Constant Rotational Speed Research Articles

Physical Insight Into Whoosh Noise in Turbocharger Compressors Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Abstract Whoosh is typically the primary noise concern for turbocharger centrifugal compressors without ported shroud recirculating casing treatments, utilized for spark-ignition automotive applications. Whoosh is characterized by broadband elevation of noise in approximately the 4–13 kHz range, where the lower frequency boundary is dictated by the cut-on frequency of the first multidimensional acoustic mode. At mid-to-low compressor flow rates, swirling, reversed flow emanates from the leading-edge tip region of the main impeller blades, comprising an annular zone at the inducer plane. High velocity gradients are observed near the shear layer between the bidirectional forward and reverse flow which results in the formation of rotating instability cells. Whoosh noise is generated due to the interaction of these rotating instabilities with the leading edge of main impeller blades. Along a line of constant rotational speed, whoosh noise exhibits a dome-like character, where its maximum value occurs in the mid-to-low flow region and the levels decrease at elevated and reduced mass flow rates. To provide insight into the variation of broadband whoosh noise with flowrate, this work includes experimentally validated computational fluid dynamics predictions for five mass flow rates at a fixed rotational speed. These predictions span the constant speed flow range from just below the peak efficiency to near the surge boundary. Computational predictions capture the physical mechanism responsible for the dome-like character of whoosh noise as a function of flowrate at a given rotational speed.

One-To-One-To-One Internal Resonance Analysis of a Double-Cable-Stayed Flexible Beam-Structure Mounted with a Manipulator System

This paper deals with the theoretical studies to investigate the in-plane eigenvalue problems and the one-to-one-to-one internal resonance behaviors of a double-cable-stayed flexible beam-structure mounted with a manipulator system (DCFBMS) under constant rotational speed. A more precise and rigorous dynamic model with proper boundary conditions has been developed in which geometric nonlinearity and coupling nonlinearity of cables and beam are considered while the manipulator has been modeled as a rigid link. The in-plane eigenvalue problem of the model considering the boundary and continuous conditions has been evaluated and graphically demonstrated. Then, the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are obtained by Galerkin’s method and multiple scales method has been employed to further analyze the vibration attributes of steady-state responses and their stability under internal resonance condition. The nonlinear response, stability and bifurcations for one-to-one-to-one internal resonance have also been investigated by varying system parameters. Analytically obtained results have been verified by Runge–Kutta method and found to be in good agreement. The present theoretical results deliver a useful insight into the nonlinear dynamic behavior and operational stability of DCFBMS.

Sliding on cortical shell: Biomechanical characterization of the vertebral cannulation for pedicle screw insertion

BackgroundPedicular screws pull-out has been well studied unlike their insertion. A need for characterizing cannulation before pedicle screw implantation is highlighted in literature and offers promising prospects for future intra-operation instrumentation. A reliable cannulation protocol for ex-vivo testing in swine and cadaver vertebrae is presented in this work to predict extra pedicular perforation. MethodsAn MTS Acumen 3 A/T electrodynamic device, with a tri-axis 3 kN Kistler load cell mounted on a surgical tool was used to reproduce surgeon's gesture by moving at a constant rotational speed of 10°/mm and performing a three-section test. Perforation of the pedicle's cortical shell was planned through a design of experiment on the surgical tool angle at the entry point. Samples were scanned before and after mechanical tests and reproducibility of the protocol was tested on synthetic foam. Computation of the angle between cannulation tool and pedicle cortical shell was performed as well as cannulation coefficient of each perforation section. FindingsA total of 68 pedicles were tested: 19 perforated and 21 non-perforated human pedicles, 17 perforated and 16 non-perforated swine pedicles. The reproducibility of the protocol for cannulation coefficient computation resulted in an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.979. Cannulation coefficients results presented variability within spinal levels as well as between swine and human model. Correlation between bone density and cannulation coefficient was found significant (p < 0.005). Torque measurement was found to be the best predictor of perforation. Threshold of angle for prediction of perforation was found to be 21.7°. InterpretationCharacterizing pedicle cannulation enables to predict extra pedicular perforation. Influence of bone mineral density and patient-specific morphology on pedicle cannulation has been highlighted together with a comparison of swine and cadaver models.

A study on optimal rotor speed control method for helicopter power system considering the influence of infrared suppressors

Abstract In order to realize the most economical operation of helicopter power system, the optimal rotor speed control method is proposed and designed. Firstly, the simplified performance calculation model of helicopter required power and turboshaft engine are established, which constitute the performance calculation model of helicopter power system together. Then, according to the above model, through applying blade loading constraint and selecting the minimum engine fuel flow as the optimization objective, an integrated optimization method of optimal rotor speed based on golden section method is proposed, which reveals the variation law of optimal rotor speed under different operation conditions. Finally, the numerical simulation and hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulation are conducted separately to validate the optimal rotor speed control method. The results indicate that compared with constant rotor speed operation, optimal rotor speed control method can decrease engine fuel flow by more than 21 %, which proves the significant effectiveness and satisfactory feasibility. The optimal rotor speed control method ensures that the helicopter power system operates at the optimal rotor speed, and is beneficial to reach the most economical cruise target.

The Effect of Leading-Edge Wavy Shape on the Performance of Small-Scale HAWT Rotors

The purpose of this experimental work was to investigate the role of the leading-edge wavy shape technique on the performance of small-scale HAWT fixed-pitch rotor blades operating under off-design conditions. Geometric parameters such as amplitude and wavelength were considered design variables to generate five different wavy shape blade models in order to increase the aerodynamic performance of the rotor with a diameter of 280 mm. A dedicated airfoil type S822 for small wind turbine application from the NREL Airfoil Family was chosen to fulfil both the aerodynamic and structural aspects of the blades. Rotor models were tested in a wind tunnel for different wind speeds while maintaining constant rotational speed to provide the blade-tip chord Reynolds number of 4.7 × 104. The corrected tunnel data, in terms of power coefficients and tip-speed ratios, were compared first with the literature to validate the experimental approach, and then among themselves. It was observed that for minimal sizes of tubercles, the performance of the rotor increases by about 40% compared to the RB1 baseline rotor model for a low tip-speed ratio. Conversely, for the maximum size of the tubercles, there is a marked decrease of about 51% of the rotor performance for a moderate tip-speed ratio compared to the RB1 rotor model. Among these models, specifically, the RB2 rotor model with the smallest values of amplitude and wavelength provides a 2.8% higher peak power coefficient compared to the RB1 rotor model, and at the same time preserves higher performance values for a broad range of tip-speed ratios.

An experimental analysis on performance of tobacco seed oil as an alternative fuel for diesel engine

Biodiesel replaced imported oils as an ecologically beneficial alternative which may replace diesel depending on crop and oil costs. Tobacco seed oil is trans-esterified using a heterogeneous base catalyst to produce biodiesel in this study to examine the mechanical properties and emission performance characteristics using single-cylinder Kirloskar engine. Several biofuel/diesel blends were tested, and their effects on performance and efficiency were examined under varying loads at a constant rotational speed of 1500 rpm. The engine's performance and emissions characteristics were measured and compared at a fuel injection pressure of 200 bar. The results of the experimental studies show that the tobacco seed oil and biodiesel blends are more efficient than diesel fuel and their blend ratios that boost brake thermal efficiency by 10.27%, 16.66%, 9.23%, and 11.87% under 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of loading, respectively, outperform other biodiesel blends with significant environmentally sustainable emission characteristics.

КОМБІНОВАНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ КОМУТОВАНИМИ КОНДЕНСАТОРАМИ Й ВЕНТИЛЬНИМ ПЕРЕТВОРЮВАЧЕМ НАПРУГИ АСИНХРОННОГО ГЕНЕРАТОРА АВТОНОМНО ПРАЦЮЮЧОЇ МІНІ-ГЕС

The principles of operation and a static simulation model of the power-generating equipment of the autonomous power supply source based on a hydroelectric unit with a 275 kVA induction generator and a combined capacitor-inverter excitation system supplying a symmetrical passive load have been developed. The initial excitation of the generator is carried out by a bank of capacitors of the initial excitation. During low power demand the generator voltage is kept constant by adjusting the reactive power of the semiconductor converter, and at high loads, the voltage is adjusted as a result of the switching of additional capacitor banks. The developed methodology for performance analysis the pro-posed power supply source is based on the IG equivalent circuit. Computations of the static characteristics of the gen-erator operating with a constant rotor speed were carried out and the obtained static characteristics were analyzed for two set values of the load power factor. Ref. 5, fig. 4, table.

KINERJA DAN EMISI MESIN DIESEL 1 SILINDER BERBAHAN BAKAR CAMPURAN BIODIESEL NYAMPLUNG DAN ETANOL

Research has been carried out on the effect of biodiesel and ethanol fuel mixtures on diesel engine performance and emissions. Ethanol (C2H5OH) is a type of alcohol that can improve the characteristics of biodiesel. The effect of ethanol on engine performance was investigated by adding B30 (a mixture of 30% nyamplung biodiesel (calophyllum inophyllum) and 70% petrodiesel). The concentration of ethanol added to B30 is 10% v/v which is called the B30E10 mixture. The composition of the fuel mixture is B0 (petrodiesel), B30, B30E10 and Pertadex. The research was conducted on a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine with a natural air system and coupled to a generator that functions as a dynamometer. Three times the test was carried out for each load applied to the engine varying from 0, 200, 400, and 600 W at a constant rotation speed of 1700 rpm. The research results that the constant engine speed method and variations in lamp load produce torque values (Nm) and effective power (kW) which tend to be the same between fuels, this happens because it is influenced by the governor mechanism. The highest fuel consumption occurred at the addition of 10% ethanol (B30E10). The lowest thermal efficiency occurs in B30E10. Exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide decreased with the addition of 10% ethanol.

IMPACT OF SOLID BOUNDARIES AND VISCOSITY OF THE MEDIUM ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE INERTIAL AND VORTEX COMPONENTS OF THE NORMAL FORCE OF A ROTATING PLATE. PART 1

Within the framework of the improved method of discrete vortices, generalized for viscous media, a method was developed for determining the contribution of forces of inertial, vortex and circulation nature to the normal force of a plate moving in a stationary viscous boundless medium according to an arbitrary law, in the presence of a wall and in a channel. The developed method was tested for the case of instantaneous angular start of the plate and subsequent constant angular speed of rotation (Wagner's problem) in a viscous boundless medium, in the presence of a wall and in a channel, in laminar and turbulent modes. The inertial-vortical nature of the normal force of the plate (with the dominance of inertial forces) was confirmed, which rotates after an instantaneous start with the separation of the flow from both its edges, regardless of the presence of solid boundaries and laminar or turbulent flow regimes. It has been clarified, that in the case of the laminar regime, the influence of the presence of the wall on the reduced inertial component of the normal force of the plate is insignificant, but the influence of the channel leads to a faster departure of the laminar vortex from the front edge of the plate, which leads to a gradual increase in the contribution of the inertial component of the normal force of the plate up to 100% and more at the end of rotation plates. Approximately the same happens in the case of the absence of solid boundaries, when a turbulent vortex of a larger size and intensity than the corresponding laminar one moves away from the leading edge of the plate.

Braking performance and temperature characteristics analysis of parallel multi-channel magnetorheological brake

In order to improve the braking performance of magnetorheological (MR) brake, a new MR brake with parallel multi-channel structure was developed in this paper. The three layers of axial damping gaps in the MR brake were utilized by using of the magnetic conductivity of the material, and the double excitation coils was also adopted to effectively improve the braking performance. The braking torque and temperature characteristics were analyzed theoretically, and the electromagnetic field and temperature field were simulated and verified. Braking performance and temperature characteristics of the parallel multi-channel MR brake were tested, and the torque, braking time and temperature characteristics of the MR brake were obtained. The test results show that under the condition of constant rotational speed of 700 r/min and applied current of 2 A, the maximum torque can reach 26.25 N⋅m, and the temperature rises from 18.3 °C to 58.01 °C within 20 s. Meanwhile, the braking time is about 1.63 s.

Fuzzy neural network PID control design of camellia fruit vibration picking manipulator

Due to the growth characteristics of the flowers and fruits of camellia in the same period, the vibrating camellia fruit picking machine needs to ensure the constant rotational speed of the vibrating hydraulic motor when the picking mechanism is operating, to achieve a constant vibration frequency, to ensure that the camellia fruit can smoothly fall off the branches through vibration. In contrast, the camellia fruit does not fall off. In this regard, this paper deduced the state space equation of the camellia fruit picking machine’s valve-controlled vibrating hydraulic motor system and designed a fuzzy wavelet neural network PID controller (FWNN PID controller) based on the traditional incremental PID control principle. Then the designed vibration picking manipulator control system was simulated under no-load, 5 s load conditions, and load start conditions with MATLAB/Simulink, a general PID controller and a fuzzy RBF neural network PID controller (FRBFNN PID controller) were used to contrast with it. The results show that the general PID controller has a slow response speed and poor robustness, while fuzzy neural network PID controllers (including FWNN PID controller and FRBFNN PID controller) have a fast response speed and strong robustness, which can well meet the requirements of a specific vibration frequency. Finally, a field test was carried out. The results show that the FWNN PID control is better than the FRBFNN PID control. Furthermore, the FWNN PID controller obviously reduced the drop rate of camellia flowers within 6% while ensuring the picking efficiency above 90%, which can well meet the needs of the camellia fruit picking operation.

The Correlation of Kissing Bond, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the 2195 Al-Li Alloy Friction Stir Welding Joints at Different Welding Speeds

Reasonable welding speeds are a prerequisite for obtaining high-quality joints by friction stir welding (FSW). In this paper, 2195-T8 Al-Li alloy FSW joints were successfully fabricated at different welding speeds (100–600 mm/min) with a constant rotation speed. The effect of welding speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties was analyzed under different experimental methods. Microstructural characterization was conducted using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mechanical properties were measured by a hardness test and a tensile test. The results showed that the original T1 precipitates disappeared in the nugget zone (NZ), generating many dislocations. With welding speeds increasing, joints obtained at lower welding speeds developed coarser T1 precipitates in the heat-affected zone. Also, the equiaxed grains with a bigger size and a higher fraction of high angle boundaries (HABs) were detected in the NZ of these joints. As the welding speed increased, the area of hardness value changes gradually shrunk, which was consistent with the trend of the cross-section morphology. A kissing bond and macroscopic cracking were observed in the joints that were fabricated at the higher welding speeds. The appearance of those defects significantly reduced the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the joints at high welding speeds. Fracture morphologies of the different joints were all characterized in quasi-cleavage fractures.

Transmission shafts vibrations in transient rotating modes

The paper presents the investigation results of the transmission shaft dynamic behavior in transient modes of motion with change of the rotational speeds. Such modes occur during the transmission shaft transmits torque from engine to executive device. This process can be accompanied by vibration with change of frequency and amplitude of shaft oscillation. Therefore, the question of studying the dynamic behavior of such systems with identifying the impact of rotational speeds changing on them is relevant. In this regard, the study was done by developed software, in which a technique of computer simulation of the oscillating motion of considerable rotating rods under the action of inertia forces is implemented. Such software gives the possibility to model the oscillatory motion of rotating rods and determine the parameters by which the dynamic stability loss of the studying system can occur. Using this software, the diagrams of rod oscillating motion of the rotating shaft were drawn for definite parameters of the considered system. The process of oscillation is considered in space. The mathematical model of transverse oscillations is described by system of differential equations in rotating coordinate system that is tied to the shaft, but diagrams of oscillations is shown in inertial coordinate system. It is shown that when the speed of rotation changes, namely at the time interval of its increase, this process continues with growth of oscillation frequency during the acceleration time. Also shown that the amplitude of oscillations increases, too. After pass to next constant speed of rotation, the frequency of oscillations, as shown in diagrams, decreases back. Such increase of oscillation frequency during the acceleration can lead to undesirable consequences of destructive nature.

Considerations for the Design of a Wheelchair Dynamometer Concerning a Dedicated Braking System

As part of ongoing research, a wheelchair dynamometer has been designed and built. This device is a complex test stand, enabling research on the operation of wheelchairs, taking into account a number of biomechanical factors in laboratory conditions. Based on a review of the available literature, the braking system was designed and constructed as a part of a dynamometer drive system. This has resulted in a design issue concerning the optimal selection of the electromechanical drive combined with a hydraulic system as the actuator of the brake. The purpose of the research discussed here is to determine the characteristics of the braking system. For this purpose, a series of tests were carried out using a wheelchair with an electric drive, which allowed the generation of a constant rotational speed in the range between 72 rpm and 222 rpm. Based on the test results, the hysteresis of the developed braking system and the characteristics of the braking power were determined.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Friction-Welded Commercially Pure Ti and Ti–6Al–4V Alloy

Here, we investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar joints between grade 2 commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti-2) and Ti–6Al–4V alloy welded via friction welding. Accordingly, specimens with 15 mm diameter and 50 mm length were prepared, and friction welding was performed at a constant rotation speed (1600 rpm) and different upset lengths: 1, 2, and 3 mm. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) method was introduced to systematically analyze grain boundary characteristic distributions (GBCDs), such as grain size, grain orientation, phase distribution, and misorientation angle distribution. In addition, mechanical properties of dissimilar joints were evaluated using the micro-Vickers hardness and tensile test machine. The microstructures at both sides of the CP-Ti-2 and Ti–6Al–4V alloy were refined materials, compared with each base material. These grain refinements were determined via dynamic recrystallization accompanied by frictional heat and severe plastic deformation. In addition, the increase in the upset length distinctively affected the change trend of the grain size of the CP-Ti-2 and Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The hardness values in regions around the weld interface were higher than those of base materials. Furthermore, yield and tensile strengths were maintained at a similar level to those of CP-Ti-2, and the tensile specimens were fractured at the base material zone of CP-Ti-2, not at the weld interface and its periphery. Consequently, friction welding to dissimilar joints between the CP-Ti-2 and Ti–6Al–4V alloy was successfully conducted and sound welded materials without welding defects were obtained.

Influence of tool pin profiles on waviness and natural frequency during friction stir welding of Al-Li alloys plates

The third generation of Al-Li 2050-T84 alloy was primarily used in aerospace industries due to its exceptional potential for weight saving, high strength, and increased fatigue crack growth resistance. In the present research, three different types of tool pin profiles, namely, hybrid, taper threaded, and triangular, were used to join 2050-T84 Al-Li alloy by using Friction Stir Welding (FSW) at a constant rotational speed of 23.33 rotation/second with a traverse speed of 0.003 meters per second and tilt angle of 2°. The research explored the effect of different tools on weld bead structure, waviness and natural frequency of welded plates. The experimental results show that the hybrid tool pin side generates 10.9% higher heat than the threaded taper tool and 25.8% higher than the triangular tool. Moreover, the hybrid tool produces 50.1% lower waviness of welded specimens than the threaded taper tool and 55.7% lower than the triangular tool at the nugget zone (NZ). The research established that a hybrid tool pin profile is advantageous as it generates a higher frequency and lower acceleration under the applied load in friction stir welded specimens.

Effect of welding speeds on the metallurgical and mechanical property characterization of friction stir welding between dissimilar aerospace grade 7050 T7651-2014A T6 aluminium alloys

Friction stir welding (FSW) is an effective technique for producing quality welds and resolving solidification issues of aluminium alloys found in fusion welding (FW) techniques. This study seeks to establish the effect of welding speeds (WSs) of 25, 45, 65, and 85 mm/min with a constant tool rotation speed (TRS) of 1000 rpm and a tool tilt angle (TTA) of 20. Furthermore, mechanical testing was performed to determine the tensile strength, microhardness, and residual stresses. In addition, microstructure characterization was performed using optical microscopy, SEM/EDS and EBSD to identify the quality assurance of the dissimilar AA7050 T7651-AA2014A T6 weld joint. The results indicated that while the WS increased from 25 to 85 mm/min, the width of the stir zone decreased from 9.497 mm to 6.315 mm, according to the macrostructure analysis. Moreover, microstructural analysis reveals the direction of material flow and grain structure on the advancing side (AS) and retreating side (RS) of the thermo-mechanical affected zone (TMAZ) in the weldment. EBSD analysis reveals the 65 mm/min weld joint has a finer grain size (the average grain size is 2 µm) compared to other WS. Residual stress analysis also reveals compressive residual stress in all weld zones except for RS. The RS of residual stress values for 25–85 mm/min weld joints is 3, 7, 4, and 5 MPa. At the same time, UTS values were obtained as 274 MPa (25 mm/min), 317 MPa (45 mm/min), 332 MPa (65 mm/min), and 308 MPa (85 mm/min), and fracture occurred on the RS of all the welded joints, which was confirmed by harness values that are (AS and RS) 115–157 HV and 63–154 HV, respectively. The observed results show that WS at 65 mm/min has better mechanical and metallurgical properties than other welding speeds because of proper material mixing and finer grains obtained in the weldment, which resulted in higher UTS values being attained for WS at 65 mm/min of the FSW joint.

Farklı Frez Türlerinin Kullanımında Açığa Çıkan Sıcaklık Değerlerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Aim: In our study, we aimed to measure the amount of released head by recording it with a thermal camera during the osteotomies made utilizing round, fissure and lindemann burs to the synthetic bone blocks to simulate the mandible ramus region which is often preferred when obtaining autogenous bone from the mouth. Material and Methods: The burs in our study were used at rotational speeds of 10000 rpm and 15000 rpm and feed rates of 60 mm/min and 90 mm/min, and each osteotomy was made with a CNC milling machine in order to standardize the applied force. Results: According to the results of our study, the highest temperatures were observed in the fissure bur groups, and the round bur and lindemann bur groups gave similar results. In addition, when the feed rate is increased from 60 mm/min to 90 mm/min in all groups at constant rotational speed, the heat released increases significantly. When the groups are evaluated within themselves; the temperature values observed at 15000 rpm and 60 mm/min feed rate in the groups using round bur were found to be significantly lower than the group observed at 10000 rpm and 60 mm/min feed rates (p=0.028), in fissure bur groups, the temperature values observed at 10000 rpm and 60 mm/min feed rate were significantly lower than the values observed at 15000 rpm and 60 mm/min feed rates (p=0.028). No statistically significant difference was observed between the heat exchange averages of the 10000 rpm and 15000 rpm groups at a Lindemann bur 60 mm/min feed rate (p=0.182). Conclusion: This study has shown that while the generated heat in the bone is thought to increase when the bur speeds are increased, the head generated according to bur designs can decrease and it is necessary to operate according to the characteristic features of the preferred bur.

Operating mode of Brayton-cycle-based pumped thermal electricity storage system: Constant compression ratio or constant rotational speed?

Pumped thermal electricity storage (PTES) is a thermomechanical energy storage technology that offers the advantages of geographical independence, high energy density, and low-cost. It has attracted considerable interest from scholars at home and abroad. At present, research on the thermo-economic performance of this technology is relatively in-depth. However, there remains a lack of research on its operational control strategy, which is crucial for technological industrialisation. This study innovatively proposes two operation modes for compressors and expanders operating at a constant rotational speed (CRS): the CRS-CMF and CRS-VMF modes. The performances under the proposed modes were comprehensively compared with that under the traditional constant compression ratio (CCR) operation mode, and optimisation was performed. The results revealed that the proposed CRS operation mode significantly improved the system storage performance compared to that under the CCR mode. Under the design conditions, the highest round-trip efficiency of 64.67% can be obtained in the CRS-VMF mode. Better output stability was obtained under the CRS-CMF mode, and the delivery power offset ratio reduced from over 50% under the CCR mode to a minimum of 19.13%. When air was used as the working medium, the loss was relatively high; however, better output stability was obtained. Sensitivity analysis showed that a larger charging/discharging duration and upper temperature could achieve better energy storage performance. This research can provide a theoretical basis for formulating appropriate system control schemes and further optimising operational control strategies.

Effect of melt-to-solid volume ratio and preheating temperature on Mg/Al bimetals interface by centrifugal casting

Compound casting is an efficient method for bonding dissimilar metals, in which a dramatic reaction can occur between the melt and solid. The centrifugal casting process, a type of compound casting, was applied to cast Al/Mg dissimilar bimetals. Magnesium melt was poured at 700°C, with melt-to-solid volume ratios (Vm/Vs) of 1.5 and 3, into a preheated hollow aluminum cylinder. The preheating temperatures of the solid part were 320, 400, and 450°C, and the constant rotational speed was 1,600 rpm. The cast parts were kept inside the casting machine until reaching the cooling temperature of 150°C. The result showed that an increase in preheating temperature from 320 to 450°C led to an enhanced reaction layer thickness. In addition, an increase in the Vm/Vs from 1.5 to 3 resulted in raising the interface thickness from 1.2 to 1.8 mm. Moreover, the interface was not continuously formed when a Vm/Vs of 3 was selected. In this case, the force of contraction overcame the resultant acting force on the interface. An interface formed at the volume ratio of 1.5 was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and the results demonstrated the formation of Al3Mg2, Al12Mg17 and (δ+Al12Mg17) eutectic structures in the interface.