Constituents Of Ethyl Acetate Extract Research Articles

Toxicity and chemical compounds of Piper aduncum fruit extract against storage pest Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus maculatus

Insect pests of rice weevil of Sitophilus oryzae and cowpea beetles of Callosobruchus maculatus can reduce the quality and quantity of stored products. Various alternatives development to control insect pests more safely were necessary. Botanical insecticides can be used as an alternative control because of their several advantages. One of the potential plants as a source for botanical insecticides is Piper aduncum (Piperaceae). This study aimed to determine the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract of P. aduncum fruit (Ea-Pa) and to assess its toxicity against S. oryzae and C. maculatus female adults by contact residue. The most abundant chemical compound of Ea-Pa was dillapiol (61.54%). Dillapiol was one compound that might be responsible for the insecticidal properties, as well as ylangene, naphthalene, piperitone, hexadecanoic acid, β-eudesmene, α-cubebene, δ-cadinene, myristicin, cis-vaccenic acid, pregnane steroids, octacosane, pyridine, sitosterol, and caryophyllene. The toxicity assay results showed that the Ea-Pa was more toxic against female adults of C. maculatus than S. oryzae. The LC50 values for female adults of S. oryzae and C. maculatus were 4.05% and 0.17%, whereas LC95 values were 116.40% and 4.95%, respectively. Therefore, the Ea-Pa could be further improved as a natural insecticide to manage pest insects in storage.

Potential anticancer activity of chemically characterized extract of Olea europaea (Olive) leaves

Olea europaea Linn. (Olive) is considered as essential component of Mediterranean diets. Olive leaves, fruits, and oil are traditionally known for several health benefits including diabetes, cardiac complications, cancer, etc. The objective of the present study is to determine the anticancer potential of chemically characterized O. europaea extract in MTT assay and EB/AO double staining method using Human lung cancer cell lines (A549). The chemical constituents present in the ethyl acetate extract of O. europaea leaves were characterized by GC-MS and its cytotoxic activity was assessed by MTT assay and EB/AO double staining method. The GC-MS analysis identified 63 chemical constituents, and neophytadiene (21.80%), zingiberenol (12.36%), and allohimachalol (5.49%) was found as major chemical constituents in ethyl acetate extract of O. europaea leaves. O. europaea produces a time and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation of A549 cell lines. The cell viability of A549 cell lines after 24 hrs treatment with O. europaea ranged from 97.96±3.44 to 18.95±2.14 % for a concentration range of 0.5-500 μg/mL, respectively, with IC50 value of 21.91±1.8 μg/mL. EB/AO double staining shows significant apoptosis in early and late apoptotic, and necrotic cells with increased volume and showed uneven orange-red fluorescence at their periphery. The study outcome shows that O. europaea extract significantly inhibited cell proliferation and apoptosis in human lung cancer (A549) cell lines, and it also explores the chemical composition of O. europaea leaves extract.
 Keywords: Apoptosis, A549 cell lines, Cancer, GC-MS, MTT assay, Olea europea, Olive.
 

HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS determination of the polyphenolic profile and evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of Tetraclinis articulata bark using in vitro and in silico methods

The present research aimed to establish the polyphenolic profile and to appraise the cytotoxic activity first by in vitro analyses, followed by a confirmatory in silico study to establish a stronger biochemical rationale for the activity of the ethyl acetate extract obtained from the bark of Tetraclinis articulata. Total phenolics and flavonoids of the ethyl acetate extract were quantified (phenolics, 65.30 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract; flavonoids, 28.90 mg quercetin equivalents/g extract). A total of 22 polyphenolic compounds were identified in the ethyl acetate extract by HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS analysis. Tetraclinis articulata extract exerted a significant cytotoxic effect against a HeLa cell line (IC50 = 07.02 ± 1.15 μg/mL). The in silico analysis was in agreement with the in vitro study in which major constituents of ethyl acetate extract showed low binding energy and a correct mode of interaction in the active pocket of the enzyme (PDB: 4I5I). These results might be due to the synergistic action of constituents present in ethyl acetate extract or acting separately. This is the first report on the polyphenolic composition and cytotoxic activity of the extract from the bark of T. articulata.

Lactate Dehydrogenase-Inhibitors Isolated from Ethyl Acetate Extract of Selaginella doederleinii by Using a Rapid Screening Method with Enzyme-Immobilized Magnetic Nanoparticles.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is one of the important enzyme systems for glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. It can catalyze the reduction and oxidation reaction between propionic acid and L-lactic acid, which is usually overexpressed in cancer cells. Therefore, inhibiting the activity of LDH is a promising way for the treatment of cancer. In this study, an effective method based on ligand fishing and ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrum (UPLC-MS) was established to screen and identify active ingredients from Selaginella doederleinii with potential inhibitory activity for LDH. Firstly, LDH was immobilized on the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), three immobilization parameters including LDH concentration, immobilization time and pH were optimized by single factor and response surface methodology for maximum (max) immobilization yield. Then, a mixed model of galloflavin and chlorogenic acid (inhibitors and non-inhibitors of LDH) was used to verify the specificity of immobilized LDH ligand fishing, and the conditions of ligand fishing were further optimized. Finally, combined with UPLC-MS, immobilized LDH was used to simultaneously screen and identify potential LDH inhibitors from the ethyl acetate extract of Selaginella doederleinii. The prepared fishing material was comprehensively characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). The optimal immobilization conditions were obtained as LDH concentration of 0.7 mg/mL, pH value of 4.5, and immobilization time of 3.5 h. Under these conditions, the max immobilization yield was (3.79 ± 0.08) × 103 U/g. The specificity analysis showed that immobilized LDH could recognize and capture ligands, and the optimal ligand fishing conditions included that the incubation time was 30 min, the elution time was 20 min, and the concentration of methanol as eluent was 80%. Finally, two LDH inhibitors, amentoflavone and robustaflavone, were screened by immobilized LDH from the ethyl acetate extract of Selaginella doederleinii. The study provided a meaningful evidence for discovering the bioactive constituents in ethyl acetate extract of Selaginella doederleinii related to cancer treatment, and this ligand fishing method was feasible for screening enzyme inhibitors from similar complex mixtures.

Antiprotozoal activity and phenolic constituents of ethyl acetate extract from Parinari excelsa sabine (Chrysobalanaceae)

Antiprotozoal activity and phenolic constituents of ethyl acetate extract from Parinari excelsa sabine (Chrysobalanaceae)

Analysis of chemical constituents in ethyl acetate extract of Taxilli Herba by UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS and screening of potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors

The present study analyzed and identified the chemical constituents from ethyl acetate(EA) extract of Taxilli Herba with UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS and screened active xanthine oxidase(XO) inhibitors with HPLC. The analysis was performed on an Hypersil GOLD C_(18) reversed-phase column(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.9 μm), with the mobile phase of water containing 1% formic acid(A) and methanol(B) under gradient elution, the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min~(-1), and the injection volume of 5 μL. ESI source was used for MS and the compounds were collected in positive and negative ion modes. Xcalibur 4.1 was used to analyze the retention time, accurate relative molecular weight, and fragmentation of the compounds. The inhibitory activity of some known compounds on XO was screened by HPLC. Thirty chemical constituents were identified, including phenolic acids and flavonoids by experimental data combined with information of standards, data reported previously, and databases, such as MzCloud and ChemSpider. The activities of 10 chemical components were screened. Gallic acid and naringenin chalcone had strong inhibitory activities on XO with IC_(50) of 57 μg·mL~(-1) and 108 μg·mL~(-1). UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS allows the accurate, rapid, and comprehensive identification of main chemical constituents from Taxilli Herba. Gallic acid and naringenin chalcone may be the active components of XO inhibitors.

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE STEM IN DALBERGIA SISSOO

The chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extracts from heartwood and sapwood of different ages of Dalbergia sissoowere studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the chemical composition of wood heartwood and sapwood is significantly different. Inthe vertical direction, the type of the ethyl acetate extract from Dalbergia sissootends to decrease from the base to the upper portion; in the horizontal direction, the type of extract gradually decreases from the center to the periphery. And it showed an increasing trend with the age of the trees. The experiment also revealed that there were significant differences in chemical components between heartwood and sapwood. We speculated that the main chemical component trismethoxyresveratrol of heartwood extract may be related to the formation of heartwood, and the specific correlation needs to be further verified.

Analysis of Chemical Composition by GC-MS and In-vitro Antidiabetic Activity of Azadirachta Indica Leaves Collected from Erbil, Iraq

Background: Azadirachta indica (Neem) is an important medicinal plant that is traditionally known for its insecticidal, and antimicrobial properties. Objective: The objective of present study was to evaluate the in-vitro antidiabetic activity and characterize the chemical constituents of Neem extract. Materials and Methods: The chemical constituents in ethyl acetate extract of the Neem leaves was determined by GC-MS and the in-vitro antidiabetic activity of Neem extract was evaluated via inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Results: The ethyl acetate extract of Neem yielded 49 chemical compounds and these constituents amounting to 97.07% of total Neem leaf extract composition. The major chemical components of the Neem were octadecanoic acid (7.17%), propyl tetracosyl ether (5.35%), 1-decanol, 2-octyl (5.01%), hexadecane (4.70%), tricosane (4.73%), octadecane, 1-chloro (4.65%), and linolenic acid (4.35%). The Neem extract produces dose dependent-inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes ranging from 21.67±2.81 to 75.82±3.44% and 17.04±4.43 to 58.44±1.21% for concentration 31.25 to 1000 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values for Neem extract and acarbose were 165.53±2.75 and 91.04±2.16 µg/mL, respectively against the α-amylase enzyme. The IC50 values for Neem extract and acarbose were 210.08±2.16 and 120.05±2.16 µg/mL, respectively against the α-glucosidase enzyme. Conclusion: The study findings suggested that Neem may be used as drug candidate in the management of post prandial hyperglycemia.

Chemical characterization, antidiabetic and anticancer activities of Santolina chamaecyparissus.

Santolina chamaecyparissus is an important medicinal plant growing in the Mediterranean region and has been reported as a potent anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal agent. The purpose of the current research is to identify the chemical constituents in ethyl acetate extract (EAE) from the leaves of S. chamaecyparissus, and to evaluate antidiabetic, and anticancer activity. Chemical constituents of EAE were identified by GC-MS, and the antidiabetic activity was evaluated by α-glucosidase inhibition assay. The anticancer activity was assessed by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression in human breast cancer cell line (MCF7) by using quantitative RT-PCR method. GC-MS analysis of EAE of S. chamaecyparissus yielded 44 compounds. Tetrapentacontane (27.15%), eicosyl acetate (8.40%), 2-methylhexacosane (6.87%), and n-pentadecanol (5.44%) were found as major chemical constituents. The EAE of S. chamaecyparissus showed concentration dependant inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme and the IC50 value (IC50 110 ± 4.25 µg/mL) was found comparable with standard acarbose (IC50 105 ± 3.74 µg/mL). The real-time qRT-PCR results showed that the EGFR protein (bcl-2) in human breast cancer cell line (MCF7) was negatively expressed with a value of −0.69297105 after treatment with EAE (100 µg/mL). The study results are suggesting the possible use of S. chamaecyparissus in the management of diabetes, and human breast cancer.

Chemical Constituents Analysis of Ethyl Acetate Extract from MSR-1707 by GC-MS

Aims: To analyze the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract from MSR-1707 to promote the rational utilization of the mushroom resources.
 Methodology: MSR-1707 belongs to the genus Nigrospora sp. It was extracted by ethyl acetate, then the extract was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). Identification of compounds was achieved according to their GC retention indices (RI) and database search using the library of NIST05, as well as a comparison of the fragmentation pattern of the mass spectra with data published in the literature.
 Results: Seventy-three compounds were separated by gas chromatography. Based on the NIST05 spectral library and corresponding literature information, fifty-three compounds were identified. Their relative percentage of contents accounted for 95.62% of the outflow peak. Some of the identified peaks are 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester(E)(18.50%),9-Tricosene(Z)(8.30%), 13-Docosenamide (E)(5.26%) and Myristic acid glycidyl ester (3.11%).
 Conclusion: This is the first report of chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate extract of Nigrospora sp. using GC-MS, which offer some theoretical basis for the further exploration and application of this mushroom.

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT FROM Taxus wallichiana ZUCC. (TAXACEAE) LEAVES COLLECTED IN HA GIANG PROVINCE

Investigation on the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract from leaves of Taxus wallichiana Zucc. (Taxaceae), collected in Ha Giang province, has resulted in the isolation of three metabolites for the first time: sciadopitysin (1), β-sitosterol (2), and isoquercitrin (3). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods.

Antioxidant and chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract of Tamarix aphylla leaveas in Saudi Arabia

Antioxidant and chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract of Tamarix aphylla leaveas in Saudi Arabia

GC-MS Analysis of Methanol and Ethyl Acetate Extract of fruits of Sphaeranthus indicus

Introduction: To identify the various phytoconstituents present in the plant Sphaeranthus indicus by using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Meth­ods: The fruits of Sphaeranthus indicus were extracted with Different solvents of increasing polarity. The methanol and ethylacetate extract were subjected to GCMS analysis to detect the phytoconstituents. Results: Totally 26 compounds were identified. Among these 13 constituents in methanol extract and 13 constituents in ethylacetate extract were identified during the GC-MS analysis. Stigmasterol and lupeol which were identified in the plant is considered to have antiarthritic properties.
 Keywords: Sphaeranthus indicus, Gas chromatography, Mass spectrometry.

Antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate extract of <i>Citrullus lanatus</i> seeds

Purpose: To determine the antimicrobial activity and chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds.Methods: Antimicrobial activity of the ethyl acetate extract of the seeds of C. lanatus was evaluated against Staphylococus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus subtilis NCTC8236, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 and Candida albicans ATCC 24433 using standard microbiological method. Chemical constituents of the extract were determined with Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC MS) systems.Results: An oily, yellowish orange coloured extract with a yield of 18.7 % was obtained. The extract inhibited the growth of all test microorganisms at minimum inhibitory concentration range of 0.313 -2.5 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration of 0.313-5 mg/mL. GC MS profile of the extract showed the presence of oleic acid (31.22 %), saturated fatty acid (23.85 %) and gamma tocopherol (8.79 %). Other organic compounds accounted for 36.16 % of the extractConclusion: Ethyl acetate extract of the seeds of Citrullus lanatus has antimicrobial effect against some Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as C. albicans. Twenty-one compounds including fatty acids, hexamethyl-2-ethylacridine, gamma tocopherol and methylphthalate have been identified in the seeds.Keywords: Citrulluslanatus seeds, ethyl acetate extract, antimicrobial activity

Anticancer Constituents of Ethyl Acetate Extract from Euphorbia helioscopia

Anticancer Constituents of Ethyl Acetate Extract from Euphorbia helioscopia

Chemical constituents of Sapium sebiferum leaves

Chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract of Sapium sebiferum leaves were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods, including column chromatographies over silica gel, macroporous adsorption resin, and Sephadex LH-20, as well as preparative TLC and semi preparative HPLC. As a results, 15 compounds were separated from Sapium sebiferum leaves and their structures were examined by spectral analysis including NMR and MS data and identified as( + )-(7R,7'R,7"S,7'"S,8S,8'S,8"S,8'"S)-4", 4"'-dihydroxy-3,3',3",3',5,5'-hexamethoxy-7,9';7',9-diepoxy-4,8";4',8'"-bisoxy-8,8'-dineo-lignan-7",7"',9",9"'-tetraol(1) ,1-(4'- hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4"-(3-hydroxypropyl) -2", 6"-dimethoxyphenoxy] propane-1, 3-diol (2), Thero-2, 3-bis-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxypheyl)-3-methoxy-propanol(3) , threo-5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyphenyl propane-8,9-diol (4), boropinol B (5), threo-8S-7-methoxysyringylglycerol(6), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(7), 5-( methoxy-methyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (8), quercetin (9) , kaempferol (10), ethyl gallate(11), coniferaldehyde(12), vanillin(13), 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-henzopyran-2-one(14),and 1-heptacosanol (15). All compounds except for compounds 9-11,14 were separated from this plant for the first time.

Chemical constituents of Illicium burmanicum

Chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract of Illicium burmanicum were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods,including Silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, C18 reverse-phased silica gel, Preparative TLC and Preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectral analysis including NMR and MS data. Fourteen compounds were separated from I. burmanicum and their structures were identified as 7S,8R-erythro-4,7,9,9'-tetrahydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan (1), 7R,8R-threo-4,7, 9,9'-tetrahydroxy-3,3 '-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan(2) ,polystachyol(3), (-) -massoniresinol(4), angustanoic acid F (5), trans-sobrerol(6), (3S,6R) -6,7-dihydroxy-6,7-dihydrolinalool (7), (3S, 6S) -6,7-dihydroxy-6,7-dihydrolinalool (8), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-allyl-phenol (9), 3,5-dihydroxy4-hydroxy benzaldehyde (10), 3-hydroxy4-methoxybenzaldehyde (11), methyl vanillate (12), shikimic acid ethylester (13) and beta-sitosrerol (14). Except compound 14, the rest thirteen compounds were separated from this plant for the first time.

Chemical constituents from ethyl acetate extract of Artemisia rupestris

Chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract of Artemisia rupestris were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods, including silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis. 12 compounds were separated from A. rupestris and their structures were identified as 5,4'-dihydroxy -3,6,7-trimethoxy flavone (1), R-(-) -vestitol (2), tricin (3), chrysoeriol (4), 3-indole carboxylic acid (5), esculetin (6), apigenin (7), luteolin (8), trans-caffeic acid (9), casticin (10), chrysosptertin B (11) and artemetin (12). Compound 2 was obtained from the genus Artemisia for the first time, and compounds 1-6 and 9 were separated from this plant for the first time.

POTENTIAL CANCER CHEMOPREVENTIVE ACTIVITY OF STYRYLLACTONES FROM <i>GONIOTHALAMUS MARCANII</i>

Goniothalamus plants belonging to the family Annonaceae are found in Thailand and have been used as Thai traditional medicines. Members of this family are rich in a wide variety of biological active compounds including alkaloids, acetogenins and styryllactones. The present research described phytochemical study of the leaves and twigs of G. marcanii together with their cytotoxicity. The G. marcanii was selected and percolated with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The extracts were purified and elucidated chemical structures. The constituents of ethyl acetate extract of G. marcanii have been investigated. We isolated and identified three derivative styryllactones e.g., 5-hydroxygoniothalamin (1), 5-acetylgoniothalamin (2) and goniopypyrone (3). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Studies on ethyl acetate extract of G. marcanii have now resulted the isolation and structural characterization of three styryllactones. Their anticancer activities were evaluated using SRB assays. In this method, compound 1 and 2 showed potential activity in cell lines.