An adequate methodology for a reflexive social science is both empirical and non-empirical, since it must recognize that social reality is constituted by judgments that refer to values that are not perceptually given. Moral judgments constitute the social world in the numberless evaluations of social actors yet these judgments are generally reconstructed by empirical social inquiry as if they were confused complexes of sentiment and logical inference which cannot be rationally justified. More fundamental social determinants, such as "class," or system "strains," are then used to explain the contextually understood act. In such explanations, the "fact" or constitutive moral discourse itself is made to appear irrelevant. Thus, the presupposition that values cannot be validated implies that it is irrelevant if one holds that racism is just or unjust the only problem is how these "values," "attitudes," "prejudices" are acquired and acted upon. The component of social action labelled " judgment" is reduced to behavioral principles of learning or described as emotivism and therefore incapable of being justified. These general, and dominant, perspectives screen out the senses in which moral-ethical judgment combines beliefs about facts with evaluations. Judgments of value, right, beauty combine organic impulses, psychic desires and verbal acts of speech which evaluate the particular in its pragmatic context. As such, judgments contain statements about facts, norms (e.g., legal frames) and moral prescriptions that are all capable of becoming the "object" of discursive analysis. The human social world is constituted by the reciprocity of reflexive normative obligations in that social interactions are generated by acts that presuppose mutual expectations and obligations. Moreover, any moral-ethical judgment is discoursable when they fail to meet mutual expectations. To claim, for example, that "A is a liar" is to say that the statements do not correspond with the facts as well as evaluating the veracity of "A." The presupposed standard for evaluation in this example is that personal