Consolidation Of Society Research Articles

ЗНАЧЕННЯ ДУХОВНИХ ЦІННОСТЕЙ У ЖИТТІ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА

The goal of research is analysis of value of spiritual values in life of Ukrainian society. Principles of scientific and historicism for delineation influence of globalization for Ukrainians’ values and accounting transitional period of their formation are used. Among general scientific methods of researching search heuristic — for searching and selection sources that concern topic; induction and deduction — for displaying Ukrainian traditional spirituality specifics; analysis and synthesis — for characteristic value of spiritual values for Ukrainian society are used. Among spesial-historic methods historic-genetic — for displaying circumstances of existence and functionship of spiritual values in Ukraine; complex thematic method — for searching and selection sources that conform the topic and chronological frameworks of research are used. In results of research justified that spiritual sphere determines level of development and specifics of society. Longevity of formation Ukrainiana’ spiritual values and their specifics are marked. Ukrainian culture orientation for Western values is showed. Cursory role of power in formation Ukrainians’ value priorities was marked. Determined that thirty years of independence of Ukraine is transitional period of formation Ukrainians’ spiritual values. The globalization influence for formation of Ukrainians’ spirituality was separated. Threats of society development in spiritual sphere are determined. In conclusions the influence of spiritual values for young, restoration of Ukrainians’ tradition spirituality, formation of democracy, that condition positive shifts in statebuilding processes of Ukraine are analised. Showed that Ukrainians’ spiritual values are integral for saving state security and compliance of Christian priorities. Determined that Ukrainians’ spirituality is condition of patriotism formation. Further development acquired thesis about assistance of spiritual consolidation of society in Ukraine.

Conceptualization of Ukrainian Identity in the Official Discourse

The relevance of the concept of “identity” is becoming increasingly important in the context of globalization and socio-cultural transformations. The study of the concept of "identity" was carried out through the analysis of official documents of the state, draft concepts of national identity and the results of sociological research. The study of the concept of “identity” was carried out by analyzing official documents of the state, draft concepts of national identity. The ideas of Ukrainian identity, national unity, and consolidation of society are quite clearly traced in the concepts and strategies of national security of Ukraine. It was about strengthening national unity and guaranteeing territorial integrity, the ability of the state and society to provide adequate responses to internal and external challenges. The official documents emphasize the protection of state sovereignty and territorial integrity, strengthening national unity and consolidation of Ukrainian society, preventing threats to national security in the humanitarian sphere, establishing the Ukrainian language in all spheres as one of the most important factors of national identity and its preservation in globalization challenges. The state policy of protection of the Ukrainian language is a question of national security and national-patriotic education of Ukrainians. An important factor in the construction of a common identity, identification space is public policy, enshrined in legislation, especially in concepts, strategies, doctrines. Identity has significant consolidation potential and is a complex structure that includes a number of factors, including ethnic, cultural, territorial, political, economic, legal and others. The formation of a national identity should become a priority of the Ukrainian state.

Identity of Kazakhstan’s Uyghurs: Migration, Homeland, and Language

Abstract This article examines the ethno-national identity of Uyghurs in Kazakhstan, which, during the period of independence, has been undergoing a complex process of transformation from ‘Sovietness’ to ‘Kazakhstanness.’ This transformation is shaped by the ethnic policy of Kazakhstan, aiming for the consolidation of society and formation of a united Kazakhstani nation. Post-Soviet development not only produces threats to the Uyghur ethnic identity, but also creates new perspectives for it. The article focuses on some dimensions of the Uyghur identity determined by cross-border migration from the Xinjiang-Uyghur autonomous region of the neighboring People’s Republic of China and Soviet national policy, such as language, cultural institutions, and existence of the Uyghur district in the Almaty province. Analysis of the discourse of vätän (motherland) shows a shift to a perception of Kazakhstan as a homeland.

Formation of the youth’s social memory in the Eurasian integration states-participants

In the past thirty years, social memory of the Eurasian youth has been influenced by many actors of the commerative space, who often pursue their own goals in the struggle to legitimize the new political order and their policies of the radical economic transformation. The results of their efforts should be taken into account in the implementation of one of the most important joint projects of the post-Soviet countries - Eurasian integration, because social memory of the youth is the most important resource for its success. The study aims at clarifying and evaluating the mechanisms for preserving information about the past, the peculiarities of the generation Y ideas about the common history and the current stage of the EAEU construction, which are present in the public discourse, and at revealing the relationship between attitudes to the past and to the Eurasian integration, the influence of social memory on the personal worldview, the forms and methods of its reconstruction in the interests of the post-Soviet countries interaction and efficiency of the politics of memory. The formation of social memory is defined as the activity of actors (individuals, groups, organizations, social institutions, communities) aimed at the interpretation of the collective past and common present by the youth of the countries participating in the Eurasian integration. The empirical object of the study - young citizens of the member states and candidates for joining the EAEU (18-38 years old), who live, study or work in Moscow. The article considers the respondents assessments of the contribution of each of the actors to the social memory formation and describes social memory of the generation Y as a set of views, feelings and moods reflecting the perception of the Soviet past and the common present. The authors insist on the purposeful policy of the leaders of the countries, participating in the Eurasian integration, to ensure the reconstruction of the youths social memory and the consolidation of societies.

The Role of Political and Electoral Technologies in Continuing the Church and Civilization Schism in Ukraine

This article examines the impact of the church schism in 2018 on the change in the civilizational identity of modern Ukrainians. Modern Ukraine is in the zone of the conflict of Russian and Western civilizations, openly expressed since 2014. One of the strategies for resolving the conflict appears to be changing the civilizational identity of the enemy by transforming the cultural core of civilization, which also includes religion and religious practices. The transformation of the civilizational core in Ukraine occurs through the instrumentalization of religion, which turns into a way to solve the internal and foreign policy problems of the modern Ukrainian government. This article studies the history of the establishment of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) in 2018, the reception of tomos from the Constantinople Patriarchate and the confrontation between the OCU and the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP), which acts as a conductor of the Russian civilization's influence. The internal goals of the Ukrainian government, achieved through a church schism, include reducing the consolidation of society and strengthening its own position in a fractured society. Their foreign policy objectives involve reducing the cultural influence of Russia, excluding the Russian part of the Ukrainian society from receiving the Russian civilization's values and changing the civilizational identity of Ukrainians. One way to change the civilizational identity of Russians in Ukraine while formally preserving the Orthodox religion in the country involves promoting eucharistic ecclesiology, which is not historically rooted in the Orthodox Church and has been developing since the mid-20th century as an alternative to the universal ecclesiology. The latter assumes that the universal church is not reduced to the sum of its parts, that the criterion for correct faith is the unity of the episcopate, and that maintaining the integrity of the empirical church is one of the values of church communion. Eucharistic ecclesiology presumes that the fullness of grace is contained in each experiential community united by the common Eucharist. Eucharistic ecclesiology aids in instrumentalizing the church and turning it into the spokesperson for the secular interests of communities, which is already happening in Ukraine. This article shows that despite the church schism itself does not remove Ukrainians from the Russian civilizational space, it includes church communication into the foreign policy of reducing the Russian cultural influence in Ukraine and changing the civilizational identity of its inhabitants.

Абриси психолого-педагогічних роздумів над філософською сутністю наукових доробків Світлани Черепанової

Book review:
 Cherepanova SO (2015) Philosophy of education. Reflection on the existence of the genus. Adulthood in Ukraine as a spiritual consolidation of society: an intercultural project. Lviv: Ukr. EUROSOCIUM Institute;
 Cherepanova SO (2020) Philosophy of education. Communicative excursion workshop: students' dialogues about art and education: Lviv (Ukraine) - Oxford (Great Britain). Lviv: Raster-7.

Tools fo ensuring the efficiency of communicative activity of non-governmental organizations (ngos)

Problem setting. The rapid development of modern society requires the creation of new forms of cooperation and mutual understanding and requires new forms of communication, which will be characterized by even greater efficiency, openness, transparency, efficiency and quality. The total penetration of communication into all spheres of public life actualizes its significance and functional role.
 Modern transformational processes taking place in society necessitate the creation of responsible institutions of civil society, which include public organizations that act as a mediator between the community and the state. The level of public trust in them depends on the effectiveness of communicative activities of NGOs because successful communication is the basis of constructive dialogue between public organizations and society.
 Recent research and publications analysis. Ukrainian scientists study various aspects of the activity of NGOs, in particular, the development of mass and civil communication, public relations are studied in their works of such domestic scientists as: E. Afonin, V. Bebyk, M. Bilynska, O. Valevskyi, T. Vasilevskaya, N. Hrytsyak, N. Hudyma, V. Hurkovskyi, O. Dmytrenko, L. Klymanska, M. Lohunova, D. Nelipa, I. Panteleichuk, O. Petroye, G. Pocheptsov, O. Pukhkal, V. Rebkalo , V. Rizun, E. Romanenko, A. Savkov, S. Seryogin, G. Sytnyk, S. Teleshun, I. Chaplai and others.
 Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Understanding the general features and trends of the development of public organizations, as well as the establishment of their effective internal and external communicative activity, require more detailed consideration and detailed study.
 The paper aims at theoretically substantiating the tools for ensuring the effectiveness of communicative activities of NGOs as a basis for open and rational dialogue in a consolidated society.
 Paper main body. The issue of improving the communicative interaction of public organizations with government bodies and the media does not disappear from the agenda of either government agencies or public associations.
 The effectiveness of communication of public organizations in Ukraine depends primarily on the literacy of their communication campaigns, which implies the presence in NGOs of communication strategies, which involve high-level professionals with many years of practical experience.
 Today, the participation of Ukrainians in the social movement and the trust in the institutions of the third sector and their influence on the development of society and community are growing. The results of the study showed that the efficiency of communicative activities of NGOs directly depends on public confidence in them.
 Social networks are a unique platform for consolidating different groups of actors based on the commonality of their interests, and as a result of communicative interaction, there is a large-scale synergetic effect. This way of showing civic activity can be considered the most efficient and widespread.
 The article considers the advantages and risks of the use of social networks by public organizations in the communicative activity of the public sector, outlines several rules of communication in social networks for public organizations.
 The article states that the effectiveness of communication of NGOs also depends on cooperation with journalists and the choice of audience. The quality of feedback and the level of public trust in NGOs depend on the ability to convey relevant information to the audience in a timely and high-quality manner.
 We should not underestimate the growing role of public organizations in the consolidation of society, a necessary condition for which is the creation of a single information space. National consolidation will be successful when the state policy in this area is complemented by the activities of civil society institutions, their effective internal and external communication activities.
 In our opinion, there is a necessity to establish consolidated communication as a process of multifaceted communication within society through various communication channels and tools to strengthen, unite, integrate and pull together society to form a common coherent approach to solving societal problems.
 Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Effective NGOs, as an element of civil society, are the catalyst for its development. Every NGO, since its inception, seeks to plan its activities in such a way as to achieve its goals in the shortest possible time, to become known, to influence public opinion. This area is an important factor that affects the necessity for communicative interaction between the state and civil society.
 Among the tools for ensuring the efficiency of communicative activity of NGOs, we consider it appropriate to name: the presence of feedback and the level of public confidence in them; literacy of public communication campaigns; correct use of social networks in the communicative activity of the public sector; establishing active cooperation with journalists; definition of the target audience; use of modern communication formats; selection of communication channels that correspond to the target audience; establishing consolidated communication.
 Further research in this direction should be aimed, in particular, at an in-depth studying of consolidated communication as a major factor in the consolidation of Ukrainian society.

National identity in the discourse of political elites of Poland and Hungary

The article analyses the position of the political elites of Poland and Hungary, who see the strengthening of European integration processes as a threat to national sovereignty and national identity. The authors link the emergence of interest to the problem of the crisis of national identity with the intensification of the activities of right-wing political parties and movements in these countries, which are trying to introduce the idea of right-wing populism into the public consciousness. The beliefs about the unity of society and the revival of traditional values form the basis of right-wing populist ideas. The methodological basis of the study was the comparative method and framing analysis. The comparative method allowed comparing the political rhetoric of the elites of Poland and Hungary, and with the help of framing analysis, the essence of the problem of the crisis of national identity was specified by highlighting its basic parameters. It is proved that the socio-political discourse around the problem of national identity has some differences in these countries. This is due to the historical and cultural background of these countries. It is emphasized that right-wing populist parties and movements offer certain ways to respond to the problem of loss of national sovereignty and national identity, namely the consolidation of society based on cultural and religious values, strong advocacy of state interests in the EU structures, pressure on the EU within the Visegrád Group, and others. The authors believe that the broad socio-political discourse on the problem of national identity is a manifestation of "identity politics". It aims to introduce desirable assessments of the political situation and to implement traditional collective values and vision into the public consciousness by right-wing populist political parties and movements.

Interaction experience of medical rescue units with rescuers of the Republic of Poland and its implementation in Ukraine

Aim of research is to study the positive experience of the medical rescue units disaster medicine in cooperation with fire and rescue units in Poland and analyzing historical aspects of disaster medicine in Ukraine and the organization of interaction of the State Service of Ukraine for Civil Protection. A detailed analysis of the experience of medical rescue by disaster medicine units in cooperation with fire and rescue units in the Republic of Poland and the historical aspect of the creation of disaster medicine in Ukraine and the organization of its interaction by the State Civil Defense Service of Ukraine. Factors of positive and negative influence on results of activity are defined. Ukraine has borrowed the Polish experience of cooperation between disaster medicine units and fire rescue units, using exactly those provisions that will be most acceptable to it. Implementing of best practices contributes to the development of human potential, quality of public and social services, consolidation of society, solution of social problems. The key to the successful completion of the tasks of disaster medicine units and fire and rescue units for medical rescue is, in particular, adequate resources, improvement of practical skills and interaction in the process of providing first aid. The best practices of providing qualified medical care to victims of emergencies in each country are unique and reflect the specifics of its operation, so the implementation of the experience is appropriate to take into account the specifics of the development of a particular country. Keywords: medical rescue, emergencies, victims, organization of interaction, implementation of experience.

Коммуникация как экзистенциально- социальный феномен в философии XX века

The article provides the results of a comparative study of the main theories of language and communication in the philosophical thought of the twentieth century. The authors focus on the social significance of the considered phenomena, their role in the transformation and consolidation of society. An analysis of the ideas of existentialist thinkers, analytical philosophy, the theory of communicative action by J. Habermas and others shows their relevance and practical importance for creating a universal mechanism for the development of modern society based on the principles of agreement, mutual understanding and openness.

Public Policy and Policy-Making

This research adopts a methodological approach to the analysis of policy-making, which allows both a comprehensive study of policy-making and also helps to determine the content of public policy. The research, firstly, critically reviews the popular political science conceptual models of policy-making to determine factors that make the existing models unfit to explain the essence and fundamental attributes of this process. Then, the main characteristics of political decisions based on the normative approach will be highlighted and the key features of this mechanism will be determined. Policy decisions features considered in the context of political science are interconnected. Key features such as political power, interests, responsibility and rationality lead to a conclusion about the preventive nature of political decisions. The preventive orientation of political actions means the intention to create, direct and control events distant in the time continuum in the right way, anticipating undesirable effects in the exercise of power capability. The normative approach to study of policy-making creates a methodological basis for determination of public policy and shows that public policy is the definition of strategic goals for the development and consolidation of society, through activities related to the development of a political course for the society development and integration through policy-making.
 Keywords: public policy, policy-making, theory of policy-making, rationality

Social Education as a Mechanism of Social Consolidation in the Spanish Pedagogical Discourse of the Late 19th and the First Third of the 20th Century

The subject of this study is the understanding and interpretation of the concept of “social education” in the Spanish pedagogical discourse of the late 19th and the first third of the 20th century. Based on the study of scientific and pedagogical works, texts of public speeches and speeches of prominent Spanish teachers, educators found out how they defined the concept of “social education”. In the process of studying a kind of historical and pedagogical source – the Spanish pedagogical discourse of the late 19th and the first third of the 20th century the specific scientific methods were used. Among them: pedagogical-retrospective, method of pedagogical reconstruction, method of hermeneutics. It is established that at the end of the 19th century in the Spanish pedagogical discourse there is a departure from the simple opposition of individual and social education and the filling of the concept of “social education” with a completely new meaning. It is proved that as a result of a certain socio-pedagogical turn of the research search in Spanish pedagogy at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The concept of “social education” has acquired new values, in particular, it became understood as a democratic education, solidarity education, one that contributes to the consolidation of society. The provisions of the Spanish pedagogical discourse of the end of the 19th and the first third of the 20th century, in which social education was considered in correlation with the phenomenon of social consolidation, are characterized. Subjective positions of Spanish educators (H. Ortega y Gasset, M. de Unamuno, R. Ruiz Amado, L. Parral Cristobal, A. Posada, L. Palacios Morini, A. Servera Royo, E. Luis Andre, R. Blanco Sanchez, etc.) are presented and explained on the interpretation of the concept of social education in its connection with the phenomenon of social consolidation.
 
 Received: 31 October 2020 / Accepted: 3 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021

Обновленный «общественно-государственный договор» как способ реализации национальных проектов в России

Researched are systemic aspects of the process of implementing national projects in Russia. Attention is focused on effectiveness of solving key problems of development of the public administration system in the context of the relationship between the state and society under modern conditions. The institution of public control in Russia is characterized through prerequisites of formation, organizational and legal status and main functions. The work defines the place and role of the institution of public opinion in the system of public administration and public control, substantiates its regulatory mechanisms, factors and agents of influence. In the aspect of systemic relationship between public administration and public control, the specificity of implementation of national projects in the transforming Russian society is revealed. A sociological vision of the “reset” of conceptual foundations of interrelationships between the public administration system and the institution of public control both at the stage of “entering” the space of national projects and in the process of their implementation is presented. It has been proved, that at the present stage the main integrating factor is consolidation of society through an updated "state-society contract". The analysis of historical and modern practices of public participation made it possible to draw a conclusion about the increase in the function of “co-management” of public control bodies in the interaction of state and public structures.

Национальная политика как фактор создания и распада СССР

National policy played a non-trivial and controversial role in the establishment, formation, development and collapse of the Soviet state. Nations were for the bol­sheviks a bourgeois vestige that was dying away with the construction of a social­ist society. However, having seized power in a peasant country, they were forced to build a new state, counting on the entry of various peoples into it. A result was the ethno-federalist design of the USSR under the de facto centralism of the lead­ership of the Communist Party by complex balances and compromises. This soci­ety underwent a complex evolution, during which the country was drawn into modernization, which changed the social structure of society with a new system of demands and interests of the elites, which led to a relatively painless collapse of the USSR. Contemporary Russia is a society, on the one hand, with the domi­nance of the urban population, the way of life of an information society of mass consumption and the demand for civic identity as the basis for the consolidation of society is being formed in the country. On the other hand, the primordialist (ethno-cultural) nation understanding dominates in legal acts, journalism, public opinion. The problem solution presupposes a constructive public dialogue.

ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО ЯК ОСНОВА ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ СТАБІЛЬНОСТІ ДЕРЖАВИ

The meanings of the term "public and private partnership" and its fundamental difference from other types of interaction between the state and the private sector are defined. The role of levers of state regulation of PPP in the conditions of growing globalization and related objective and subjective factors of economic, political and social transformations and diversity of forms of ownership in a market economy is described. Theoretical developments of neo-Keynesianism, the concept of "public goods", neo-institutionalism, which initiated a mixed economy, and later the introduction of the principles of state partnership are determined. It is shown that in today's world practice the most common form of cooperation between the state and private business, which is used in the implementation of large projects, is a concession. The provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Public and Private Partnership", which provided the organizational and legal framework for the interaction of state and business, as well as the basic principles of PPP on a contractual basis are analyzed. Examples of the experience of the European Union and rapidly developing countries have been identified and proposed for use. The place of big business, especially small enterprises in the processes as being characterized by flexibility and opportunities to easily adapt to changing market conditions is assessed. It is stated that in Ukraine the disparity in the status of private partners should be eliminated through the provision of additional legal and economic guarantees by the state. It is argued that in a situation of inadequate public administration, insufficient financial support, prosperity of corruption at this stage, a specific form of PPP needs special attention, although in the long run the institutional form is more long-lasting and perfect. It is proved that the introduction of mechanisms and types of social partnership as a component of public and private partnership in our country is interrelated with the level of consolidation of society, development strategy and the situation in economic growth.

Non-systemic Consolidation — Main Forms, Factors, and Approaches

Man is a being. But what lies behind this description is presented differently in different theoretical traditions. So, within structural-functionalist approaches, sociality was understood as a problem of a order, was often considered in isolation from the person himself and received the appropriate connotations (solidarity, integration, communication, etc.). At the same time, “understanding sociology” focusing on generalized meanings of actions or attitudes of individuals, in turn, problematized the conditions for the possibility of consensus and order, starting from the situation of the individual himself. Understanding approaches, according to the authors, make possible a broader view of the problem of order, which in this sense is not reduced exclusively to systemic (material, economic, administrative) factors, motivations or guidelines, but suggest other grounds for rational, consensus behavior. The purpose of the article is to operationalize the nature of a person through the broader concept of consolidation and deconsolidation (connecting the systemic macro-level and the individual micro-level of analysis), as well as the reconstruction of the sum of consolidation-significant factors. Thus, the authors turn to the theory of rational choice by J. Coleman and H. Esser and the corresponding understanding of human rationality, aimed at maximizing, among other things, “intangible profit”. At the same time, the authors associate the sources and conditions of intangible consolidation with the accumulation of various forms of “social capital” that ensures people's trust in its holders. The concept of communicative rationality by J. Habermas gives the authors reason to consider the “public sphere” as an intangible condition of consolidation as a of structural cohesion of “vital-world” expectations of actors and the political system, which often ignores “under-reflective topics” and “under-represented communities” in its agenda. Focusing on the theory of A. Giddens, the authors consider the concept of “double hermeneutics” as a methodological tool for the analysis of non-material consolidation. The latter ensures the exchange of moral and normative interpretations of political events and decisions between intellectuals, scientists, politicians and ordinary citizens, who, in turn, are capable of reflexive monitoring of the actions and decisions of higher authorities. As another condition for consolidation, the so-called “expert knowledge systems” that provide consensus and standardize communication are considered. P. Bourdieu's ideas about social space give reason to consider the factor of (de-) consolidation of society the mismatch between contradictory typical habits (lifestyles, types of consumption, expectations) in a heterogeneous space. As a result, a complex and synthetic concept of consolidation crystallizes, concretizing the abstract concept of human nature.

СУТНІСТЬ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТРУКТУРНИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ МІФОЛОГІЇ В СУЧАСНОМУ СУСПІЛЬСТВІ

The article attempts to consider social myth-making as an integral mechanism of modern society. The essence and specifics of structural elements of social mythology are analyzed, its role in the construction of social reality is outlined. A comparative analysis of classical and social mythology. Based on this, we were able to identify the essential characteristics of social myth and show that social myth is, on the one hand, an effective mechanism for emotional consolidation of society, and on the other hand, an effective means of influencing human consciousness. It is emphasized that modern social mythology is narrowly specialized and focused on the specific relationship between the individual and society. It is proved that in modern society not only the view of the problem of social mythology changes, but also the very nature of social mythology. Mythology is becoming more artificial, man-made. It increasingly serves the needs of the authorities and elites, is deliberately produced, and therefore acquires a target audience and specific purpose, and is less and less reminiscent of classical mythology. However, the danger is not in itself social mythology, or even the manipulative design of its creators, and the inability of public and individual consciousness to resist its influence. Only by increasing the reflectivity, maturity of consciousness, the individual can resist the influence of social mythology and help to overcome its negative consequences.

Політика консолідації української держави в умовах трансформаційної кризи

The article attempts to substantiate the expediency and practical significance of forming a comprehensive multilevel state consolidation policy of Ukraine based on unifying all groups of society civic and political values. The proposed conclusions and indicators of consolidation of society are part of the author’s model of formation and adjustment the policy of consolidation of the state in systemic crisis in Ukraine. Theoretical considerations are based on scientific texts and studies of the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the Institute of Political and Ethnonational Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by I.F. Kuras, materials of opinion polls. It is determined that the perspective of development of the Ukrainian society consists in the complex state program and activity of civil sector in the context to achieve internal and external consolidation. It grounded that the Ukrainian case of the transit of democracy demonstrates the systemic problems of economic, institutional, political, social, security areas of state development, which acquire signs of constant transformation and flow from one plane to another. It is stated that among several approaches to the interpretation of the category of "consolidation", its functional significance lies in the ability to be both a process and the result of the implementation of appropriate policies in the state. The potential for developing an effective long-term program for the development of society is revealed in the values that have a civic and political character. The need to remove from public discourse topics and discussions on ethnic and national values that lead to confrontation and division in Ukrainian society has been identified. Based on the values of the Ukrainian political (civil) nation, the policy of state consolidation is designed to complete the stage of self-identification of Ukrainian society and give civilizational and geopolitical subjectivity to the state of Ukraine.

LANGUAGE FACTORS OF CIVIC IDENTITY FORMATION

The article analyses the problem of students’ civic identity and studies its language factors. The indicators determining civic identity (patriotism, active citizenship, self-realization in the country, devotion to the country) were quite high in university students and corresponded to high and average levels in the most cases. The respondents showed mainly high indicators of ethnic-linguistic identity, which was manifested in high or average levels of positive attitude towards the Ukrainian language, language skills and ethnic-linguistic attitudes. We determined the peculiarities of ethnic-linguistic and civic identity depending on the language (Ukrainian, Russian and both) that students used in everyday communication. Students who spoken Ukrainian had better Ukrainian language skills, a higher positive attitude towards it, higher ethnic-linguistic attitude and better formed civic identity compared to students who spoken Russian. Patriotism and the general level of civic identity were higher in Ukrainian-speaking students compared to bilingual ones (who spoken both languages). We have found that language influences the formation of civic identity of Ukrainian students. However, not simply language skills, but a positive attitude to it, feeling of significance of language as an important element of the value system in the context of civil society consolidation and ethnic-linguistic attitude as a significant marker of belonging to Ukrainian civil society created such influence.

THE PROBLEM OF TENSION AND CONFLICT INTER-ETHNIC INTERACTION IN TODAY'S WORLD

The urgency of the problem of studying the tension and conflict of interethnic interaction in the modern world is caused by the prevalence of negative opinions and stereotypical attitudes in society about persons belonging to ethnic groups different from Russian, the rapidly growing alienation of nations, the injustice of the administrative and territorial hierarchy of peoples, facts of ethnophobia and xenophobia. The ethnic component is becoming key and decisive in the social and political life of our country and causes inter-ethnic tensions and conflicts. At the current stage of development of social relations, there is an urgent need to develop and further introduce a system of prevention and resolution of inter-ethnic conflicts, which would be based on the Concept of State National Policy. Consolidation of society in order to solve national problems should be identified as a priority in the Concept of State National Policy. Due to these circumstances, research into the tensions and conflicts of inter-ethnic interaction has conceptual and practical significance, attracts the close attention of researchers from various fields of scientific knowledge and encourages them to develop and implement effective ways of preventing and settling conflicts of this type.
 The aim of the article was to present the results of the study of interethnic tensions and conflicts in the modern world. An important place is given to the impact of interethnic conflicts on the development of social relations. The scientific novelty of the provisions proposed in the article is the study of the peculiarities of interethnic interaction and conflicts. Practical importance lies in the possibility of using the findings of the article to develop programmes for preventing and settling inter-ethnic conflicts.