural properties relating left inversion and feasibility of input reconstruction, the input observer is realized within the state-space approach, for arbitrary initial condition. While previous design is concerned with a nominal plant, that is with known parameters, we propose in a second step to apply this inversion methodology to a simplified identification problem. Reformulating the unknown parameters as a fictitious unknown input, convergent parameter estimates are retrieved from measurement. The overall methodology is illustrated by simulations.

Research on energy-saving strategies in the architectural design of the Eastern Railway in the era of artificial intelligence

Abstract This paper takes the air conditioning energy consumption in railroad building design as the main object of analysis and uses an orthogonal experimental design method to study the influencing factors and effects of energy consumption in the Middle East railroad construction design. Stochastic working condition simulation is carried out for the typical models of passenger stations in five climate zones to obtain the data set of the passenger station energy consumption model, and the multiple linear regression prediction models of air conditioning energy consumption in different regions are established. Combined with the hour-by-hour average outdoor temperature, hour-by-hour passenger flow and lighting and related equipment data in the waiting hall of a city in July, the air-conditioning cold load of railroad passenger stations is simulated and analyzed. Explore the implementation effect of energy-saving strategies for railroad passenger station air-conditioning system, and for the traditional PID control strategy, put forward the control strategy based on model prediction, analyze the change of centralized air-conditioning system cold load and the change of the actual performance coefficient of the chiller unit under different control strategies. The data show that compared with the traditional PID control, the model prediction control reduces the total energy consumption by 0.2063, which realizes the energy-saving optimization of the air conditioning system for railroad building design.

РАЗРАБОТКА КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНОЙ ОСНОВЫ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО ЗДАНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ МЕТОДА ТРИАДИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕШИФРОВКИ: ЭВОЛЮЦИОННЫЙ ПОДХОД

The study focuses on the concept development of the architectural and structural design of intelligent (smart) buildings, which have been of increasing research interest in recent years. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that smart building was an evolution of green building. Evolutionary approach, single-level and two-level triadic decoding of system-categorial methodology, general scientific and graphic methods helped us to solve the following tasks: 1) to identify the components of the "intellectual building" definition content and reflecting its essential features; 2) to structure the main components (engineering and technical equipment, personification of space, environmental friendliness and resource saving) in the sequence of their formation in the object. The definition and structuring of the main components of an intelligent building by the method of triadic decoding allowed us to expand the idea of its essence, gave a better insight into the conceptual foundations of architectural and construction design of intelligent buildings and outlined the preconditions for its further development.

INFLUENCE OF ROAD LONGITUDINAL TERRAIN PROFILE ON VEHICLE KINETIC ENERGY RECOVERY AND MITIGATION OF SELECTED TRANSPORT NEGATIVE ASPECTS

In recent years, environmental aspects of transport have been at the center of attention for research concerning sustainable development. The most discussed topics comprise vehicle emission production and fuel consumption. These are influenced by many variables and factors. In addition to individual vehicle characteristics and attributes, engine performances, exhaust systems, and their overall construction designs, the terrain and road profile itself have a non-negligible effect on emission production. Road profile parameters can increase or decrease the total vehicle consumption if its potential is utilized correctly. This manuscript discusses the options to reduce road vehicle consumption while accelerating where its velocity is decreased and yet again increased when using the longitudinal terrain profile principle. The physical relations for this subject are presented in the manuscript as well. Based on the data and knowledge achieved, the manuscript then addresses several scenarios in which the fuel consumption of the examined vehicle and an occurrence of certain emission types are examined. Lastly, multiple development trends that can positively affect the specified road vehicle’s negative effects on the environment are described. The novel approach of the conducted research consists primarily of the interdisciplinary connection between road transport planning and vehicle traffic study (i.e., negative environmental aspects resulting from road transport can be mitigated not only by assistant devices installed in vehicles, such as catalytic converters, solid particle filters but also by constructing judiciously designed roads).

The Geometrical Properties of Round Bamboo of Gigantochloa levis and their Effects on Construction Design

The Geometrical Properties of Round Bamboo of Gigantochloa levis and their Effects on Construction Design

Self-repeat as a multimodal retraction practice

Abstract The paper focuses on a particular practice of self-repeat through which participants retract their prior formulations, and explores its multimodal design and use in the dynamic construction of meaning in Hebrew conversation. Drawing on interactional approaches to language and embodied action, we show that the practice of self-repeat is used to retract a formulation judged by its producer as being inadequate and ill-calibrated in the given interactional context. This function is supported by the multimodal configuration in which the lexical repeat is cast, which involves a stable prosodic component and a variable embodied component. Through its prosodic and embodied design, the repeat is contextualized as a noticeable display of accountability for having made an ill-suited choice of words. While the self-repeat alone is sufficient in proposing a problem of calibration, it can also be followed by a lexical replacement, which makes explicit the adjusted or recalibrated term. The self-repeat practice shows how participants engage in semantic work through online and situated revision of their formulations. This exposed process of meaning construction reveals their understanding of the constitutive link between the conceptual and the normative orders as practiced in actual conversation.

From Theory to Practice – Interior Design Education for More Sustainable Future

This article discusses the role interior design education plays in the development of greener buildings. Through the encouragement of making sustainable design choices along the design process, the education cultivates a sustainable mindset that contributes to the development of greener spaces, buildings and communities. Even though United Arab Emirates (UAE) shows relatively low per capita CO2 emissions, its building energy efficiency score lags behind that of other nations. This research applies a two-step methodology (qualitative and experimental) to investigate the nexus between interior design, education, and Leadership in Energy Efficient Design-Interior Design and Construction (LEED ID+C) in promoting sustainable buildings design in the UAE. Qualitative methods are applied for the review and analyses of the relevant literature, while experimental measures the efficiency of integrating the LEED ID+C framework into an interior design studio as a teaching method. This experimental teaching method challenges students to comply with LEED ID+C v.4.1 reference guide from the very beginning of the design project and throughout all phases until project completion. The success of the experimental teaching methods is measured through a set of criteria that include information acquisition, knowledge and skills development, and awareness enhancement. As the participant pool varies from level two to level four students, the experiment reflects a comprehensive educational perspective. The results of this study show that such experimental teaching methods contribute to bridging the gap between sustainable interior design theory and practice by instilling sustainability consciousness and skills in students. The results also demonstrate that the experimentation eradicates the barriers to sustainable interior design practice as it relates to Information, Knowledge, and Awareness. The study concludes by highlighting the benefits of the experimental teaching method and suggests how the method can be further improved.

Intelligent System Development for Plant Cultivation Complex by Means of the Internet of Things Concept

The article presents a problem solution of plant cultivation automation using the Internet of Things concept. Using an intelligent system to control a hydroponics installation allows you to increase the energy efficiency of growing plants by introduction of intelligent technologies. The application of the Internet of Things concept allows a more qualitative approach to the search and application of methods of rational modern production. This concept allows the collected data to be Wi-Fi transferred from the microcontroller to a computer via a server, which is very effective in environments with large number of sensors. In this case, both time and material costs per share of production are significantly reduced. The work identified the requirements for a recording and control device in an intelligent system that connects to the Internet for further data processing, configuration and execution of the operating mechanism, and stages of operation of the growing system. Part of the control system for a plant cultivation complex using microcontroller devices available on the market, such as ESP, is considered. A constructive functional design of the device was developed. In addition, it was determined that the intelligent system contains the following modules: thing (the physical controller itself - device, peripherals), network (a network of devices and communication channels that ensure the transfer of information according to network protocols), cloud (includes a server that processes client, storage and web service requests). A description of the first module is given, which includes the main controller board with an esp12e microcontroller. The second module contains printed circuit boards for the power supply and controller, which were designed and laid out using the EasyEDA web service. For the third module, three-dimensional models of the power supply and main board were obtained in the EasyEDA web service environment.

Post-Jubilee Reports of the Club of Rome: In Search of a Conceptual Strategy for Humanity’s Foreseeable Future

The article analyzes the reports of the Club of Rome issued subsequent to its semicentennial celebration. The analysis uncovers the evolutionary trajectory of the Club’s conceptual frameworks, transitioning from the stark alarmism prevalent in the early 1970s to a grounded optimism characteristic of the early 21st century. The majority of its publications, in explicit or implicit form, essentially respond to a question of Hamletian scale that arose within the discussions of the “limits to growth” model: Is it possible, and if so, how, to overcome the antagonism between the continuous growth of the needs of an increasing humanity and the relatively limited natural-resource potential of the biosphere? The analysis introduces an analysis of world development scenarios by 2050, ranging from inertial extrapolation of current trends to radical transformations of global political, socio-economic, and cultural processes. The discourse reflects on the report authors’ contemplations regarding societal adaptability to undergo a “true human revolution,” entailing a fundamental reassessment of established economic models and advancement toward innovative global governance strategies. The paper scrutinizes the assertion that society’s “unlearnability” is one of the key obstacles to the sustainable development of civilization. Significant emphasis is placed on the imperative for a comprehensive transformation encompassing the global educational landscape and the cultivation of a novel (sustainable) mindset, one that appreciates the intricate interplay among economic, environmental, and sociocultural perspectives on the global dynamics of the “humanity – biosphere – civilization” system. Humanity, overcoming the turbulences of contemporary world development, possesses all the prerequisites for a constructive analysis and design of strategic perspectives of the foreseeable future.

Traceless Kalman filter threshold estimation for distributed power loads

Abstract Load forecasting is an important part of smart grid construction, energy management, and sustainable design of power systems, and has a great impact on the reliable operation of power grids, facility planning and other decisions. In this paper, we utilize the traceless transform of the UKF algorithm to obtain the sigma feature points generated by the mean value of the high-frequency wavelet components of the power signals and combine them with the EKF algorithm. We put forward a novel neural network hybrid Kalman TUKF algorithm, which will be used to carry out simulation experiments on the distributed electric loads and to estimate the threshold value of the loads in the numerical experiments. The results show that in comparison with the actual measurements, the TUKF algorithm improves by 34.7% in the RMSE metrics, 38.7% in the MAE metrics, and 40.6% in the MAPE metrics compared to the PFWNN. The TUKF algorithm is closer to the real curves and has the best prediction performance for all the time intervals of the prediction. The change of the threshold value has a more obvious effect on the prediction accuracy, and the best effect is in the scale δ = 0.5, i.e., the threshold frequency is selected as the middle value of the intermediate frequency.

Design and construction of fluid-to-fluid scaled-down small modular reactor platform: As a testbed for the nuclear-based hydrogen production

This paper presents the construction results and design of the UNIST Reactor Innovation platform for small modular reactors as a versatile testbed for exploring innovative technologies. The platform uses simulant fluids to simulate the thermal-hydraulic behavior of a reference small modular reactor design, allowing for cost-effective design modifications. Scaling analysis results for single and two-phase natural circulation flows are outlined based on the three-level scaling methodology. The platform's capability to simulate natural circulation behavior was validated through performance calculations using the 1-D system thermal-hydraulic code-based calculation. The strategies for evaluating cutting-edge technologies, such as the integration of a solid oxide electrolysis cell for hydrogen production into a small modular reactor, are presented. To overcome experimental limitations, the hardware-in-the-loop technique is proposed as an alternative, enabling real-time simulation of physical phenomena that cannot be implemented within the experimental facility's hardware. Overall, the proposed versatile innovation platform is expected to provide valuable insights for advancing research in the field of small modular reactors and nuclear-based hydrogen production.