Constant Balance Research Articles

Assessment of the influence of production factors on physiological parameters, behavioral reactions and accelerated aging of laboratory animals in a chronic experiment

In solving problems in the state of health of workers under the influence of occupational hazards, laboratory animals are used as an accessible experimental model to establish the risks of occupational diseases and the mechanisms of premature aging. Laboratory animals are of great importance for registering physiological indicators and behavioral reactions, revealing the mechanisms of the occurrence of diseases associated with the profession. Objective: to assess the isolated effects of production factors on physiological parameters, behavioral reactions and accelerated aging of laboratory animals in a chronic experiment characterizing the stages of the adaptation process. Object of the study: white laboratory rats of the Wistar line (n=120), grouped into four groups: three experimental rats contained in conditions of periodic isolated exposure to vibration, noise and a 4‑component mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons at the level of 1.5 MPC, MPC, and one control (intact animals) — in comfortable conditions (normal photoperiodism and the temperature is +22–24 °C). The indicators of body weight and temperature and functional activity of the nervous system were studied using the «Open Field» method. Statistical analysis was performed using standard Statistica 10.0 application programs with calculation of median (Me) and percentile interval. The acceptable level of reliability of the results was considered to be the probability of differences of 95 % or higher (p≤0.05). Animals of all groups showed a constant temperature balance, and an increase in body weight by the 180th day of the experiment. Indicators of motor, emotional and research activity statistically significantly decreased on the 180th day of the experiment in animals of the experimental groups, and indicators of vertical and horizontal activity significantly decreased in rats in the chemical exposure group compared with the control group. Further study of the influence of production factors on changes in body weight, temperature balance, anxiety, emotional state and cognitive activity in model animals as biological (living) systems will contribute to the disclosure of the mechanisms of premature aging and occupational diseases in workers under conditions of occupational hazards.

Categorizing Social Movements as Successful or Failed: Exploring the Essence Contributing to Social Dynamic Balance

Research on social movements has been continuously robust and of significant theoretical importance in the field of social studies. This paper argues that there is no definitive criterion for categorizing social movements into a binary standard of either success or failure. Social movements emerge to instigate societal or ideological transformations. By analysing various historical movements worldwide, the study finds that when social movements reach extreme positions and unleash devastating forces upon society, they often provoke counter-movements that seek to restore social equilibrium. Societal trends oscillate back and forth, much like a pendulum, and social movements function as agents that pull the pendulum towards the centre when it reaches its peak on one side. Therefore, social movements act as regulators contributing to the constant dynamic balance in society. This nuanced perspective can inform policymakers, activists, and researchers in their efforts to engage with and respond to social movements, fostering more informed and effective strategies for societal change and progress.

СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ЕКСПОРТУ ТА ІМПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ ТА КРАЇН АЗІЙСЬКОГО КОНТИНЕНТУ

One of the important sources of financing the state budget is foreign trade. Even before the start of fullscale aggression, Ukraine had certain tasks to diversify regional foreign trade priorities. The expansion and deepening of foreign economic cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union, the start of work on new Asian markets, significantly overshadowed first the drop in trade volumes, and then the cessation of trade with Russia. The article examines in detail the foreign trade relations of Ukraine and the countries of the Asian continent. Consider the system of legal regulation of foreign trade relations of Ukraine and the countries of the Asian continent. The main indicators of trade in goods and services of Ukraine and Asian countries were examined in detail, and the commodity structure of trade in goods and services of Ukraine and Asian countries was analyzed. Certain conclusions and recommendations are provided: Ukraine has a generally favorable position in trade in goods with these countries, except for China. This is evidenced by the constant positive balance in trade with Turkey, India and Saudi Arabia. Trade with China has a permanent negative balance. At the same time, a significant threat is the significant coverage ratio in trade with these countries. The value of this indicator significantly exceeds the safety limit and indicates the high dependence of Ukrainian exports on the markets of these countries. Ukraine conducts active trade in services with Asian countries, but the composition of the main partners in trade in services has changed. It remains Turkey, as well as Cyprus, UAE, Israel. In trade in services, the situation for Ukraine is unfavorable, which is evidenced by a constant negative balance and an extremely low level of the coverage ratio. The composition of trade in services is traditional both for Ukraine and for partner countries: Ukraine exports transport services to Cyprus, the UAE and Turkey, Ukraine imports travel-related services from Cyprus, the UAE and Turkey, as well as transport services from the UAE and Turkey and Israel. These services fully correspond to the geographical location of the countries.

Low temperature alteration of massive sulphides below the weathering front

Alteration of magmatic sulphides within the regolith, or soil profile, is well documented, but alteration at depth, where meteoric fluids may infiltrate fresh rock adjacent to faults, is less studied and poorly understood. Yet such alteration may affect the mineralogy of the magmatic sulphides, and the characteristics of this alteration provide insights into the distribution and timescales of fluid flow and redox processes within the upper crust.Pentlandite [(Fe,Ni)9S8] is a Ni-rich sulphide mineral, found in magmatic sulphide assemblages with chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and pyrrhotite (Fe1−xS). Pentlandite associated with massive sulphides from apparently fresh rock at the Mawson Deposit, Western Australia, shows in-situ partial replacement by violarite (nominally FeNi2S4), whereas pentlandite associated with adjacent disseminated sulphides is unaltered. Petrographic, geochemical, and in-situ sulphur isotope analysis reveals that violarite has variable Fe:Ni ratios. Constant volume and constant sulphur mass balance calculations indicate an overall loss of Ni and other metal cations during violarite formation. In addition, newly formed violarite has a 34S-depleted isotopic composition compared to precursor pentlandite. Altered pentlandite (δ34S = 1.02 ‰) is isotopically fractionated relative to co-existing pyrrhotite (3.44 ‰) and chalcopyrite (3.15 ‰), in contrast to the unfractionated sulphur isotope ratios expected for co-crystallising magmatic sulphides. These features are interpreted as a consequence of electrochemical alteration within electrically connected massive sulphides and addition of isotopically light sulphur derived by bacterial sulphate reduction. Based on previous evidence of deep-seated fluid flow along long-lived regional faults, the alteration is plausibly associated with Cenozoic neotectonic deformation and short-lived pulses of fluid flow with durations of hundreds to thousands of years. Similar petrographic evidence of deep alteration in apparently fresh sulphides from samples across the regional study area indicate this could be an under-reported feature in magmatic sulphides globally.

Detection of Beach–Dune Geomorphic Changes by Means of Satellite and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data: The Case of Altamura Island in the Gulf of California

Although sandy islands in arid environments are vital protection sites for endemic species, they face constant natural and anthropogenic hazards, such as storm surge impacts and the occasional presence of off-road vehicles. Monitoring the sedimentary dune-beach displacement and balance is essential because sediment transportation usually does not depend on external sources, such as rivers. The latest generation of geomatic applications may be relevant to understanding coastal vulnerability due to their ability to acquire and process spatial data at unprecedented scales. The objective of this study was to analyze the sedimentary dynamics of a distinctive dune corridor on Altamura Island in the Gulf of California, Mexico. We compared three ultra-high spatial resolution digital surface models (DSMs) with geomorphic change detection (DoD), covering the 1150 m coastal stretch. We used light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data and analyzed changes in the coastline with the semi-automatic CoastSat tool. Although the orthomosaics and the DSM collected in April, June, and October 2021 show different conditions in sediment distribution along the beach-dune interface, depending on the direction and intensity of the wind, the two DoDs showed a constant sediment distribution balance of ~13 M m3 between April and June and June and October. LiDAR data along the 40-km length of the sandy island indicate that the entire island could present a similar sedimentation pattern between the dune and beach interface. The CoastSat data indicate a constant accretion of 125 m in the beach-ocean interface between 2015 and 2022. This study demonstrates that the sediment balance between the dune and the beach on arid sandy islands is vital for conserving their shoreline and all associated coastal ecosystems.

A review on active heating for high performance cold-proof clothing

PurposeThe present study provides a comprehensive review of the advancements in five active heating modes for cold-proof clothing as of 2021. It aims to evaluate the current state of research for each heating mode and identify their limitations. Further, the study provides insights into the optimization of intelligent temperature control algorithms and design considerations for intelligent cold-proof clothing.Design/methodology/approachThis article presents a classification of active heating systems based on five different heating principles: electric heating system, solar heating system, phase-change material (PCM) heating system, chemical heating system and fluid/air heating system. The systems are analyzed and evaluated in terms of heating principle, research advancement, scientific challenges and application potential in the field of cold-proof clothing.FindingsThe rational utilization of active heating modes enhances the thermal efficiency of cold-proof clothing, resulting in enhanced cold-resistance and reduced volume and weight. Despite progress in the development of the five prevalent heating modes, particularly with regard to the improvement and advancement of heating materials, the current integration of heating systems with cold-proof clothing is limited to the torso and limbs, lacking consideration of the thermal physiological requirements of the human body. Additionally, the heating modes of each system tend to be uniform and lack differentiation to meet the varying cold protection needs of various body parts.Research limitations/implicationsThe effective application of multiple heating modes helps the human body to maintain a constant body temperature and thermal equilibrium in a cold environment. The research of heating mode is the basis for realizing the temperature control of cold-proof clothing and provides an effective guarantee for the future development of the intelligent algorithms for temperature control of non-uniform heating of body segments.Practical implicationsThe integration of multiple heating modes ensures the maintenance of a constant body temperature and thermal balance for the wearer in cold environments. The research of heating modes forms the foundation for the temperature regulation of cold-proof clothing and lays the groundwork for the development of intelligent algorithms for non-uniform heating control of different body segments.Originality/valueThe present article systematically reviews five active heating modes suitable for use in cold-proof clothing and offers guidance for the selection of heating systems in future smart cold-proof clothing. Furthermore, the findings of this research provide a basis for future research on non-uniform heating modes that are aligned with the thermal physiological needs of the human body, thus contributing to the development of cold-proof clothing that is better suited to meet the thermal needs of the human body.

Intergenerational actuarial fairness when longevity increases: Amending the retirement age

Continuous longevity improvements and population ageing have led countries to modify national public pension schemes by increasing standard and early retirement ages in a discretionary, scheduled, or automatic way, and making it harder for people to retire prematurely. To this end, countries have adopted alternative retirement age strategies, but our analyses show that the measures taken are often poorly designed and consequently misaligned with the pension scheme's ultimate goals. This paper discusses how to implement automatic indexation of the retirement age to life expectancy developments while respecting the principles of intergenerational actuarial fairness and neutrality among generations of the respective policy scheme design. With stable demographic conditions, we show in policy designs in which extended working lives translate into additional pension entitlements, the pension age must be automatically updated to keep the period in retirement constant. Alternatively, policy designs that pursue a fixed replacement rate are consistent with retirement age policies targeting a constant balance between active years in the workforce and years in retirement. Under conditions of population ageing, the statutory pension age will have to increase at a faster rate to meet the intergenerational equity criteria. The empirical strategy employed a Bayesian Model Ensemble approach to stochastic mortality modelling to address model risk and generate forecasts of intergenerationally and actuarially fair pension ages for 23 countries from 2000 to 2050. The findings show that the pension age increases needed to accommodate the effect of longevity developments on pay-as-you-go equilibrium and to reinstate equity between generations are sizeable and well beyond those employed and/or legislated in most countries. A new wave of pension reforms may be at the doorsteps.

The AAA-ATPase Yta4/ATAD1 interacts with the mitochondrial divisome to inhibit mitochondrial fission.

Mitochondria are in a constant balance of fusion and fission. Excessive fission or deficient fusion leads to mitochondrial fragmentation, causing mitochondrial dysfunction and physiological disorders. How the cell prevents excessive fission of mitochondria is not well understood. Here, we report that the fission yeast AAA-ATPase Yta4, which is the homolog of budding yeast Msp1 responsible for clearing mistargeted tail-anchored (TA) proteins on mitochondria, plays a critical role in preventing excessive mitochondrial fission. The absence of Yta4 leads to mild mitochondrial fragmentation in a Dnm1-dependent manner but severe mitochondrial fragmentation upon induction of mitochondrial depolarization. Overexpression of Yta4 delocalizes the receptor proteins of Dnm1, i.e., Fis1 (a TA protein) and Mdv1 (the bridging protein between Fis1 and Dnm1), from mitochondria and reduces the localization of Dnm1 to mitochondria. The effect of Yta4 overexpression on Fis1 and Mdv1, but not Dnm1, depends on the ATPase and translocase activities of Yta4. Moreover, Yta4 interacts with Dnm1, Mdv1, and Fis1. In addition, Yta4 competes with Dnm1 for binding Mdv1 and decreases the affinity of Dnm1 for GTP and inhibits Dnm1 assembly in vitro. These findings suggest a model, in which Yta4 inhibits mitochondrial fission by inhibiting the function of the mitochondrial divisome composed of Fis1, Mdv1, and Dnm1. Therefore, the present work reveals an uncharacterized molecular mechanism underlying the inhibition of mitochondrial fission.

FIBRINOLYTIC POTENTIAL INCREASING DURING ACTIVATION OF BLOOD COAGULATION IN THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY WITH PLACENTAL DYSFUNCTION

Aim. The study of molecular mechanisms of hemostasis balance is one of the most vivid tasks for clinical biochemistry. In present communication we aimed to underline the constant connection between blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. Methods. Blood coagulation activation was estimated by the soluble fibrin accumulation. For it determination we used the sandwich ELISA method. As the catch-antibody we used fibrin-specific mAb FnI-3C. As the tag-antibody we used another mAb (II-4d) that has an epitope in the NH 2 -terminal fragment of the γ-chain of the D-region of the fibrin(ogen) molecule. The rate of activation of fibrinolysis was estimated by measuring of Fibrinolytic Potential (FP). It was measured by turbidimetric method with recording the scattering of light by a fibrin clot at 405 nm on a microplate reader Multiscan (Finland). The clot was formed in the microplate wells in blood plasma activated by APTT reagent in the presence or without t-PA. Results. SF was found in blood plasma of 12 pregnant women with placenta dysfunction. Six of studied patients had SF less than 4 µg/ml that were assumed as the control meanings. We divided patients on two groups according to this parameter. It was shown that patients of the 1st group (SF ≤ 4) exhibited FP as 24 ou/s. In the same time patients of the 2nd group (SF ≥ 4) had much higher FP – 62 ou/s. The level of statistical significance was P = 0,05. Conclusions. Blood coagulation activation (estimated by SF measurement) was shown to be accompanied by fibrinolysis activity increasing (measured by FP evaluation) in pregnant women with placental dysfunctions. These findings can be evidence of constant balance between blood coagulation and fibrinolysis that stabilize hemostasis in pathological conditions for avoiding thrombosis or hemorrhages.

Who Will Stand for the Future of Academic Anesthesiology?

Letter to the Editor| March 2023 Who Will Stand for the Future of Academic Anesthesiology? ASA Monitor March 2023, Vol. 87, e3. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASM.0000922068.41565.ef Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Search Site Citation Who Will Stand for the Future of Academic Anesthesiology?. ASA Monitor 2023; 87:e3 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASM.0000922068.41565.ef Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll PublicationsASA Monitor Search Advanced Search It was disheartening to read a recent commentary and opinion in the December 2022 ASA Monitor regarding current expectations of the clinical academic anesthesiologist (ASA Monitor 2022;86:31). The increasing emphasis on clinical productivity and revenue generation is casually dismissed as a necessity with even suggestions of abdication of traditional academic responsibilities. If education and scholarship become secondary objectives to financial considerations, a dangerous precedent is set for the future of our specialty. Economic challenges to academic anesthesiology from hospital partners, inadequate insurer and government payment, uninsured patient burdens, and complex tertiary, expensive care are well known. However, this focus should not be at the expense of teaching and scholarship and is of pressing attention for our thought leaders and professional associations. Academic anesthesiologists embrace intense clinical work, with faculty frequently working longer hours than trainees, and the constant balance of education with clinical priorities and efficiency in high-risk... You do not currently have access to this content.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ АЭРОБНЫХ СПОСОБНОСТЕЙ ОРГАНИЗМА СПОРТСМЕНА КАК ПРОЦЕСС ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СПОРТИВНОГО РЕЗУЛЬТАТА

The efficiency of oxygen transport to working muscles for athletes is one of the most important factors, as oxygen is involved in oxidative processes of muscles. The amount of oxygen inhaled is directly proportional to the amount consumed by the cells. The ability of the blood to transfer oxygen is affected by: hemoglobin content, total mass of the hemoglobin, erythrocyte volume and hematocrit. Oxygen transport provides the hemoglobin protein that is contained within the redblood cells that make up the blood. Trainings and medications have a positive effect on the blood and cardiovascular system, contributing to the improvement of both the body's performance and sports performance. Improving the performance of the athlete's body is variable in the training process. The task of the athlete and the coach is to find a constant balance of the training load and the state of readiness of the athlete's body to match the load. An important role in this is played by the changein hematocrit in a changing load, which, in our opinion, should understand the significance of short intensive training in preparing an endurance runner.

Widespread dermatophytosis after combined immunosuppressive therapy in a patient with COVID-19

Mycotic diseases of human skin are frequently diagnosed reaching 2025% of the population prevalence. The leading factor in the mycotic prevalence is the high survival rate of fungi in various environmental conditions. Up to 30 genera of fungi constantly live on human skin and mucous membranes. This constant balance of their presence on the body and interaction with it is called a mycobiome. If the balance between it and the macroorganism is disturbed, the reproduction of fungi begins and mycotic skin lesions develop.
 The study included the patient V. 75 years old, who came in with complaints of widespread rashes on the skin of the body and limbs accompanied by peeling after a COVID-19 infection. Microscopy revealed mycelium of pathogenic fungi. The patient received systemic and topical antifungal therapy until the end of hospitalization. He continued to receive terbinafine on an outpatient basis in combination with a topical antimycotic after discharge. Short review on baricitinib and levilimab is presented. According to the results of the study, a 6070% regression of the skin process was achieved after 2 weeks at discharge. One month later a complete regression of the skin process was achieved due to the therapy.
 The use of the combination of janus-kinase inhibitors with biological drugs and systemic glucocorticosteroids in COVID-19 patients has a powerful immunosuppressive effect on the body. It leads to the development of a common fungal skin lesion, which was observed in our patient.

Development of a Constant Force Suspended Backpack for Variable Load and Variable Speed Locomotion

Abstract Studies have shown that the suspended backpack, a wearable device allowing the backpack moving relative to user’s back, can effectively reduce the accelerative vertical force of the backpack to reduce the metabolic cost of users. However, the existing suspended backpack cannot eliminate the accelerative vertical force due to the nonzero suspension stiffness. This paper proposes a constant force suspended backpack adaptable to the varying load to eliminate the accelerative vertical force on the load. To this end, a spring constant force balancing mechanism is designed to achieve near-zero-stiffness suspension. Moreover, a multi-pulley compensation mechanism is proposed for compensating the balance error caused by the pulley diameter to achieve constant force theoretically, and an adjustable mechanism is added to the suspended backpack to nearly achieve constant force balance under different loads. We conducted experiments to validate the efficiency of the constant force suspended backpack. The results demonstrate that the suspended backpack can effectively reduce the maximum net metabolic power of the human by 13.1%, the displacement of the load is reduced by 87.5%, and the peak average acceleration vertical force reduction rate is 88.5%.

An Improvement of Stability in Distribution Network by Integrated Photovoltaic-Electric Spring System

The electricity grid's distribution system is a crucial component. Power quality issues in the distribution system have received a lot of attention in recent years due to the extensive integration of variable renewable energy generation. Modern digital grid technology, electric spring (ES), has previously been utilised to stabilise voltage and power in a system that relies heavily on unregulated or completely renewable energy sources. To control voltage and power, it has been recommended as a demand-side strategic approach. It has been suggested that electric springs (ES) might be used as a request technology to boost the reliability and efficiency of future power grids that rely heavily on intermittent renewable energies. At now, ES is mostly used for controlling grid voltage and service frequency. This study describes a method for controlling and balancing power in a newly integrated ES and PV system configuration, and it examines how this method may be used to achieve responsive supply equilibrium in electricity distribution networks. The suggested system allows for the maximum amount of collected PV power to be sent to the grid via the ES, while also actively regulating the energy usage of its ES-associated smart load in order to maintain a constant supply-demand power balance. Because the smart-load power associated with the ES follows a suitable usage patterns to adjust for possible forecast failures of the PV power output, battery storage is unnecessary in the suggested architecture. Excellent performance of the suggested design method is demonstrated using Matlab/Simulink simulations.

Autonomous Shape-Variable Crawler: One-Dimensional Displacement Coordination for Constant Upper Frame Posture

With technical advances, various locomotion mechanisms for use on bumpy roads have been introduced. Among these locomotion mechanisms, crawler-based platforms are widely employed. However, due to their tilt on uneven terrain, accidents such as overturning and falling loads have been reported. To overcome these situations, this paper proposes a constant balance scheme for crawler-based transportation systems (hereinafter called crawler robots for simplicity). Practically, a variable-shape crawler robot with four foldable legs is designed to maintain a constant upper-frame posture regardless of ground conditions. The four legs by coordinating expand and contract, thereby enabling the robot to adapt to local surface conditions and configure its desired posture while traveling. The coordination-based crawler mechanism is realized by employing rack-and-pinion units for raising and lowering. The effectiveness and performance of the developed crawler robot are demonstrated by verifying its movement under continuous and discontinuous surface conditions with the use of a balanced posture from a tilted state. Specifically, we pose an innovative challenge of information transformation to maintain balance effectively. In detail, three-dimensional state variations (e.g., gradients and inclinations) of the crawler robot depending on ground conditions are transformed into one-dimensional displacements. Unlike previous works, this study presents the novel idea of coordinating the motions of individual legs to configure a variable-shape crawler robot. In other words, the crawler shape is deformed while it maintains the desired balance.

Forecasting of Electrical Energy Consumption in Slovakia

Prediction of electricity energy consumption plays a crucial role in the electric power industry. Accurate forecasting is essential for electricity supply policies. A characteristic feature of electrical energy is the need to ensure a constant balance between consumption and electricity production, whereas electricity cannot be stored in significant quantities, nor is it easy to transport. Electricity consumption generally has a stochastic behavior that makes it hard to predict. The main goal of this study is to propose the forecasting models to predict the maximum hourly electricity consumption per day that is more accurate than the official load prediction of the Slovak Distribution Company. Different models are proposed and compared. The first model group is based on the transverse set of Grey models and Nonlinear Grey Bernoulli models and the second approach is based on a multi-layer feed-forward back-propagation network. Moreover, a new potential hybrid model combining these different approaches is used to forecast the maximum hourly electricity consumption per day. Various performance metrics are adopted to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of models. All the proposed models achieved more accurate predictions than the official load prediction, while the hybrid model offered the best results according to performance metrics and supported the legitimacy of this research.

Vegetable Trade Flows and Chain Competitiveness Linkage Analysis Based on Spatial Panel Econometric Modelling and Porter’s Diamond Model

The vegetable sector plays an important role in ensuring food security. Vegetable trade flows in Romania have become a major concern due to constant trade balance deficits despite the country’s agricultural potential. Taking into account the paradox between what could be considered an abundance of factor endowments and poor trade balance results, the objective of this research was to study the linkage between vegetable trade flows and chain competitiveness. Spatial panel econometric methods were used to study the impact of the international vegetable market on the demand in Romania, while the Balassa index and Porter’s diamond modelling techniques were used to study the competitiveness of the vegetable chain at both county and national levels. By applying the spatial regression method to the international trade and national production panel data, it was found that an increase in the quantity of vegetables imported into Romania would cause an even greater decrease in national vegetable production. The results show that Romanian vegetable production is highly and negatively influenced by the growing appetite for imports—therefore leading to a national dependence on the global vegetable chain. Porter’s diamond model results confirm that: (a) growing vegetables is profitable in Romania and the average profit margin is higher in this economic sector than in many others; (b) there is a lack of competitiveness caused by the post-communist excessively fragmented agrarian land structure and poor performance of the irrigation, warehousing, and transportation sectors; (c) the national production of vegetables is generally self-sufficient with the exception of three counties that resort to importing and account for more than 70% of Romania’s total vegetable imports; (d) factor endowments cannot be fully harnessed, and this contributes to the deepening of the trade balance deficits. Improvement is possible by fostering competitiveness through increasing the performance of supporting industries and the logistics infrastructure, as well as removing market access barriers for the many small farmers.

The Sustainability in Economics as a Key for Future Prospects

There must be a balance position, a point where the potential and possible harmony can be established between humankind and Nature in terms of development. It should be considered that the human development along the economic path is an absolute and primary need, and this because growth also means well-being and solidarity, but above all, a good growth gives a boost to the progress of science and research. Over time, science will lead us to an absolute compatibility with the environment and in the meantime, we are offered the possibility of minimizing the damage inflicted on Mother Nature. To correct those damages, the conjuncture cycle inserts the recession into the phases of development. The recession i.e., essentially a periodic pause, is necessary to allow nature to digest the excess waste produced by human activities. Moreover, there is the possibility of a serious alteration in the development process during which we can witness the occurrence of monetary alterations (inflation and deflation), which are anyway nothing more than messages sent by nature to the community. The collectivity must in fact realize that the economic train has derailed from the right and linear path. With these premises, we can sustain that the magical balance that brings the values of optimal development and those of the cost of living closer to 2% is a weak approximation of the lasting and constant balance that the economy would achieve in the event, now still away, of a realized neutrality of our presence on the planet. Even while waiting to achieve the stability of our relationship with nature, we can therefore maintain a condition of relative stability, which consists of a linear growth limited to 2% - 2.50% on annual basis, with a long- lasting feature if at the same time the principle of the least possible damage to the environment is respected. A magic combination therefore that contextually may see the convergence of development of economy with the constant value close to 2%, which ensures the potential stability of the relationship with the natural world. This constant value is close to 2%, that is indicated by the Central Banks as equilibrium of economy condition, be considered a constant universal as the great universal constants of physics and matter. At last, how to explain the accelerated pace that some territories have shown over the centuries like, last China. Some indication tells us that the accelerated pace in development may not be a symptom of a good government and good relationship with Nature.

ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИННОВАЦИЙ В ПРОЦЕСС УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The general state of development of the state inevitably depends on the state of development of its regions. The article highlights the most significant external and internal factors affecting the level of regional development. The conclusion is made about the importance of innovative development in creating competitive advantages both within individual enterprises and for the region as a whole. The importance of interregional cooperation, which gives a synergetic effect for each region separately, is considered separately. The article analyzes the concept of innovation by different authors. Based on the conducted research, an author's clarification of this concept is proposed, which is based on the generation of a new idea and its implementation on the market. The article discusses the features of the introduction of technological and product technological innovations, their definitions are given. Information is provided on their implementation in Russia and in the Samara Region from 2011 to 2021. Attention is focused on the fact that the success of technological innovations largely depends on the introduction of the best available technologies. The importance of eco-innovation is considered. Sustainable development is currently a very relevant topic in view of the current climate change. The article characterizes sustainable development. To achieve this state, it is necessary to ensure the sustainable development of each company, maintaining a constant balance between regional needs and the interests of the company, paying equal attention to them. In ensuring economic growth, in creating competitive advantages for both individual companies and national economies, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of innovation. Based on the conducted research, the article concludes that technological innovations in industrial production are the center of innovative activity of the company. They should be integrated into the process of ensuring sustainable development. The leaders of integrated innovation implementation will gain a competitive advantage that will serve them well in the future, since sustainability will always be an integral part of development.

Harmonic Minimization in Grid Coupled Photovoltaic Structures Using Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse-Width Modulation in Multiple Level Series Linked Nano-Scale Double Gate Hetero-Structure MOSFET Based H Type Bridge Inverters

Semiconductor Chip makers and semiconductor device designers denote that, a reliable device should have a character with high speed and low power loss in its operation, which could be done in a nano-scale regime. A nano-scale double gate hetero-structure MOSFET based multilevel inverter is a power electronic arrangement system that generates multilevel output voltage with lower harmonic distortion and reduced power switching loss. In a grid-connected photovoltaic device, this power electronic inverter is a critical and essential component. Series coupled H-bridge multilayered inverter is a widely satisfactory arrangement for incorporation of renewable power among three multilevel inverter topologies, which might be directly fed by photovoltaic (PV) units, wind turbines, or fuel voltaic cells with enhanced power quality due to accessibility of an individual’s direct current sources. Furthermore, compared to traditional converters, this multilayered configuration will boost output voltage and current accuracy, resulting in lower total harmonic distortion. This concept proposes an innovative series of type H-bridge multilayered inverters arrangement for grid-connected photovoltaic structures. The optimization algorithm, particle swarm was incorporated to estimate the switching angles after the Selective Harmonic Elimination technique was developed to remove 5th, 7th, 11th and finally 13th lower number harmonics. For the first time, a cyclic choice method was used to keep up a constant balance of power among the different sources, in which the sources contribute equally to the output power over the course of operation. A simulation in the MATLAB/SIMULINK foundation was used to validate the integrated definition. The output taken from an experimental arrangement was used to verify the proposed principle of eradicating lower-level harmonics. The harmonic spectrum along with output waveforms for selective harmonic eliminated pulse-width modulation (SHE-PWM) technique was then obtained.