Constant Speed Diesel Engine Research Articles

Experimental Investigation on Performance Characteristics o f Diesel Engine Using Various Blended Biodiesels

Objectives: To evaluate the performance characteristics of diesel engines through experimental research with various biodiesel blends. Method: Three types of oils were chosen for this study: waste cooking oil, waste chicken oil, and palm oil. The methyl esters were produced from waste chicken oil (COME), waste cooking oil (WCOME), and palm oil (POME). The test runs were done on a 4.5 kW direct injection, air-cooled, four-stroke, single-cylinder, and constant-speed diesel engine using varied fuel at maximum load. Findings: This study finds performance analysis for a variety of methyl esters and diesel. The Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) was found to be: for Diesel (33.36%), POME (30.53%), WCOME (27.5%), COME (25.0%) at rated power (4.5) K.W. The brake thermal efficiency for palm oil methyl esters is similar to the diesel compared to the other methyl esters. Novelty: This research study provides a comparison between the diesel and methyl esters of break thermal efficiency for diesel engines. Keywords: Diesel Engine, Trans esterification, Biodiesels, Performance characteristics

Analysing the emissions and fuel efficiency of fish-waste biodiesel in a compression ignition engine

Fish oil extracted from wastes of freshwater fish catla (Labeo catla) was used to produce biodiesel. Biodiesel was blended with pure diesel in varying volumetric proportions of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. A single cylinder constant speed diesel engine was employed for experimentation and effluents like HC, CO, and smoke for FBD-powered CI engine were lesser than that of diesel-powered engine; however, the effluents of NOx were more than that of diesel. Also, the performance characteristics like Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of FBD mixed fuels are lowered, and specific fuel consumption (SFC) of FBD blends was enhanced with the increase of FBD concentration in diesel. At 2.11 kW Brake Power, the measured BTE %, CO, NOX, HC emissions for Diesel were 19.2%, 0.14%, 340, 38 ppm and the same for FBD40 were 15.5%, 0.7%, 425, 24 ppm respectively.

A Neo Emission Reduction Approach for Minimizing Atmospheric Air Pollutants Using Ternary Fuel with Pentanol and Seaweed Anti-Oxidant in Multi-Cylinder Diesel Engine

<p>This research examines the scope for reducing the air pollution caused by the transportation sector through the infusion of biofuel and antioxidants ensuring the partial replacement of conventional fuel. A four-stroke, direct-injection, multi-cylinder and constant-speed diesel engine was employed for the experimental analysis. The ternary fuel blend with a composition of 70% diesel fuel, 20% rubber seed oil and 10% of pentanol and sea weed extract in different ratios were blended to form B20, B20A1, B20A2 and B20A3. The experimental results showed smoke and carbon monoxide reduced by 4.71%, unburned hydrocarbons by 2.2 %. The NOx emission which was slightly higher compared to diesel but not higher than B20 for the blend B20A2 by 5%. The brake thermal efficiency was increased by 3.71% when compared to diesel fuel. Consequently, the B20A2 (5% seaweed and 5% pentanol additive with 70% diesel and 20% of rubber seed methyl ester oil) was found to be an environmentally biodegradable gasoline with the best emission properties. The study findings are quite promising for future which seeks towards zero emission with optimum quantity of biofuel to replace diesel.</p>

Effect of synthetic antioxidant-doped biodiesel in the low heat rejection engine

Thermal barrier coated (TBC) engines are used to increase engine performance and reduce emissions, but they increase NOx emissions. Biofuels can be doped with different types of antioxidants or additives to reduce NOx emissions and improve engine performance. In this investigation, N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine (IPPD) is used as an antioxidant. IPPD at different concentrations, viz. 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm, was mixed with Jatropha methyl ester (JME) and the mixtures were tested as fuels in a TBC piston assembled engine. The piston crown is coated with a mixture of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and cerium oxide (CeO2) with a thickness of 0.3 mm. The TBC piston is assembled in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, naturally aspirated, direct injection (DI), constant speed diesel engine for the investigation. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is higher by 18.8% than that of the conventional engine, and the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) is lower by 11.7%. Unburnt hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke emissions are lower by about 23.4%, 22.9% and 23.5%, respectively, at maximum load, after doping with the antioxidant compared with the JME-fueled conventional engine. Nitric oxide (NO) emission was reduced by 8.9% at maximum load for JME doped with 1000 ppm antioxidant.

The combustion characteristics of compression ignition engine fuelled partially by LPG-Diesel blends (Simulation study)

This paper proposes a numerical investigation of the behavior of the dual diesel-Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) engine. Numerical analysis is performed with the aid of the simulation program Diesel-RK. Three volumetric LPG blends: 5 % LPG, 8 % LPG, and 10%LPG are inducted with air intake for a single cylinder,4-stroke, constant speed diesel engine with a fixed compression ratio of 15.5/1. No dramatic change in combustion pressure is seen for 5%,8%, and 10% LPG compared to the case of 0% LPG (diesel only). Diesel's maximum energy production is 32.53 (1/deg.) at 365 degrees BTDC, and this is lowered to 30.28 (1/deg.) at the same crank angle when using 10% LPG. Maximum temperature and pressure rise a little bit by 0.14 % and 0.41 % for 10 % LPG. Increasing the LPG injection rate reduces volumetric efficiency and mechanical efficiency slightly. The results found a slight increase in NOx and a considerable reduction is captured in Bosch smoke number (BSN) when LPG is used with diesel. The obtained is validated with the findings of other researchers.

Performance and Emission Analysis of Watermelon Seed Oil Methyl Ester and n-Butanol Blends Fueled Diesel Engine

The impact of n-butanol, a next-generation biofuel, with watermelon methyl ester in a constant-speed diesel engine was analyzed. Methyl ester from watermelon seed oil is considered to be a promising alternative source to the standard diesel due to similar characterization. The n-butanol additive was added in small proportions as an oxygenated fuel for reducing emissions, improving thermal efficiency, and accelerating the combustion process. N-Butanol is blended with watermelon methyl ester in the form of emulsions in two different proportions (5% and 10% volume basis). Experiments were conducted with three different emulsions fuels, WME20, W20Bu5D75, and W20Bu10D70, and compared vis-à-vis standard diesel. Investigations revealed that the addition of n-butanol as an enhancer with WME20 improved characteristics owing to its inherent nature of oxygen content. The blending of WME with n-butanol improves brake thermal efficiency when compared to WME20 and slightly matches with standard diesel. The max BTE was recorded 32.79% for WME20Bu10D70 at the crest load. The peak BSFC was 0.26 kg/kWh for W20Bu10D70 at the crest load. The emissions such as CO, smoke opacity, and HC were significantly reduced, vis-à-vis diesel, and the oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were decreased, relative to WME20. The maximum EGT was 354.98°C for W20Bu10D70 at the crest load. The peak CO emissions were 0.078% for W20Bu5D75 at the crest load. The blending of n-butanol with WME20 reduces the ignition delay while the combustion duration increases with an increase at full load conditions. The emulsion fuels tested in an unmodified engine did no negative impact on the engine stability.

Thermal balance sheet of alternative fuel on a single cylinder DI engine

An internal combustion engine can be considered a thermodynamic open system. Investigation on blends of distilled plastic oil was performed on a constant speed diesel engine at various loading conditions. The thermal balance sheet was prepared concerning useful work i.e. heat equivalent to useful work, heat loss in jacket cooling water, heat loss in the exhaust gas, and unaccounted heat i.e. heat loss in radiation. Blends up to 20% by volume of various high-grade plastic fuels were used. The thermal balance sheet indicates that heat equivalent to brake power of 5PDB is higher than diesel at low load and 10PDB has higher HBP than diesel at high load. All blends of PDB indicate higher heat conversion into useful work. The exhaust gas temperature of all blends of high-grade plastic fuel is lower than that of diesel which shows a better conversion rate of produced heat in the cylinder into useful work.

Performance and emission characteristics of constant speed diesel engine fueled by surfactant-free microemulsions

In the current work, butanol-diesel-water microemulsions were formulated to replace up to 40% (v/v) of diesel without the use of any surfactant. These microemulsions had properties such as heating value, density, kinematic viscosity, cloud point, and copper strip corrosion rating within the standard specifications of diesel fuel oil. The microemulsions are sustainable alternatives to diesel that do not require any engine modifications. Effects of composition on the combustion characteristics of microemulsions inside the engine were also studied, which revealed that the ME80 fuels had a maximum of 8.7% reduction in fuel consumption when compared to neat diesel, ME70 fuels had equivalent fuel consumption, and ME60 fuels showed approximately 7% increase in the fuel consumption. ME80 and ME70 fuels had 6–11% reduction in energy consumption and 2.6–21.8% increase in thermal efficiency compared to those for neat diesel. The microemulsions also led to a significant reduction in almost all the emissions. The carbon monoxide emissions were reduced by upto 57% at higher loads, hydrocarbon emissions by 5.2–66.1%, and particulate matter emissions by 0.4–71.3% for these microemulsions. The NOx emissions were also 9.0–41.7% lower for ME70 and ME60 fuels. These microemulsions were sustainable, efficient, and economical compared to diesel, and hence could be used as a potential less-polluting and sustainable replacement of diesel.

WITHDRAWN: Impact of nano additives in constant speed diesel engine by using biodiesel blends as a fuel

Blending nano-additives with diesel and biodiesel assess the Performance of engine and diesel exhaust emission factors. The Zirconium Oxideand Titanium Oxide nano additives are applied to biodiesel blends in various proportions. Cedar Wood oil is used as the base oil, both nano additives are added. The nanoparticles in this study are 30 nm in size and are applied to biodiesel in various amounts. The experiments were performed on a single direct-injection Four stroke diesel engine. The performance of the diesel fuel was included, as well as the emission characteristics and performance of the engine were all investigated in the experiments.

An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Characteristics of PCCI Engine Using BiodieselEthanol Blends in Dual Fuel Mode

The global automotive industry is faced with the task of reducing global greenhouse gas emissions generated by vehicle exhaust. Heavy machinery like trucks, trailers, off-road vehicles, etc. powered by the diesel engines. These vehicles emit large quantities of NOx and smoke emissions. The simultaneous reduction of both emissions is the key challenge for the automotive industry. Burning a homogeneous charge at relatively low temperature seems to be the means to control both the emissions simultaneously. In this experimental study, the combustion, performance and emissions characteristics of a premixed charge compression Ignition Engine (PCCI) with ethanol injected in the intake manifold of the engine along with biodiesel (Palm oil methyl ester) injected directly into the combustion chamber. The experiments were carried out in a four-stroke, single cylinder vertical water cooled, constant speed diesel engine with the range of 10- 30% premixed ethanol fuel from no load to full load condition is studied. The experiments were conducted with an engine operating in PCCI mode with biodiesel – ethanol blends in dual fuel mode. The experimental results showed that there was a slight increase in Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon monoxide (CO) but there was a reduction in Nitrous-oxide (NOX) and Smoke emissions for the blend containing 70% biodiesel and 30% ethanol.

Analysis of emission and performance characteristics of compression ignition engine using Mahua oil-based biodiesel

In present work, Mahua oil-based bio-Diesel (MHD) has been extracted from the plants of Madhuca longifolia and tested its emission as well as performance characteristics using Compression Ignition (CI) engine test rig. Raw Mahua oil generally has fatty acid, it may cause maintenance problems in CI engine. Therefore, the transesterification process has been used to remove unwanted fatty acid. The transesterified Mahua oil has been added with diesel in the ratio of0%, 5%, 10% and 15% to prepare MHD. The nanoparticles of Cerium Oxide (Ce2O3) also have been added in prepared MHD (in 100 ppm proportion) as an additive to improve chemical reaction between the fuel and air inside the CI combustion chamber. The Constant speed diesel engine performance and emission characteristics of MHD have been analyzed for the different brake powers i.e. 1.15, 1.71, 2.29 and 2.75 kW. The analysis shows that the Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydro Carbon (HC) and smoke emissions decreases with increase in the blend however, the NOX emissions increases with increase in blend. The performance characteristic of the mahua biodiesel blend is very impressive compare to diesel. Even though, Mahua’s thermal efficiency is low and specific fuel consumption is good compare to diesel.

The Influence of Water and DEE as Additives with Diesel Fuel in a Light Duty Diesel Engine Generator-An Experimental Investigation

Currently, our global environment has been affected due to the air pollution caused by many sectors (such as automotive, industrial, transportation) in higher magnitudes. Many environmentalists, scientists, researchers and engineers have contributed their efforts to eradicate the air pollution. It is well known noted that most of the harmful pollutants were evolved from diesel engine power engines/plants. Considering the objective of enhancing performance and reducing harmful emissions of diesel engine, the current research work has been conducted on mixing DEE (Di-Ethyl Ether) and normal water with normal diesel fuel in definite quantities. Five stages of investigations were carried out to perform the task of blending water and DEE with the normal diesel fuel. In the first stage, to obtain the baseline readings, normal diesel fuel was experimented in a light duty constant speed diesel engine. Normal water (2% & 4% by vol.) was combined with the normal diesel fuel with the aid of emulsifiers (Span80 & Tween80) and mechanical stirrer (speed of 3000 rpm) to obtain the water blended diesel emulsion fuels in the second stage. In the third stage, DEE was mixed with water-emulsion fuels which were prepared in the second stage. The stability and properties of fuels was determined in the fourth stage. In the fifth stage, the prepared stable DEE-water-diesel emulsion fuels were tested in a light duty constant speed diesel engine generator and eventually compared to those readings of normal diesel fuel. Experimental outcome from all the tested fuels revealed that water and DEE mixed emulsion fuels reflected better performance and reduced harmful emission attributes.

Investigation of performance, emission, combustion characteristics of municipal waste plastic oil fueled diesel engine with nano fluids

ABSTRACT Plastic wastes are found to be a serious threat creating adverse environmental effects. Due to an increase in population, plastic wastes have been found to increase and so there is a need to reduce them effectively. The present work deals with the investigation of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of Municipal Waste Plastic Oil 20% blend (MPO20) fueled diesel engine with aluminium oxide, cobalt oxide, and manganese oxide nanofluids and the results have been compared with diesel fuel. Plastic oil was prepared by means of the pyrolysis process for which the fuel properties, fatty acid composition through Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and presence of functional compounds using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) have been estimated. Experimental trials were performed in a four-stroke, single-cylinder and constant speed diesel engine with a compression ratio of 17.5:1. Aluminium oxide was synthesized by the sol-gel method, manganese dioxide by co-precipitation method and cobalt oxide by chemical method. The characterization of the prepared nanoparticles has been carried out through (SEM) scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) and FTIR techniques. The nanofluids were prepared by dissolving nanoparticles in toluene and blended with MPO20 using Tween 20 surfactant in ultrasonicator. The increase in surface area to volume ratio improved the ignition properties of the fuel due to the addition of nanoparticles. The addition of nanofluids with municipal waste plastic oil blend leads to an increase in (BTE) brake thermal efficiency and a decrease in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). The experimental findings reveal that the inclusion of nanofluids reduced hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and increased NOx emissions than MPO20. The catalytic combustion of nanoparticles in the nanofluids enhances the combustion, which in turn enhanced the peak cylinder pressure and heat release rate compared to diesel.

Performance effect of nanoparticle on Mahua biodiesel fuelled in constant speed diesel engine

ABSTRACT This experimental work investigates the performance study of Mahua biodiesel by adding thallium oxide (Tl2O) at various proportion in single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled, diesel engine. The Thallium oxide nanoparticle was included with Mahua biodiesel (MUBD100) fuel at 50 and 100 PPM. The result from this experimental work found that the mahua biodiesel with thallium oxide nanoparticle has enhanced the combustion characteristics than neat mahua biodiesel. Performance characteristics namely specific fuel consumption enhanced with enhancement in Brake Thermal Efficiency for Mahua biodiesel with 50 and 100 ppm thallium oxide nanoparticle. The thallium oxide nanoparticle addition considerably lowered the exhaust gas temperature for Mahua biodiesel. Therefore, the mahua biodiesel with thallium oxide nano particle is a suitable method to enhance the usage of mahua biodiesel as an substitute fuel for diesel engine applications.

Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using waste avocado biodiesel with manganese-doped alumina nanoparticles

Biodiesel is considered as an alternative for diesel as it is renewable and biodegradable. Various feedstocks are available for biodiesel production; however the compositions of each biodiesel vary, which affect the engine performance and emission characteristics. Studies have shown that fuel-borne nanoparticle additives with biodiesel are found to improve engine performance. In the present work, experimental investigations were conducted on a single-cylinder constant speed diesel engine using waste avocado biodiesel with manganese-doped alumina nanoparticles as a fuel additive. Four different biodiesel blends were used to assess the performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of the test engine. Diesel is used as the reference fuel. With diesel, 20% biodiesel was blended and 30, 60, 90 ppm nanoparticles were added to the biodiesel blend. The entire tests were conducted at the rated power of the engine at 4.5 kW. Results showed a 5.7% increase in brake thermal efficiency, a reduction of 12.1% in brake-specific fuel consumption and a reduction of carbon monoxide by 8.5%, unburnt hydrocarbons by 23.2%, oxides of nitrogen by 6.5% and smoke by 20.5% with the addition of nanoparticles with 90 ppm concentration in the B20 biodiesel blend.

Performance and Brake Specific Fuel Cost of Constant Speed Diesel Engine for Acetylene As Alternative Fuel

Historical growth for development of power to fulfil the demands, together provides a challenge for depletion of fossil fuels. The internal combustion engines have a major share used to develop power. To fulfil the increasing demands, many researchers worked on diesel engine with biodiesel blends derived from edible and non-edible oils as an alternative fuel. Some researcher’s experimented gaseous fuels along with diesel also in which diesel will be primary fuel and gaseous fuels like acetylene will be secondary fuel. Increased rates of pollutants again required more focus in modification of engine sub-assemblies. The present study carried out to find the cost effectiveness while the constant speed diesel engine supplied 2 liter per minute flow rate of acetylene at different compression ratios. It realized that the brake specific fuel consumption and required cost to operate the engine, in case of duel fuel mode operation will be less for the compression ratio of 17. It was also noted that for idling or low load the operation of engine will be costly with duel fuel mode of operation and for maximum load the cost of operation will be barely same as the operation on only diesel. The results from performance analysis states that in duel fuel mode of operation by decreasing compression ratio to 17, no change in power out with decreased sound pressure. Also from emission analysis decreased CO2, HC emission found than only diesel operation.

Effects of blends of castor oil with pure diesel on performance parameters of direct injection compression ignition engine

Abstract This paper deals with an experimental study of a constant speed diesel engine for various blends of castor oil and pure diesel on the performance parameters of a diesel engine. The diesel engine with constant compression ratio (i.e. 18) is used with blend of pure diesel and castor oil (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%). Results indicate that the blend C20D80 gives higher indicated power than that of diesel by 550 W. It has also been observed that IMEP of C20D80 is higher than that of diesel by 1.18 bar and 0.7 bar at no-load condition and full load condition respectively. The brake thermal efficiency of blend C40D60 is higher as compared to pure diesel by 0.15% at 50% of engine load and by 0.17% at 100% of engine load respectively. Brake specific fuel consumption has higher value for blend C20D80 at engine load of 0 to 25%. It is observed that the blend C20D80 produces best results among all blends and close to pure diesel for performance parameters of a diesel engine.

Emission examination on nanoparticle blended diesel in constant speed diesel engine

This study investigates the emission behavior of diesel fuel by adding TiO2 nanoparticles in four-stroke, single-cylinder, compression-ignition (CI) engine. This work is aimed at reducing the harmful tailpipe emissions from compression ignition engine when fueled with neat diesel. 50 and 100 ppm of TiO2 nano additive were mixed with diesel using ultrasonicator. Addition of TiO2 nano additive was aimed to enhance the burning properties of diesel and lower its tailpipe emissions. Experimental work concluded that the test fuels used in this study does not require any modification in engines. In addition, the combustion of fuels was smooth and there was no physical and visible damage in the engine components when fueled with base and modified fuels. It was found that by adding 50 and 100 PPM of TiO2 nanoparticles to diesel, significant reduction in CO, HC, NOx, and Smoke emissions were observed.

Assessment of hydrogen-based dual fuel engine on extending knock limiting combustion

The key intention of this study is to effectively utilize the Madhuca longifolia oil (ML) in a diesel engine. Dual fuel mode is one of the most promising research concepts in diesel engine arena that intends to improve the performance and reduce the smoke emission. In this work, hydrogen was injected into intake manifold as primary fuel whereas the ML was injected directly into the cylinder as pilot fuel in the setup that had a single cylinder constant speed diesel engine. The performance of the engine was increased from 25% with neat ML operation to 28.5% with hydrogen-based dual fuel mode. However, the hydrogen combustion resulted in knocking, thus it had a direct impact on BTE as well. Water Injection (WI) method was used to extend the knock limit and to increase the hydrogen energy share. The researcher observed 18% and 76% improvements in BTE and smoke emission from 5% of water using mass fraction along with hydrogen. The hydrogen energy share was increased from 6% to 8.5% with 5% WI. A distinctive attempt i.e., addition of ALPG was attempted on behalf of offsetting the knock and increasing the hydrogen energy share. ALPG was inducted along with hydrogen in the range of 1, 1.5 and 2 l/m. Interestingly, 24% improvement in BTE was noted when 1.5 l/m of ALPG was inducted. In addition to this, 83% smoke emission was reduced remarkably. Overall performance of the engine was improved by extending the knock limit, WI and ALPG induction along with hydrogen.

Experimental Research on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Country Borage Methyl Ester - Diesel Blend in a Compression Ignition Engine

An Experiment has been conducted performance and emission and combustion characteristics of a single-cylinder by using country borage methyl ester (CBM) and diesel blend in a direct injection at a constant speed diesel engine. In the past few years, the investigation on the biofuels has been considerable interest by virtue of their unique physical and chemical properties. This experiment works involves the usage of country borage methyl ester and diesel blend, to study its effect on performance, combustion and emission characteristics. Diesel and country borage methyl ester fuel blends are 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, and varying load of 25% increment from no load to full load. The experiment was carried out for engine performance parameter such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of CBM 20 blend was slightly higher 3% than that of diesel. And the engine emission parameters such as hydrogen emissions is reduced 22% for CBM 20 and 32.5% for CBM 40 blend. And NOx emission was slightly increased by 5% for CBM 20 and 8% for CBM 40.