Constant Motion Research Articles

An improved deep learning-based optimal object detection system from images

Computer vision technology for detecting objects in a complex environment often includes other key technologies, including pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, and digital image processing. It has been shown that Fast Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with You Only Look Once (YOLO) is optimal for differentiating similar objects, constant motion, and low image quality. The proposed study aims to resolve these issues by implementing three different object detection algorithms—You Only Look Once (YOLO), Single Stage Detector (SSD), and Faster Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN). This paper compares three different deep-learning object detection methods to find the best possible combination of feature and accuracy. The R-CNN object detection techniques are performed better than single-stage detectors like Yolo (You Only Look Once) and Single Shot Detector (SSD) in term of accuracy, recall, precision and loss.

Observations of interventricular septal behavior during left bundle branch pacing.

Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) involves the deployment of the lead deep inside the septum. Penetration of the septum by the lead depends on the texture of the septum, rapidity of rotations, operator experience, and implantation tools. The aim of our study was to assess the behavior of the lumenless lead during rapid rotations and the physiological property of the interventricular septum(IVS) during LBBP. Patients undergoing LBBP between January 2021 and December 2022 were retrospectively included in the study. Among 255 attempted patients, 20 (7.9%) had procedural failure(no LBB capture-four, inability to penetrate septum-seven, and dislodgements after sheath removal-nine). Septal penetration achieved in 248/255 patients (97.2%). Lead movement inside the IVS was assessed by lead traverse time. Based on the behavior of the IVS (n = 255), three different responses were noted. Type-I response(normal/firm septum) in 93.7% (n = 239) characterized by constant and progressive movement of lead. Neither perforation nor further change in premature-ventricular-complex morphology beyond M-beat were observed despite additional few unintentional rotations indicating the protective mechanism of LV-endocardium. Type-II response(soft/cheesy septum) in 3.5% (n = 9) characterized by hyper-movement of lead without resistance due to altered texture of septum and poor LV subendocardial barrier resulting in perforation. No patients in this group had LV dysfunction or associated coronary artery disease. In type-III response, seen in 2.8% (n = 7), lead could not be penetrated due to scar in IVS. Three different patterns of responses were observed during LBBP. The most distinct type-ll response was associated with soft/cheesy septum with hyper-movement of the lead predisposing for future dislodgments in patients without structural heart disease.

Decentralized Approach for Translational Motion Estimation with Multistatic Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems

This paper addresses the estimation of the target translational motion by using a multistatic Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) system composed of an active radar sensor and multiple receiving-only devices. Particularly, a two-step decentralized technique is derived: the first step estimates specific signal parameters (i.e., Doppler frequency and Doppler rate) at the single-sensor level, while the second step exploits these estimated parameters to derive the target velocity and acceleration components. Specifically, the second step is organized in two stages: the former is for velocity estimation, while the latter is devoted to velocity estimation refinement if a constant velocity model motion can be regarded as acceptable, or to acceleration estimation if a constant velocity assumption does not apply. A proper decision criterion to select between the two motion models is also provided. A closed-form theoretical performance analysis is provided for the overall technique, which is then used to assess the achievable performance under different distributions of the radar sensors. Additionally, a comparison with a state-of-the-art centralized approach has been carried out considering computational burden and robustness. Finally, results obtained against experimental multisensory data are shown confirming the effectiveness of the proposed technique and supporting its practical application.

«LIFE IN-BETWEEN»: SPACE, TOPOS, SELF IN THE CONTEXT OF POLIMEDIA REALITY

The theoretical analysis of the article focuses on understanding the topology of modern socio-cultural space, the peculiarities of which (re)configuration can be explained by the dynamic construction of the «in-between». The configurative format «in-between» means the ontological quality that most vividly embodies the experience of hybrid existence in the modern «multimedia environment», the zone of dynamic multiplicity of real and virtual, public and private, the main feature of which is mobility. It is shown that under the conditions of the new mobility, life becomes more variable, fluid, multilayered, that is, it corresponds to a reality that cannot be reduced to an either/or alternative. Therefore, the heuristic possibility of essentialist binary dichotomies, which excessively narrow the pragmatics of modern human existence, is questioned. It is noted that in the context of the social and existential challenges of the digital culture, the configuration of human life-space is no longer contained within modern ontological binary oppositions such as public/private, outside/inside, closedness/openness, stable/turbulent, own/other. It is proved that, in contrast to the binary world order of the «first»/organized modernity, the topological position of the «in-between» is made possible by a completely different logic, the fundamental points of which are the processes of constant transfers of public/private, performativity and situationality, procedurality, (de)localization, flexibility, transparency, topological multiplicity. It is argue changes in the nature of subjectivity (here: the ability to act). In particular, under the conditions of a multimedia, networked reality, the ability to «live in motion», i.e., to be mobile, tuned to constant movement, the endless search for new places, relationships, impressions, identities, locations, are the sought-after qualities of human subjectivity. It has been established that together with new opportunities, digital network structures also dictate a new life imperative, which enables appropriate behavioral practices marked by a frank orientation towards the public performance of private roles: any (in)action must be recorded in the media. The result of deprivation processes is the transformation of the social order of society into an intimate space of collective life (privatization). rresponding

The concept of computational thinking in mathematics education

This article is part of an investigation that aimed to develop, from conceptual nexuses and assumptions of cultural-historical theory, the theoretical concept of computational thinking for its development in mathematics education. Therefore, a study of the logical-historical movement of the term “computational thinking” in mathematics education was carried out, seeking to explain how and under what conditions the term was used in academic and documental productions in Brazil. In summary, the results indicate that studies corresponding to computational thinking in mathematics education are still incipient in Brazil and, until then, there was no concept for this term in the area. Thus, this concept was developed in order to establish three conceptual nexuses: problem-solving, algebraic thinking, and algorithmic thinking, which are in constant motion as they are dialectical, historical, logical, and cultural.

Хронотоп сельских картинок в «Легком дыхании»: Бунин – Жемчужников – Пушкин

The article is devoted to the study of the chronotope of Bunin’s story “Light Breathing” in connection with Bunin’s cosmogonic conceptual system, which includes ideas about the opposite processes of destruction and regeneration of the world, about breaking the whole into parts and simultaneous collecting the whole from the parts, where the parts are identical, a part is equal to the whole and vice versa. Similar relationships exist between space and time as two components of the chronotope, as well as between languages in a multilingual code, which Bunin used to expand the possibilities of textual deployment of the system. Two cycles of poems by A.M. Zhemchuzhnikov with the same names “Rural pictures and impressions” and the poem “Winter Morning” by A.S. Pushkin play an important role in the formation of the chronotope of the story. The intertext does not act as a collection of disparate references to the texts of predecessors, but represents a systematic formation. The use of the noted pretexts is not accidental: it is built into the Faustian code that connects the ideas about Faust and Fasts and is used by Bunin for the textual deployment of his cosmogonic-eschatological system. The temporal and spatial components of the chronotope as a whole undergo metamorphoses, which reveal the commonality of spatial and temporal characteristics. The space in the story is divided into urban and suburban (countryside); the latter includes the cemetery and the village. The spatial component of the chronotope is characterized by constant circular movements between them. A variety of textual and non-textual techniques contribute to the close identification of these loci, as well as more fractional loci of Olya Meshcherskaya’s rural walk. In a similar way, the circular movement of the annual year is combined with the emphasis on individual events of the story (summer events described in Olya Meshcherskaya’s diary entry, Olya’s conversation with the primary gymnasium, class lady at Olya’s grave). Each of them is identical to all the others and, consequently, to the whole year. The chronotope includes the city of Yelets, unnamed in the story, whose status in Bunin’s conceptual system simultaneously covers both urban and rural loci, and these loci themselves show a tendency to move into the world dimension.

Reference Frames: If Inertial, Then Geocentric

Applying the laws of dynamics to discern future motion is not an easy thing to do, for there are cases where these laws fail to predict what’s really measured. Inertial frames are thought to provide a stable platform of reference frames from which to solve this failure of dynamics, but current fundamental definitions related to dynamics are often incomplete, in conflict or just illogical. Adopting a credible definition of inertial frames and applying it to frames of reference in constant relative motion leads to a surprising discovery, challenging the scientific wisdom of the last five centuries and raising far-ranging and deep questions that spill over into modern worldviews and religion. As usual the epistemology is based on the scientific method’s dependence on testing and the rationality of philo-realism.

Rotational and inverse-square potential effects on harmonic oscillator confined by flux field in a space–time with screw dislocation

This research paper delves into the study of a nonrelativistic quantum system, considering the interplay of noninertial effects induced by a rotating frame and confinement by the Aharonov–Bohm (AB) flux field with potential in the backdrop of topological defects, specifically a screw dislocation. We first focus on the harmonic oscillator problem, incorporating an inverse-square repulsive potential. Notably, it becomes evident that the energy eigenvalues and wave functions are intricately influenced by multiple factors: the topological defect parameter [Formula: see text] (representing the screw dislocation), the presence of a rotating frame engaged in constant angular motion with speed [Formula: see text] and the external potential. Then we study the quantum behavior of nonrelativistic particles, engaging in interactions governed by an inverse-square potential, all while taking into account the effects of the rotating frame. In both scenarios, a significant observation is made: the quantum flux field’s existence brings about a shift in the energy spectrum. This phenomenon bears a resemblance to the electromagnetic Aharonov–Bohm effect.

Track-before-detect for bistatic radar based on pseudo-spectrum

Track-Before-Detect (TBD) is an efficient method to detect dim targets for radars. Conventional TBD usually follows an approximate motion model of the target, which may cause an inaccurate integration of the target energy. A TBD technique on basis of pseudo-spectrum in mixed coordinates adopting an accurate motion model for bistatic radar system is developed in this paper. The predicted position in bistatic polar plane is derived according to a nonlinear function that exactly describes the constant Cartesian velocity motion. Then around the predicted position, a pseudo-spectrum is formulated and its samples are accumulated to the integration frame for energy integration. The evolution of the state and the procedure of accumulation of the target energy are derived elaborately. The superior performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by some simulations.

Evaluating the performance of the twin tunnel complex in soft soil subjected to horizontal ground shaking

Tunnel construction in soft soil necessitates a thorough evaluation of soil behavior, embedment depth, ground heaves, and tunnel distortions, especially in earthquake-prone areas. This study presents a numerical parametric investigation of an unconventional tunnel complex formed by combining the closely located twin tunnels. The complex is subjected to varying horizontal ground vibrations, and the influence of lining thickness, embedment depth, and interface conditions on seismic-induced thrusts, shear forces, bending moments, tunnel distortions, and ground heaves is assessed. The applicability of analytical solutions from existing literature for singular tunnels is examined through detailed analyses of different embedment ratios. The study reveals that increased tunnel flexural rigidity leads to higher seismic-induced bending moments in the tunnel complex. Comparison of full-slip and no-slip interface conditions shows that the former exhibits reduced overall tunnel distortions. Furthermore, a comparison is made with a conventional-shaped rectangular tunnel complex. The results indicate that the twin tunnel complex behaves more rigidly under a constant embedment ratio and input motion amplitude. It also results in lower ground heaves and suffers lesser induced lining forces during seismic events, making it a superior performer in comparison. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the behavior of twin tunnel complexes in soft soil under seismic conditions, showcasing their advantages over conventional shaped tunnels in terms of tunnel distortions, ground heaves, and overall structural response.

Surprising Effects of Rocking Motion on Leishmania tarentolae Behavior in Culture and Implications for Cell Stress

Leishmania are an understudied genus of parasitic protozoans causing significant health problems for people, particularly in tropical climates. To better understand the growth of Leishmania and potential drug sensitivity implications, the effects of motion on cells grown in vitro were probed. Using a stock Leishmania tarentolae cell culture, cells were placed in 10 mL of a Brain–Heart Infusion medium in either a non-moving (static) environment or on a flat platform of one of two lab rockers (set at a minimal speed) in a dark environment for 13 days. Also, the addition of 0.5 M of L-Proline was evaluated. Microscopy, cell clumping, cell viability, and secreted acid phosphatase (SAP) activity data were collected. Results show that a constant slow rocking motion changed cell growth, clumping behavior, and detectable SAP activity relative to the no-motion cultures, but this change was dependent on which rocker was used, indicating a complexity in the growth of these cells in culture. Thus, continuous motion affects the stresses placed on the cells during a growth curve under some conditions. The implications of this study lead to questions about the effects of motion on the efficacy of pharmaceutical testing in vitro. Further study of the effects of motion on Leishmania is important.

Centrosome Movements Are TUBG1-Dependent.

The centrosome of mammalian cells is in constant movement and its motion plays a part in cell differentiation and cell division. The purpose of this study was to establish the involvement of the TUBG meshwork in centrosomal motility. In live cells, we used a monomeric red-fluorescence-protein-tagged centrin 2 gene and a green-fluorescence-protein-tagged TUBG1 gene for labeling the centrosome and the TUBG1 meshwork, respectively. We found that centrosome movements occurred in cellular sites rich in GTPase TUBG1 and single-guide RNA mediated a reduction in the expression of TUBG1, altering the motility pattern of centrosomes. We propose that the TUBG1 meshwork enables the centrosomes to move by providing them with an interacting platform that mediates positional changes. These findings uncover a novel regulatory mechanism that controls the behavior of centrosomes.

Three Serious Mistakes in Einstein’s Original Paper of Special Relativity in 1905

It is revealed in this paper that there were three serious mistakes in the Einstein’s original paper in 1905. Einstein did not prove that the motion equation of classical electromagnetic field could satisfy the invariance of the Lorentz coordinate transformation. The Einstein’s derivations on the formulas of transverse and longitudinal masses, as well as the calculation on the mass-energy relation are wrong. 1. In order to prove that the classical Maxwell electromagnetic field equation satisfied the invariance of Lorentz transformation in free space without charged and current, Einstein introduced the transformations of electromagnetic fields themselves, called the Einstein’s transformations of electromagnetic fields. However, these transformations are completely different from the Lorentz transformations of electromagnetic fields themself, which leads to contradiction and does not hold. 2. For the electromagnetic field equations in non-free space with charge and current, the Einstein’s transformations can not make the electromagnetic fields unchanged under the Lorentz transformation. 3. The constitutive equations of electromagnetic theory in the medium do not satisfy the invariance of the Lorentz transformation too. Therefore, the classical electromagnetic field equations have no the invariance of the Lorentz transformation actually, and the most important theoretical and experimental basis of special relativity do not exist. 4. The Einstein's derivations on the formulas of transverse and longitudinal masses have a series of elementary mistakes in mathematics and physics. Einstein took the relative speed between two reference frames as the arbitrary moving velocity of a particle, and the obtained formulas were completely different from the existing mass-velocity of special relativity. 3. When Einstein derived the mass-energy relationship, he only calculated the work done by the force in the x-axis direction of particle’s motion, ignoring the work done by the force at the y- and z-axes directions. Meanwhile, the constant relative motion velocity between two reference frames was misused as the variable arbitrary velocity of a particle. Therefore, Einstein had not derived the mass-velocity formula and mass-energy relationship used in the present special relativity.

Spirende professionelle

Society's complexity and constant movement place great demands on education programs to train competent, reflexive, robust and committed students who can think, act and act in a qualified and professional manner. In this article, we will examine the students' experience of professional identity formation during practicum. Educating into a profession and developing a professional identity is a transition that contains many complex facets in the form of developing expert knowledge, skills, behavior, attitudes, and professionalism (Wilson et al., 2013). Barnet (2012) describes this transition as a dynamic journey without a specific destination, which is influenced by both the individual's personal characteristics and the professional practice that the individual participates in. The starting point is impact in practice courses on the Social Education and the Medical Education, where social identities is articulated and the formation of professional identity is the focal point (Rothuizen, 2015; Van den Broek et al., 2020; Rothuizen & Togsverd, 2020a). Based on an analysis of field studies and focus group interviews with students, an argument is made for understanding the concept as social identity based on the general picture drawn from the data. The understanding of social identity contains adjustment of the self in relation to the profession and the exercise thereof (action). Knowledge that is essential in the debate about how professions are trained for a complex and changing world.

The Rule of Law State as a Dynamic Phenomenon: A New Approach to the Concept

In legal science, approaches to the rule of law directly affect the identification of its nature. Until now, there has been no unified understanding of the rule of law in scholarship. The paper is devoted to the analysis and comparison of approaches to the rule of law and identification of contradictions between them. The modern rule-of-law state has been intensively studied in Russia since 1985. The concept of the rule-of-law state is presented in many monographs, textbooks and articles in academic journals. The author argues that a rule-of-law state is primarily a state. However, further opinions differ when specifying this concept. Some authors argue that the ruleof-law state is an independent type of the state. Others believe that the rule-of-law state is a form of organization of political power. There is an opinion that the rule-of-law state is a form of development of the state, its possible future. All approaches to the rule-of-law state do not fully reflect the nature of the rule-of-law state. The paper proposes an approach to the rule-of-law state as a form of organization of state power and society, which will allow flexibly building a rule-of-law state in many countries with various domestic characteristics. The rule-of-law state is only a stage in the process of State development. It is certainly in constant motion and will continue to evolve in accordance with the changing society.

Post-Event Surface Deformation of the 2018 Baige Landslide Revealed by Ground-Based and Spaceborne Radar Observations

On 11 October and 3 November 2018, two large landslides occurred in Baige Village, Tibet, China, forcing the Jinsha River to be cut off and form a dammed lake, resulting in massive economic damages and deaths. This paper uses ground-based radar (GBR) and spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technologies to perform dynamic monitoring of the Baige landslide. Firstly, the GBR results suggest that the cumulative deformation from 4 to 10 December 2018 was 1.4 m, and the landslide still exhibits a risk of instability. Secondly, with the Sentinel-1A ascending and descending orbit images from December 2018 to February 2022, the InSAR-stacking technology assisted by the generic atmospheric correction online service (GACOS) and the multidimensional small baseline subset (MSBAS) method are utilized to obtain the annual deformation velocity and cumulative deformation in the satellite radar line of sight (LOS) direction of the landslide. Finally, according to the spatial–temporal deformation characteristics of feature points, combined with optical images, field investigation, and geological conditions, the development trend and inducing factors of the Baige landslide are comprehensively analyzed. It is shown that the Baige landslide is in constant motion at present, and the deformation is spreading from the slope to its right side. This research establishes a framework of combining emergency monitoring (i.e., GBR) with long-term monitoring (i.e., spaceborne InSAR). The framework is more conducive to obtaining the deformation and evolution of landslides, providing a greater possibility for studying the development trend and risk assessment of landslides, and assisting in reducing or even avoiding the losses caused by landslides.

PIEZO2 in somatosensory neurons controls gastrointestinal transit

The gastrointestinal tract is in a state of constant motion. These movements are tightly regulated by the presence of food and help digestion by mechanically breaking down and propelling gut content. Mechanical sensing in the gut is thought to be essential for regulating motility; however, the identity of the neuronal populations, the molecules involved, and the functional consequences of this sensation are unknown. Here, we show that humans lacking PIEZO2 exhibit impaired bowel sensation and motility. Piezo2 in mouse dorsal root, but not nodose ganglia is required to sense gut content, and this activity slows down food transit rates in the stomach, small intestine, and colon. Indeed, Piezo2 is directly required to detect colon distension invivo. Our study unveils the mechanosensory mechanisms that regulate the transit of luminal contents throughout the gut, which is a critical process to ensure proper digestion, nutrient absorption, and waste removal.

‘Very Fond of Spirituous Liquors’: Alcohol and Fugitive Black Life in the Slaveholding South

ABSTRACT Hard labour, toil, and the pain and suffering of social and corporeal violence branded enslaved experiences in the slaveholding world of the plantation South. But enslaved people were also simultaneously in constant motion in the making of insuppressible alternative worlds that fundamentally endangered the fragile system of chattel slavery. In everyday acts of self-interest and refusal, enslaved people built and sustained a competing world of fugitive consciousness and practice that was often bolstered, emboldened, and reinforced by the consumption and possession of spirituous liquors. This essay treats Black people’s relationships with alcohol during the period of enslavement as an analytic for locating contestations of power and Black social life – or, an often overlooked yet revealing window into the transgressive underworlds of enslaved and fugitive making. Despite great efforts to control their bodies, movement, and intake, enslaved people poured, drank, and put alcohol to use in their creation of uncapturable moments and spaces of self-making, pleasure, sociality, and resistance. Whether joining outlaw parties, trading in forbidden clandestine economies, fleeing the confines of plantation borders, living maroon lives, or plotting and executing revolt, those sharing in these fugitive pursuits viewed alcohol as a valuable ingredient in the advancement of free life.

Effect of Coulomb friction on shimmy of nose landing gear under time-varying load

A nonlinear dynamic model of nose landing gear (NLG) shimmy considering the coupling of time-varying load and Coulomb friction is proposed, and the effects of Coulomb friction on the shimmy stability under constant load, time-varying load and vertical motion are investigated. The results indicate that the anti-shimmy effect of the Coulomb friction is weakened under time-varying load. The coupling mechanism between time-varying load and Coulomb friction is mainly reflected in the change of Coulomb friction caused by vertical motion. Finally, the influence parameters of Coulomb friction are analyzed, which can provide guidance for the design of Coulomb friction of NLG under time-varying load. The above is of great benefit to the development of new and more robust shimmy suppression strategies.

Religious Diversity and Cultural Transmission in Pre-modern Europe

Over the past several decades, historians of Medieval Europe have worked to show the complexity and diversity of Europe’s religious, linguistic and cultural landscape. Medieval Europe was neither a multicultural paradise nor an ethnically pure enclave. Archaeology, ethnolinguistics, literary studies and textual studies all show the constant movement of populations into and across Europe, from earliest antiquity until today. I have participated in two European-funded projects that explore different aspects of that religious and cultural diversity. From 2010 to 2015, I directed an ERC advanced grant entitled ‘RELMIN: The legal status of religious minorities in the Euro-Mediterranean world (5th–15th centuries)’. Since 2019, I am one of the four directors of an ERC synergy grant, ‘The European Qur’ān,’ which explores the place of the Qur’ān in European culture between the twelfth and early nineteenth centuries. This article presents these two European research programmes and their implications for understanding the history of Europe’s religious diversity.