Presence Of Constants Research Articles

The gender dimension of social mood in modern Russia: the experience of historical and sociological analysis

Social mood is the most developed phenomenon of sociological theory and practice, the consideration of which is important for assessment and expertise in times of crises and obvious social changes. Social mood is considered as a phenomenon and an integral characteristic of the perception of life in society, the state of the human spiritual world, an integral form of life perception, the dominant of a really functioning social consciousness and behavior. To identify the gender characteristics of social positions, a primary analysis of the data of the All-Russian sociological monitoring "How are you, Russia?" (1992-2022) during the crisis and turning points of three decades of the modern history of Russia was carried out– 1993, 2001, 2008, 2014, 2022, The data of the research institute "Precariat: a new phenomenon in the socio-economic structure of society" are involved (RNF No.18-18-00024). The empirical basis for the secondary analysis was the data of the All-Russian centers for sociological research, statistical information, and publications in the media in current periods. A comparison of respondents' responses to problems, their prioritization in the opinions of women and men allowed us to identify dominant events, emerging new combinations of crisis phenomena of economic, political, and spiritual orders in the development of Russian society at mega-, meso-, and microlevels. The conclusion is made about the presence of common constants in the social positions of 1993, 2001, 2008, 2014, 2022, the stable reaction of society with the designation of the main problems of high cost of living, crime, social stratification. The situation of gender communities in the periods under review is characterized by an insufficient "safety cushion", alienation from a power resource, differences in assessments of social expectations about a woman's happiness from the point of view of men and women themselves, and the presence of gender-sensitive problems for both women and men.

Measuring Asymmetric Volatility of Bank Nifty Index using Egarch Model

The paper examines the significance of volatility models in forecasting future volatility for effective portfolio allocation and risk reduction. It compares the performance of symmetric and asymmetric models in estimating conditional variance, and linear versus non-linear GARCH models. Using secondary data from the National Stock Exchange's Nifty Bank index, the study applies Exponential GARCH (1,1) to measure asymmetric volatility and conducts various tests to confirm the suitability of the data for analysis. The results indicate clustering of volatility in Nifty Bank returns over a four-year period, with the presence of asymmetrical effects and leverage constants. The study concludes that negative information has a greater impact on volatility than positive surprises, and that market fluctuations are inversely related to stock market performance. This research provides valuable insights for portfolio selection, risk management, and asset pricing in the context of increasing volatility across various markets and industries.

Gaussian solitary wave solutions for nonlinear perturbed Schrödinger equations with applications in nanofibers

This paper presents an investigation into solutions of two types of nonlinear Schrödinger equations of logarithmic form. This model is of particular interest to researchers due to its vast application in the field of the implication of nanofibers. Through a comprehensive analysis, it was found that the solutions take the form of Gaussian-type solitary solutions. These solutions possess a variety of new structures due to the presence of many arbitrary constants and time-dependent functions in their general expressions. By fixing these constants and functions appropriately, Gaussian solitary waves for nonlinear perturbed Schrödinger equations can be represented, which could be beneficial in understanding the dynamics of these equations in nanooptical fibers. The results obtained from this study may provide a useful tool for further research into nonlinear Schrödinger equations and can be extended to fit more applications.

Neutron scattering sum rules, symmetric exchanges, and helicoidal magnetism in MnSb2O6

MnSb$_{2}$O$_{6}$ is based on the noncentrosymmetric $P321$ space group with magnetic Mn$^{2+}$ ($S={5/2}$, $L\approx 0$) spins ordering below $T_{\mathrm{N}}=12$ K in a helicoidal structure. The ground state magnetic structure, expected to be built and originate from 7 Heisenberg exchange constants, has been shown to be coupled to the underlying crystallographic chirality with polar domain switching being reported. We apply neutron spectroscopy to extract these symmetric exchange constants. Given the high complexity of the magnetic exchange network, crystallographic structure and complications fitting linear spin-wave models, we take advantage of multiplexed neutron instrumentation to use the first moment sum rule of neutron scattering to estimate the 7 exchange constants. We then use these parameters to calculate the low-energy spin-waves in the N\'eel state to reproduce the neutron response without strong antisymmetric coupling. Using Green's response functions, the stability of long-wavelength excitations in the context of proposed magnetic structures is then discussed. The results show the presence of strong exchange constants for the chiral exchange pathways and illustrate an underlying coupling between crystallographic and magnetic ``chirality" through predominantely symmetric exchange.

КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ НОВЫХ ФОРМ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ ОБОЛОЧЕК

Abstract. A large number of new surfaces are presented, formed by congruent curves with variable curvature, but remaining in the same class, and superellipses. All surfaces are included in the class-es Rotation Surfaces, Velaroidal Translaation Surfaces, and Algebraic Surfaces with a Carcass of Three Main Flat Curves. All surfaces of the same class are defined by the same general explicit and para-metric equations, and thanks to the presence of many constants in the superellipse equation, it is possible to obtain a lot of known and new surfaces. Despite the fact that the method of construction of the considered surfaces is known, in the presented article it is il-lustrated and visualized on many examples. The surfaces were constructed using a numeric computing environment MATLAB. The surfaces of a general-view superellipse were built on the basis of a new computer program that allows them to be visualized in a multimedia mode by a set change in the exponents contained in the meridian-superellipse formula. All built rotation surfaces have a common name — superellipsoids of rotation. For the first time it is shown that algebraic surfaces with a given frame in three mutually perpendicular planes, applied in shipbuilding, can also find application in the architecture of public buildings. Superellipses are used as the rigid frame of surfaces. In the overview section of the article on the basis of the available publications it is shown that the geometry of the form affects the stress-deformable state of shells with the proposed medial surfaces. The materials of the article give an opportunity in the future to find the optimal shells outlined on the considered analytical surfaces of three different classes, which are considered in the article, taking into account the criteria of optimality applied in architecture, construction, engineering and shipbuilding.

Surfactant catalyzed electron transfer mechanism in the oxidation of racemic tartaric acid by Ce(IV)

Oxidation of α-hydroxy acid, racemic tartaric acid and its kinetic studies have been carried out to establish the mechanism of oxidation. The electron transfer reaction was performed in presence of surface active agents, surfactants, a clean and green catalytic material, using Ce(IV) as the oxidant. The progress of the reaction was monitored using a spectrophotometer by recording the fall in absorbance of Ce(IV) at its λ max (wave length of maximum absorbance) of 380 nm. Disappearance of Ce(IV) is observed to be first order at constant [H + ]. Plot of log(Absorbance) against time is found to be linear in the initial stages of the reaction. The results of oxidation rates show a complex dependence of rate on [H + ]. The pseudo first order rate constants ( k ) obtained with varying substrate concentration and the plot of k obs /[substrate] vs [substrate] are observed to be excellently linear with positive slope. Plots of pseudo first order rate constants in presence of surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS) against the [SDS] abruptly rises in the concentration range below cmc (critical micelle concentration) after which the rate exponentially falls. Based on all the findings, Berezin model has been advanced to explain the observed kinetic phenomenon in the surfactant medium.

Parabolic methods for ultraspherical interpolation inequalities

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>The <i>carré du champ</i> method is a powerful technique for proving interpolation inequalities with explicit constants in presence of a non-trivial metric on a manifold. The method applies to some classical Gagliardo-Nirenberg-Sobolev inequalities on the sphere, with optimal constants. Very nonlinear regimes close to the critical Sobolev exponent can be covered using nonlinear parabolic flows of porous medium or fast diffusion type. Considering power law weights is a natural question in relation with symmetry breaking issues for Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequalities, but regularity estimates for a complete justification of the computation are missing. We provide the first example of a complete parabolic proof based on a nonlinear flow by regularizing the singularity induced by the weight. Our result is established in the simplified framework of a diffusion built on the ultraspherical operator, which amounts to reduce the problem to functions on the sphere with simple symmetry properties.</p>

Дискурсивное пространство морали: содержание, структура, специфика (на материале немецкого языка)

The study aims to construct a model of the discursive space of morality using the material of German-language texts. Scientific novelty of the work lies in substantiating the spatial way of organising the discourse of morality and involving the theory of mental spaces as a tool for modelling the discursive space of morality. The analysis has shown that morality acts as a superspace that unites all spheres of human life through moral evaluation. The temporal discreteness and constancy of the moral discourse, its rich thematic repertoire, as well as the variety of lexical units representing its participants are indicative of the spatial form of its organisation. The analysis of the examples of the most common collocations in modern German with the basic component “Moral” revealed the close connection of morality with Christianity and the presence of negative transformations in the sphere of moral consciousness. By considering morality in the diachronic aspect the researcher was able to discover the presence of constants of the moral discourse, which are the MORAL, RELIGION and VERBRECHEN concepts. As a result of the study, a model of the discursive space of morality has been constructed, its features conditioned by the specificity of morality itself have been identified, its basic and secondary components have been determined. It has been found that the discursive space of morality has a complex multilevel structure, it is constant and covers all periods of time.

Soliton based director deformation in a twist grain boundary liquid crystal

We investigate the director dynamics of a twist grain boundary liquid crystal under the one constant approximation for the different elastic constants representing the various deformation present in the liquid crystal medium. The free energy density is deduced to a higher-order vector nonlinear partial differential equation by balancing the torque experienced by the nematic molecules under a viscous field and the molecular field arises due to the presence of elastic constants. Upon employing the stereographic projection method we further reduced the vector nonlinear differential equation into a complex scalar nonlinear partial differential equation. We obtain a series of localized solutions for the complex scalar nonlinear partial differential equation through the standard tanh method.

Perspective on Some Recent and Future Developments in Casimir Interactions

Here, we present a critical review of recent developments in Casimir physics motivated by discoveries of novel materials. Specifically, topologically nontrivial properties of the graphene family, Chern and topological insulators, and Weyl semimetals have diverse manifestations in the distance dependence, presence of fundamental constants, magnitude, and sign of the Casimir interaction. Limited studies of the role of nonlinear optical properties in the interaction are also reviewed. We show that, since many new materials have greatly enhanced the nonlinear optical response, new efficient pathways for investigation of the characteristic regimes of the Casimir force need to be explored, which are expected to lead to new discoveries. Recent progress in the dynamical Casimir effect is also reviewed and we argue that nonlinear media can open up new directions in this field as well.

Closed form invariant solutions of (2+1)-dimensional extended shallow water wave equation via Lie approach

In the present letter, some invariant solutions of (2+1)-dimensional extended shallow water wave equation are studied. We reduce the equation to an ordinary differential equation(ODE) via the Lie symmetry method. The similarity transformation method is used to determine the group-invariant solutions for the equation. The method plays an important role to reduce the number of independent variables by one in each stage and finally forms an ODE. On the other hand, solutions provide rich physical configuration due to the presence of some distinct arbitrary constants and functions. Furthermore, numerical simulation has been done to trace out the derived results which illustrate the dynamic behavior of these obtained solutions.

Development of novel anti-malarial from structurally diverse library of molecules, targeting plant-like CDPK1, a multistage growth regulator of P. falciparum.

Upon Plasmodium falciparum merozoites exposure to low [K+] environment in blood plasma, there is escalation of cytosolic [Ca2+] which activates Ca2+-Dependent Protein Kinase 1 (CDPK1), a signaling hub of intra-erythrocytic proliferative stages of parasite. Given its high abundance and multidimensional attributes in parasite life-cycle, this is a lucrative target for designing antimalarials. Towards this, we have virtually screened MyriaScreenII diversity collection of 10,000 drug-like molecules, which resulted in 18 compounds complementing ATP-binding pocket of CDPK1. In vitro screening for toxicity in mammalian cells revealed that these compounds are non-toxic in nature. Furthermore, SPR analysis demonstrated differential binding affinity of these compounds towards recombinantly purified CDPK1 protein. Selection of lead compound 1 was performed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on phosphorylation and ATP binding activities of CDPK1. Furthermore, in vitro biophysical evaluations by ITC and FS revealed that binding of compound 1 is driven by formation of energetically favorable non-covalent interactions, with different binding constants in presence and absence of Ca2+, and TSA authenticated stability of compound 1 bound CDPK1 complex. Finally, compound 1 strongly inhibited intra-erythrocytic growth of P. falciparum in vitro. Conceivably, we propose a novel CDPK1-selective inhibitor, step towards developing pan-CDPK kinase inhibitors, prerequisite for cross-stage anti-malarial protection.

Nonlinear longitudinal deformations of an elastic rod under the action of a non-stationary singular source

This paper is devoted to the study of the nonlinear model of the longitudinal deformations of an elastic rod in the presence of the non-stationary external source. The presence of the non-stationary external source greatly complicates the study of this model. By methods of the symmetry analysis, all basic models of the general model, having different symmetry properties are found. A basic model that admits the widest group of Lie transformations, in comparison with other basic models, describes a deformation in the presence of a very strong singular external source at the initial moment of the time. For this model all invariant submodels are obtained. The solutions describing these submodels were found either explicitly, or their search is reduced to solving of the nonlinear integral equations. For the submodels which are described by obviously obtained solutions, we found the time and place of the destruction of the rod when a critical value of the stress (an ultimate strength of the material) was reached. Applying of the obtained formula generating the new solutions gives the families of the solutions containing additional arbitrary constants. The presence of arbitrary constants in the integral equations describing the remaining submodels allows us to study having physical meaning boundary value problems. For these invariant submodels we researched nonlinear longitudinal deformations of the elastic rod for which a longitudinal displacement and speed of its change are specified at the initial moment of the time at a fixed point. We are established the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of these boundary value problems under some additional conditions. Their solution is reduced to the solution of the integral equations, which we have solved numerically for some values of the inbox in them parameters.

An asymptotic cell category for cyclic groups

In his theory of unipotent characters of finite groups of Lie type, Lusztig constructed modular categories from two-sided cells in Weyl groups. Broué, Malle and Michel have extended parts of Lusztig's theory to complex reflection groups. This includes generalizations of the corresponding fusion algebras, although the presence of negative structure constants prevents them from arising from modular categories. We give here the first construction of braided pivotal monoidal categories associated with non-real reflection groups (later reinterpreted by Lacabanne as super modular categories). They are associated with cyclic groups, and their fusion algebras are those constructed by Malle.

Submodels of the three-dimensional model of Khokhlov–Zabolotskaya–Kuznetsov nonlinear hydroacoustics in a cubically nonlinear medium, describing the nonlinear extinction of the ultrasonic beams in the presence of dissipation

Not so long ago, the effect of increasing pressure in ultrasonic beams due to inertialess self-focusing and the effect of attenuation of powerful ultrasonic beams due to the formation of shock waves were experimentally discovered. Three-dimensional model of Khokhlov–Zabolotskaya–Kuznetsov of nonlinear hydroacoustics in a quadratically nonlinear medium in the presence of dissipation does not allow to take into account these effects. A generalization of the Khokhlov–Zabolotskaya–Kuznetsov model in a cubically nonlinear medium with the special nonlinearity coefficients describes these effects. This generalization with a special nonlinearity coefficient describes the nonlinear attenuation of high-power ultrasonic beams. Our article is devoted to the study of the submodels of this model. We obtained that an equation defined this model admits an eight parametric Lie group of the transformations. It is a main group of this equation. The submodels of this model are described by the invariant solutions of its equation. We have studied all essentially distinct, not linked by means of the point transformations, invariant solutions of rank 0 and rank 1 of this equation. These solutions are found either explicitly, or their search is reduced to the solution of the nonlinear integro-differential equations. In particular, we obtained exact solutions describing the extinction of very powerful ultrasonic beams: “ultrasonic needles” and “ultrasonic knives”, which we obtained in previous articles. The presence of the arbitrary constants in the integro-differential equations, that determine invariant solutions of rank 1 provides a new opportunities for analytical and numerical study of the boundary value problems for the received submodels, and, thus, for the original model. With a help of these invariant solutions we researched the nonlinear attenuation of high-power ultrasonic acoustic waves (one-dimensional, axisymmetric and planar) for which the acoustic pressure, speed and acceleration of its change are specified at the initial moment of the time at a fixed point. Under the certain additional conditions, we established the existence and the uniqueness of the solutions of boundary value problems, describing these wave processes. This allows us to correctly carry out numerical calculations in the study of these processes. The graphs of the pressure distribution obtained as a result of numerical solution of these boundary problems are given. From these graphs it follows that for the obtained submodels at each fixed point, the extinction of the ultrasonic beam occurs both during a finite period of time and during an infinite period of time.Application of the obtained formulas generating the new solutions for the found solutions gives the families of the solutions containing the arbitrary constants.A mechanical relevance of the obtained solutions is as follows: (1) these solutions describe in a cubically nonlinear medium with dissipation the nonlinear attenuation of high-power ultrasonic beams, (2) these solutions can be used as a test solutions in the numerical calculations performed at the studies of ultrasonic powerful beams in a cubically nonlinear medium with dissipation.

Five Sources of Contingency for Dispositionalism

AbstractLaw dispositionalism is the doctrine according to which laws of nature are grounded on powers/dispositions. In this article, I shall examine how certain laws of nature can turn out to be contingent on this view. First of all, I shall distinguish between two versions of law dispositionalism (i. e. a weak and a strong one) and I shall also single out two further theses that may be conjoined with it (i. e. strong and weak dispositional essentialism). I shall also single out four different sorts of laws of nature. Afterwards, I shall examine five sources of contingency for law dispositionalism: the contingent existence of the relevant entities involved in the laws; the contigent activation, background and possession conditions of the powers at stake; the presence of contingent constants in the laws; the presence of indeterministic powers; the presence of powers that are not essential to the entities involved in the laws.

A study of the generalization of the three-dimensional model of nonlinear hydroacoustics of Khokhlov–Zabolotskaya–Kuznetsov in a cubic-nonlinear medium in the presence of dissipation

This article is devoted to the study of the generalization of the Khokhlov–Zabolotskaya–Kuznetsov model (3KZK) of nonlinear hydroacoustics in a cubic-nonlinear medium in the presence of dissipation. This model is described by third order quasilinear partial differential equation (3KZK). We obtained that the (3KZK) equation admits an eight parametric Lie group of the transformations. The submodels of the (3KZK) model are described by the invariant solutions of the (3KZK) equation. We have studied all essentially distinct, not linked by means of the point transformations, invariant solutions of rank 1 of this equation. The invariant solutions of rank 1 are found either explicitly, or their search is reduced to the solution of the nonlinear integro-differential equations. For example, we obtained the invariant solutions that we called by “First ultrasonic needle” and “Second ultrasonic needle”. The submodels described by this solutions have the following property: at each fixed moment of the time in the field of the existence of the solutions, near some point, the pressure increases and becomes infinite in this point. These submodels can be used, in particular, in medicine as a test in preparing for the operations with a help of an ultrasound. Also we obtained the invariant solutions that we called by “First ultrasonic knife” and “Second ultrasonic knife”. The submodels described by these solutions have the following property: at each fixed moment of the time in the field of the existence of the solution, near some plane the pressure increases and becomes infinite on this plane. The same as Ultrasonic needles, these submodels can be used, in particular, in medicine as a test in preparing for the operations with a help of an ultrasound. The presence of the arbitrary constants in the integro-differential equations, that determine invariant solutions of rank 1 provides a new opportunities for analytical and numerical study of the boundary value problems for the received submodels, and, thus, for the original (3KZK) model. With a help of these invariant solutions we researched a propagation of the intensive acoustic waves (one-dimensional, axisymmetric and planar) for which the acoustic pressure, speed and acceleration of its change are specified at the initial moment of the time at a fixed point. Under the certain additional conditions, we established the existence and the uniqueness of the solutions of boundary value problems, describing these wave processes. The graphs of the pressure distribution obtained as a result of numerical solution of these boundary problems are given. A mechanical relevance of the obtained solutions is as follows: 1) these solutions describe in a cubic-nonlinear medium with dissipation the nonlinear and diffraction effects in ultrasonic fields of a special kind, 2) these solutions can be used as a test solutions in the numerical calculations, performed in studies of ultrasonic fields generated by powerful emitters in a cubic-nonlinear medium with dissipation. Application of the obtained formulas generating the new solutions for the found solutions gives the families of the solutions containing the arbitrary constants.

Extreme multistable synchronisation in coupled dynamical systems

A rule for designing extreme multistable synchronised systems by coupling two identical dynamical systems has been proposed in this paper. The basic idea behind the proposed scheme is the existence of chaos in the coupled system in the presence of initial condition-dependent constants of motion. A new conjecture has been introduced according to which an extreme multistable synchronised system can be designed if all states of one system will synchronise with the corresponding states of the other system (of the two coupled systems) and the basin of the synchronised state depends on the difference between the initial conditions of the corresponding states of the individual systems. The proposed scheme has been illustrated with the help of coupled Rossler systems, coupled Henon maps and coupled logistic maps. Moreover, the existence of flip bifurcation with the variation of initial conditions has been shown analytically as well as numerically in the case of coupled Henon maps. Numerical results are reported to show the proficiency of the proposed scheme to design extreme multistable synchronisation behaviour. This work establishes a theoretical foundation for constructing extreme multistable synchronised continuous as well as discrete dynamical systems.

Hard combinatorial problems and minor embeddings on lattice graphs

Today, hardware constraints are an important limitation on quantum adiabatic optimization algorithms: Computational problems are formulated as quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) in the presence of noisy coupling constants, and the interaction graph of the QUBO needs an effective minor embedding into a two-dimensional non-planar lattice graph. We describe new strategies for constructing QUBOs for NP-complete/hard combinatorial problems that address both of these challenges for present-day hardware. Our results include asymptotically improved embeddings for number partitioning, filling knapsacks, graph coloring, and finding Hamiltonian cycles. These embeddings can also be found with reduced computational effort. Our new embedding for number partitioning may be more effective on future quantum annealing hardware. While we focus on embedding problems onto Chimera lattices, the techniques we use, along with their limitations, generalize to any non-planar lattice graph.

A note on Smarr relation and coupling constants

The Smarr relation plays an important role in black hole thermodynamics. It is often claimed that the Smarr relation can be written down simply by observing the scaling behavior of the various thermodynamical quantities. We point out that this is not necessarily so in the presence of dimensionful coupling constants, and discuss the issues involving the identification of thermodynamical variables.