Authority Of Constitutional Court Research Articles

Strengthening the Constitutional Court’s Authority to Adjudicate on Disputes Regarding the Result of Regional Head Election In Indonesia: an Urgency to Clarify the Constitutional Framework

<em>Since the Constitutional Court is the guardian of democracy and the constitution, it is responsible for ensuring that elections in Indonesia are held in a democratic manner. The power rotation process must be carried out calmly and collectedly, without any significant breaches of people's fundamental rights or acts of violence. The instrument of authority is a necessary component for the Constitutional Court to achieve all of the goals stated in the text. The functioning of the Constitutional Court's authority to resolve disputes relating to the outcomes of Indonesia's regional head elections will be further examined in this research.</em> <em>Then, in order to determine the necessary treatments, a worldwide comparison of the increasing symptoms with those of other countries will be carried out. The research methodology used is doctrinal legal study using a comparative constitutional research strategy. The findings demonstrated the weakness of the Constitutional Court's authority to resolve disputes over the outcomes of regional head elections. It was observed that there were </em><em>three distinct interpretations of the norms that formed the basis for legitimacy, which resulted in progressive changes to this authority. The Republic of Indonesia's 1945 Constitution's ambiguous normative framework for regional head elections has led to ongoing interpretations</em> <em>It is really unique in light of the fact that the constitutions of 43 of 72 unitary nations in the world </em><em>fully regulate election procedures and the course of </em><em>dispute settlement in the event of a dispute. In fact, they specifically mention in one or more of the Constitutional Court's complete authority articles the nature of authority and the scope of elections. It is imperative to promptly establish the precedent with clear legal politics declaring that regional head elections are elections in order to guarantee that the Constitutional Court hears the majority of cases.</em>

Does the Constitutional Court on Local Election Responsive Decisions ?

The dynamism of the implementation of general elections in Indonesia is directly related to the legal products that regulate them. In this case, legal politics that continue to change legal products can further complicate the systems, mechanisms, and behavior of general election organizers and participants, and make them vulnerable to future general election disputes. This article aims to explain how the legal politics of the Constitutional Court's decision regarding the Regional General Election Law influences changes to the Regional Head Election Law, as well as its responsiveness to regional head general elections. This article uses a normative legal research method with a statute approach which focuses on the analysis of Constitutional Court decisions regarding regional head elections. In addition, the author presents a comparison of the legal politics of general election regulation in Indonesia and in the USA and Europe. This article finds that the Constitutional Court's authority to adjudicate regional elections has become permanent after almost a decade and a half of legal uncertainty and doubt. During that time, legal politics in several Constitutional Court decisions regarding regional head election cases had a similar character, namely producing responsive legal products. This indicates that democracy in Indonesia is built based on fulfilling human dignity, fairness, and justice. Thus, the issue of regional head general elections could have its origins in other things but not in the legal politics of the Constitutional Court's decision and its influence on related laws.

Legal Certainty on Impeachment of the President and/or Vice President Judging from the 1945 Constitution

A state official's removal from office requires well-defined terms about the official's legal standing. The President of Indonesia has a pivotal role in any presidential system as the country's Head of State and Head of Government. To clarify the process for the dismissal of the President and/or Vice President, Articles 7A, 7B, 7C, and Article 8 were added to the 1945 Constitution. The MPR will conduct the impeachment procedure by a vote. There will be a negative impression of the procedure for removing the President and/or Vice President as a result of this. Verdicts from the Criminal Court on alleged breaches of the Criminal Law need either the affirmation of the Constitutional Court's authority or the passage of time.

Putusan MK Yang Bersifat Positif Legislature

The Constitutional Court in the case of testing the constitutionality of an Act is declared granted, then by the provisions of the laws and regulations only given the authority to declare the material content of paragraphs, Articles, and / or parts of the Law contrary to the 1945 Constitution and has no binding legal force. Or make the process of making laws contrary to the mechanism of formation that has been regulated by the laws and regulations (negative legislature). However, in some cases the Constitutional Court in its ruling included new legal norms (positive legislatures) that are considered to have entered the realm of legislative authority. So based on this there is an increase in the authority of the Constitutional Court from negative legislature to positive legislature. Based on the picture of the problem, researchers want to further know how the constitutional court's authority in issuing positive legislature decisions, then what consideration factors are used by constitutional court judges in issuing positive legislature rulings. This research is assembled based on the type of juridical normative research by utilizing the legal approach and the case approach. The theory used in solving the above problems is to use progressive legal theory and positive legal theory. So that with the data obtained from the results of case review and law, it is processed by reducing data and cases. The results of this study state that the Constitutional Court in the case of testing the constitutionality of the Law based on norms stipulated in the laws and regulations only as a norm-spinning or negative legislature. However, based on the knife analysis of the progressive legal theory, the authority can become a new norm maker with various rules included in the sound of the verdict or positive legislature. The factor considered by constitutional court judges in stringing together the ruling is substantive justice considerations based on progressive theory, then this is supported by the purpose of the establishment of law in Islam is to realize justice.

Article 24C Paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia: History and Critical Analysis of Disputes on the Authority of State Institutions

In simple terms, the ratio legis can be interpreted as the reason why there is a provision in the law. Article 24C paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia determines the authority possessed by the Constitutional Court, paragraph (1) reads: The Constitutional Court has the authority to adjudicate at the first and final levels whose decisions are final to examine laws against the Constitution, decide disputes over authority a state institution whose authority is granted by the Constitution, decides on the dissolution of political parties, and decides on disputes regarding the results of general elections. The limiting provisions of Article 24C paragraph (1) seem to close the scope for expanding the Constitutional Court authority to decide disputes over the authority of independent state institutions. Meanwhile, this is a state requirement. This research uses a statutory approach with a descriptive analysis method. The conclusions obtained are: 1) it is not possible that a state institution that has supervisory authority has conflict with other legal institutions; 2) there are state institutions whose authorities are regulated by law and have the potential for authority disputes, but are resolved through the executive agency; 3) there is the authority of state institutions that have the potential for conflict of authority but there are no rules for resolving them.

Antinomi Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Menguji Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang

Government Regulation a Substitute for laws (Perppu) is president right to regulate something in terms of compelling urgency. Perppu issued by the president must be immediately determined by the House of Representatives to be declared rejected or accepted. Article 24C Constitution of Republic Indonesia 1945 stipulates that authority of Constitutional Court is to only examine the law against Constitution of Republic Indonesia 1945, not the Perppu.
 However, Constitutional Court through decision No. 138/PUU-VII/ 2009 states that the Constitutional Court has authority to examine Perppu against Constitution of Republic Indonesia 1945. The Perppu made by president make a new of legal norms that give rise to new legal status, new legal relationships and new legal consequences. Constitutional Court interprets that norms contained in Perppu are as binding as norms in the law. In conducting tests, Constitutional Court does not distinguish between formal and material laws.

Mekanisme Pembubaran Partai Politik di Indonesia

Political parties as legal entities may be subject to criminal liability as they are seen from the characteristic of political parties in accordance with the characteristics of the legal entity. The dissolution of political parties becomes one of the legal issues governed by Indonesian legislation. The problem of this research is: 1) how is the Constitutional Court Authority in the dissolution of political parties in Indonesia? 2) How is the mechanism of dissolution of political parties? The type of research and approach problems used is normative legal research and statutory approaches. The source of the legal material used is the primary source of legal material and the source of secondary legal material. The technique of collecting legal materials is the technique of library study. The collected legal materials are processed and analyzed using legal arguments. The result of this research is the procedure of the dissolution of political parties in the Constitutional Court as follows: Application submission, application registration and trial schedule, preliminary examination, trial examination, meeting Judge, the verdict of the Constitutional Court. The result of the dissolution of political parties may result in external rights and obligations, due to elected positions, due to the status of managers and members and the consequences of internal rights and obligations.

Extension Of The Constitutional Court Authority In The Dissolution Of Corrupted Political Parties

After the amendment of the Constitution of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945 changed the constitutional system in Indonesia, since the birth of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia which was authorized to adjudicate the dissolution of political parties up to now has never been done by the Constitutional Court, the debate over the dissolution of political parties is also seen as a violation of the rights of political parties. Human rights as the right to assemble and associate, the state administration thought continues to develop about the dissolution of corrupt political parties by giving authority to the Constitutional Court.This research was conducted with normative legal research whose data is sourced from secondary data and since this research data is secondary data, it is included in the type of normative legal research. The nature of this research is descriptive, which aims to provide an overview of social phenomena about the expansion of the authority of the Constitutional Court in the Disbanding of a Corrupt Political Party. Sources of research data in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The method of data collection is done using document study techniques, which are analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. Keywords: Constitutional Court, Disbandment of Political Parties, Corrupt Party.

INTERPRETASI MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI TERHADAP PENGUJIAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH PENGGANTI UNDANG-UNDANG

Abstract: The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia has 4 (four) authorities and one obligation, as for those authorities, namely: (1) The Constitutional Court has the authority to adjudicate at the first and last level whose decisions are final to test the Law against the Constitution, (2) decide authority disputes of State Institutions whose authority is granted by the Constitution, (3) decide upon the dissolution of political parties, (4) and decide upon disputes about the results of general elections. The obligations, namely the Constitutional Court is obliged to give a decision on the opinion of the House of Representatives regarding the alleged violation by the President and / or Vice President. Beyond the specified authority, the Constitutional Court has increased its authority to test the Substitute Government Regulations. The research method used in this study is a type of normative legal research that is a literature study or documentary, by examining theories, concepts and legal principles. The results of this study found that there is indeed no rule that gives the Constitutional Court authority to test regulation in lie of law, but the Constitutional Court has the consideration that the legal norms contained in the Perppu are the same as the Law. The results of this study are that the interpretation used by constitutional justices to test Perppu is a teleological and sociological interpretation.Keywords: Interpretation; Test; PERPPU; Constitutional Court.

Juridical Analysis of the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number: 69 / PUU-XIII / 2015 on Article 29 Law Number 1 of 1974 Concerning Marriage

Indonesia as a legal state, the presence of law in a country aims to guarantee life to protect the interests of citizens. In the Indonesian government system there are several branches of power, namely the legislative, executive and judiciary branches, the judicial power branches are the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court. The Constitutional Court's authority is contained in Article 24 C paragraph (1) and (2) adjudicating at the first and last level whose decision is final to review the Law on the Constitution. Marriage agreement is a form of agreement that regulates assets in marriage and others. A marriage agreement is also an agreement which can affect other regulations. So with the regulation of the marriage agreement in Article 29 paragraph (1) prior to the lawsuit for judicial review to the Constitutional Court stating that the marriage agreement was made at the time, and before the marriage took place, this is what prevents many married couples from different citizens who previously were not have a marriage agreement while their interests require a marriage agreement. The decision analysis can be concluded that the Urgency of the marriage agreement in its decision No.69 / PUU-XIII / 2015 states that the importance of the marriage agreement is related to the position of shared property so that there is a separation of husband's assets with the wife's assets both regarding their respective belongings and the assets that belong to each other obtained during the marriage known as joint property. Whereas the assets obtained before their marriage period together are known as inheritance or personal property obtained after the marriage period which is usually referred to as acquisition assets. Due to the legal marriage agreement before MK Decision Number 69 / PUU-XIII / 2015, Indonesian citizens who carry out marriages mixed and does not make a marriage agreement, the Indonesian citizen may not have immovable property in the form of ownership or building rights.

Rekonstruksi Konseptual Peradilan sebagai Revitalisasi Kekuasaan Kehakiman dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia

Indonesia as a legal state is the logical consequence of the crystallization of Indonesian history as a nation both historically and constitutionally. Hence, Indonesia should has accountable constitutional system in law enforcement as well as social prestige to increase public trust in the justice system in Indonesia. In this study, the researcher is more focus on the justice system as the law enforcement. This study aims to investigate the inclusion of imbalance authority in Indonesia judicial system; between the Constitutional Court authority and the Supreme Court in testing legislation. Thus, intended conceptual reconstruction is a form of actualization as well as recommendation on the justice system that must be integrated in the two judicial institutions authority. Therefore, this research is conducted methodically as literal-descriptive research by addressing relevant data literally.

Gagasan constitutional Complaint Sebagai kewenangan Baru Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Perlindungan Hak Konstitusional

The formation of the Constitutional Court (MK) as a guardian of the constitution is basically intended to guarantee the implementation of the constitutional provisions (the 1945 Constitution) seriously in the administration of the state, as well as to realize constitutional supremacy in the Indonesian legal state. One of the contents of the 1945 Constitution is a guarantee of protection of basic human and citizen rights that have been accepted as constitutional rights. Because of that, the Court also functions to guarantee the implementation of these constitutional rights. However, for violations of constitutional rights included in the case of constitutional complaints submitted to the Constitutional Court, the resolution has not yet been dealt with, because their authority has not been regulated in the 1945 Constitution, so the idea of making constitutional complaints develops as the Constitutional Court's new authority. This paper discusses how the Constitutional Court's authority in protecting constitutional rights is based on the 1945 Constitution, and what about the ideas that emerged to add constitutional complaint as the Constitutional Court's new authority in protecting constitutional rights. In accordance with the problem, this research is a normative legal research using a legal approach accompanied by a comparative legal approach. The results of the study show that the authority of the Constitutional Court in protecting constitutional rights is only limited to the authority to examine the Law against the Constitution. From the ideas that emerged, there were three possibilities for entering constitutional complaint on the authority of the Constitutional Court, namely through changes to the 1945 Constitution, through changes to the Law and through interpretation by the Constitutional Court itself. Of the three ideas, the most appropriate is to change the 1945 Constitution so that it can provide a strong foundation in providing protection for citizens' constitutional rights.

The Elimination of Constitutional Court's Authority in The Dispute Case of General Election of Regional Head (Analysis of Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 97/PUU-XI/2013)

The enactment of Law Number 32 Year 2004 is a manifestation of the development ofadvanced democracy, namely all local chief elected directly by the people except the positionof the Governor of Yogyakarta. However, in its development, the implementation of theGeneral Elections of Regional Head gave rise to dissatisfaction which resulted in the appealof the results of the General Election to the court for various reasons. The presence of theConstitutional Court as an institution that resolved the dispute over the General Election ofRegional Heads has not been able to provide justice to the public, especially the emergenceof many Constitutional Court rulings that cause debate. In its development, the ConstitutionalCourt abolished its authority in the settlement of disputes in the General Election of RegionalHeads as stipulated in Decision Number 97 / PUU-XI / 2013. The Constitutional Court is ofthe opinion that the Constitutional Court only has the authority to resolve election disputes ofDPR, DPD, President/Vice President because the election is done nationally, while theelection is conducted in certain areas only. In addition, the volume of incoming cases relatedto election disputes more than the law review case which is the main authority of theConstitutional Court, so that this can affect the quality of the decisions of the ConstitutionalCourt considering the dispute resolution of the results of the General Election should beterminated within fourteen days. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v5i2.7090

IMPLIKASI TERHADAP PENGUJIAN KETETAPAN MPR/MPRS PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DALAM RANGKA MENGAWAL TEGAKNYA KONSTITUSI NEGARA

This study aims: first, the decision of the Constitutional Court adjudicates and does not accept the testing of the MPR Decree, secondly, the implications of testing the MPR's Decree after the decision of the Constitutional Court. The method used in this study is normative research or library research. The results of the study obtained first, the basis of the Constitutional Court Decision according to the 1945 Constitution of 24C paragraph (1) that the Constitutional Court only has the authority to test the Law on the Basic Law and the MPR / S Decree is not included in the Constitutional Court's authority. Secondly, the implication is that there is no mechanism for testing. MPR provisions cause a legal vacuum as well as the absence of an authorized institution to test the MPR Decree (tetraa incognita)

MEMURNIKAN KEWENANGAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI SEBAGAI LEMBAGA PENGAWAL KONSTITUSI (THE GUARDIAN OF THE CONSTITUTION)

Stated in constitution (UUD NRI Tahun 1945), one of Constitutional Court authority is guarding the constitution, that means reviewing any law against the constitution. Whereas review any ordinances and regulation made under law would fall into the authority of Supreme Court. Based on stufen theory, ordinances and regulation made under law is inseparable and is the continuation of the constitution, so that authority review must fall under Constitutional Court as the guardian of the constitution. But constitution regulations see ordinances and regulation made under any law should be separated from constitution, so review authority fall under Supreme Court. This condition provokes dualism judicial review, addressing problems that able to disturb the goverment system of Indonesia. This article elaborates dualism judicial review problem and idea of purifying constitutional court authority as the guardian of constitution. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um019v1i12016p048

Perkembangan Pengujian Perundang- Undangan di Mahkamah Konstitusi

The judiciary is a tools to find justice. The Constitutional Court of Republic of Indonesia (MKRI) who attended after the 1945 amendment also established to fulfill the desires of the justice seeker. The Efforts to comply the sense of justice depends on how the constitutional court judges deciding cases. If the judge of the constitutional court failed to parse the meaning of substantive justice, it found the unfair justice. It’s fair according to the judge verdict, but it was unable to fulfill the desires of the justice seeker. The step of judges to find the justice known as the concept of judicial activism. And its consisting in constitutional court authority namely as judicial review. Within seven years since the MKRI have been formed, the court has become an institution recognized by the justice seeker through the decisions. In fact, the court not only courageous in deciding the facts of the existing law, but further than that, the court also made a bold reform in its verdict forms.

Implikasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Pemakzulan Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden di Indonesia

The one of Constitutional Court authority, commonly it called as a duty, has gived a verdict for Indonesian Legislative Assembly opinion about guess of inlegallity by doing President and or without Vice President. The characteristic of Constitutional Court’s verdict has been juridical final. As relative character of verdict, Constitutionan Court’s Verdict has not had a strength binding for The People Advisory Assembly as the last institution in settlement process for dismissal President and or without Vice President in their period to follow the Constitutional Court’s verdict, except to held plenary session like Indonesian Legislative Assembly’s opinion. It was a consequency of Article 7B Paragraph (6) Indonesian Constitution of 1945.

Konstitusionalitas dan Legalitas Norma dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang Terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar 1945

The Constitutionality of norms are inseparable with the model of judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. It can be see from the reviews of abstract and concrete norms by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. The review of conrete norms in the decision of judicial review basically does not constitute authority of the Constitutional Court. Theoretically, norms review should be starting from abstract norms as the implications of the Constitutional Court authority. In order to review the constitutionality of laws, norms and abstract norms should be interpreted by the Constitutional Court. While concrete norms focuse more on the implementation or application of the norm itself. The application of norms cannot be separated from the legality of the norms, while constitutionality of norms is related to its coherence with with the Constitution. If the basis of norms review is the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia then abstract norms should be the main subject matter to be reviewed. Otherwise, when concrete norms are the subject matters to be reviewed, then the implementation of the norms that have been applied in concrete cases. This research is using normative juridical method with case approach in which 15 (fifteen) verdicts of the Constitutional Court of Republic of Indonesia over the period of 2003-2013 in judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution are analyzed. The focus is on the ratio decidendi of the Constitutional Court judges in determining the constitutionality of norms. The result of this research shows that, the Constitutional Court, in the judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia does not separate abstract norms and concrete norms dichotomously. In an attempt to protect the constitutional rights of citizens, the absence of legal remedies that can be further pursued by the applicant, as well as to provide legal certainty, the Constitutional Court, granted, in its decision, the review of concrete norms. Even though the Constitutional Court remains firm in satting that it is a concrete norms, the applicant’s petition is granted in part which is concerning the review the abstract norms only. Whereas, with respect to the verdict of the constitutional court that rejected the review of concrete norms, it is because the review is not on the constitutionality of norms but the application of the norms and also concerns a petition for an interlocutory decision which is irrelevant to the subject matter of the case. The review of concrete norms in a rejecting ruling is a form of prudence by the Constitutional Court in order not to prosecute the matters which constitute the authority the other judicial bodies, namely the Supreme Court and the lower courts. As for the ruling which declared a petition inadmissible, the Constitutional Court stated that the applicant has no legal standing and the Constitutional Court does not have the authority to test these norms. In the future the Constitutional Court needs to affirm the status of norms before further examining in depth the petition filed. In addition, the Constitutional Court should be conferred with the authority to hear constitutional complaint and constitutional question in order to create the harmonization of interpretation based on the Constitution.

Urgensi Pengaturan Perkara Constitutional Complaint Dalam Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the mechanism for settling disputes in the Constitutional Court containing elements of constitutional complaint. In particular, this study focused on two things: first assessing the urgency/ importance of the idea of setting constitutional complaint in the Constitutional Court's authority. Secondly, to formulate recommendations on setting constitutional complaint in the Constitutional Court's authority. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. This type of research is a doctrinal law. This research studied the concept and implementation of the judicial settlement of cases that contain elements of constitutional complaint (complaint constitution) by the Constitutional Court. The conclusion of this study is an important constitutional complaint mechanism is contained within the competence of the Constitutional Court to solve problems of injustice experienced by citizens as a result of public policies undertaken by the government in a broad sense, namely the executive, legislature and judiciary. Setting constitutional complaint within the competence of the Constitutional Court does not have to be explicitly stipulated in the constitution, but enough in the explanation of the Constitutional Court Act. That is not to add direct authority of the Court, but expand the meaning of the authority of the Court in testing the law.

ASAS LEGALITAS DALAM HUKUM ACARA PIDANA: KRITIKAN TERHADAP PUTUSAN MK TENTANG PRAPERADILAN

The problem of this research is: how high is the authority of Constitutional Court to amend the provisions of criminal procedure law (KUHAP) by stating that some articles in KUHAP are not constitutional and expanding the authority of judges in pretrial forum. Since 2015, pretrial judges have authority to investigate and decide whether the determination of a suspect is legitimate. The research method was normative juridical. The result shows that Constitutional Court judges have actually replaced the position of lawmakers (legislator) and violated the principles of nullum iudicium sine lege. In relation to that, if the need is to improve the supervision mechanism for the use of coercion in investigations, lawmakers should amend KUHAP or introduce better supervision mechanism for investigators..