Consolidation Model Research Articles

An analytical model for 3D consolidation and creep process of layered fractional viscoelastic soils considering temperature effect

The behavior of long-term deformation of saturated soil under external loads has been one of the research focuses in geological engineering and geotechnical engineering. The temperature change, especially in the fields of geological radioactive waste disposal and geothermal system, usually significantly influence the consolidation and creep process of soils. This paper presents an analytical three-dimensional (3D) model for investigating the consolidation and creep behavior of layered soils considering temperature effect. Based on the analytical layer element elastic solution, fractional calculus theory and elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle, an analytical 3D model is built by introducing the coefficients of thermal expansion and viscosity varying with temperature into the fractional Merchant model (FMM). Verifications against published analytical and numerical results are provided, followed by extensive parametric studies to investigate the effects of type of viscoelastic model, temperature change, fractional order and viscosity of FMM, layered characteristic of soils on consolidation and creep process. It’s evident that the present model predicts long-term behavior of layered viscoelastic soils well and can be used to evaluate the effect of temperature change on consolidation and creep process in geological engineering and geotechnical engineering.

An imperfect thermal contact problem for consolidation of bilayered saturated soil subjected to ramp-type heating

This study proposes a generalized imperfect thermal contact model to simulate the thermal contact resistance existing at the interface between the two adjacent soil layers. Based on the generalized imperfect thermal contact model, a thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupled consolidation model for bilayered saturated soil under ramp-type heating load is established. By means of the Laplace transform, the semi-analytical solutions of temperature increment, excess pore water pressure and displacement of the bilayered saturated soil are obtained. Based on the present solutions, the THM coupled consolidation behaviors are investigated through comparative and parametric analysis. The results show that the generalized imperfect thermal contact model can realistically describe the imperfect thermal contact problem and can be degenerated into other commonly-used thermal contact models. Due to the existence of interfacial thermal contact resistance, only a portion of heat flux passes through the interface, weakening the influence of the thermal load on the consolidation behaviors of non-heated layer. With the decrease of contact transfer coefficient and the increase of partition coefficient, the interfacial thermal contact resistance increases, and the influence of the thermal conductivity of soil grains reduces.

Vacuum-induced lateral deformation around a vertical drain in dredged slurry

The horizontal strain in the vacuum preloading/dewatering of dredged slurry is significant to the apparent clogging effect and estimation of surface settlement around a drain; however, it has seldom been investigated in previous studies. In this study, a vacuum consolidation model test assisted by particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology was conducted. The displacement vector field was obtained through PIV analysis and image processing; it was used to visually observe the deformation features around a drain. Based on the displacement field, the vertical/horizontal strains at varied radial distances were calculated to explain the ‘soil pile’ and apparent clogging effect. From the strain distribution with radial distances, a significant lateral compression zone near the drain and an extension zone at farther areas were confirmed. Furthermore, a simple explicit model was established to evaluate the horizontal strain within a prefabricated vertical drain unit cell considering a horizontal attenuated vacuum and compression/extension zone. Finally, this method was applied to predict the horizontal displacement in the model test. The results showed that the proposed method can estimate the lateral displacement of soft clay slurry fairly well.

Analysis of one‐dimensional nonlinear rheological consolidation of saturated clay considering self‐weight stress and Swartzendruber's flow rule

AbstractConsidering the nonlinear rheological properties of saturated clay, the modified unified hardening (UH) constitutive relation was introduced to describe the nonlinear rheological deformation. Meanwhile, Swartzendruber's flow law was used to simulate the non‐Darcian flow of pore water in the progress of rheological consolidation. Consequently, a nonlinear rheological consolidation model (NRCM), for one‐dimensional consolidation, that simultaneously incorporates nonlinear stress‐strain‐time relationship, Swartzendruber's flow, self‐weight stress, and variable permeability coefficient has been developed here. The finite volume method (FVM) was utilized to solve the NRCM system, and its effectiveness was verified by comparing with the existing consolidation data. The parametric analysis results indicate that the soil's nonlinear rheological effect induced the excess pore water pressure (EPWP)’s accumulation in the initial loading. This phenomenon became more significant when considering the self‐weight stress or as the initial overconsolidated parameter, soil thickness, and seepage parameter increased. In contrast, it weakened with the increase of external loading. Additionally, considering the self‐weight stress slowed down the whole dissipation of EPWP in the initial period of loading. Nevertheless, it accelerated the nonlinear consolidation process in the middle and late loading stages.

Theoretical Framework in Student Debt Research: Linking Economic, Finance and Education Theories to Student Debt Literature

There has been a growing interest in student debt research in recent years among researchers and graduate students. Student loan has become a popular means of financing the increasing cost of higher education among millennia, thus spurring the rising interest of researchers in this area. However, the availability of established theories related to the student debt topic is limited. The purpose of this study is to add to the limited literature of theories in student debt scholarship. This study links two economic theories, four finance theories, and two education theories to student debt literature. The economic theories (human capital theory and life cycle Model) emphasize the role of student loans in fostering investment in human capital and its impact on future consumption. This study also examines four debt repayment models (the debt snowball model, the balance-matching model, the debt avalanche model, and the debt consolidation model) suggested by various financial advisors on debt repayments, which postulate four distinct strategies on how debtors can settle their loans. The education theories (Tinto student departure model and John Bean’s explanatory theory of student retention model) highlight the importance of student retention at colleges to ensure college completion, which in turn increases the chances of getting a job; thus, guaranteeing loan repayment. These theories will serve as a theoretical framework guide to researchers, especially graduate students who are working on their thesis or dissertation on the student loan debt topic.

Assessing the innovation policy implementation effectiveness through clustering: The Russian Federation regions case study

Subject. This article discusses the role of cluster analysis in assessing the effectiveness of regional innovation policy implementation. Objectives. The article aims to develop a conceptual approach to assessment of the effectiveness of regional innovation policy implementation through clustering and test it considering the Russian Federation subjects. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of complex rate setting, integral estimation, and cluster analysis (tree-type clustering, k-means). Results. The article proposes a stepwise algorithm for assessing the effectiveness of regional innovation policy implementation, taking into account the relevant methodological and mathematical apparatus. Conclusions and Relevance. The developed algorithm helps create a consolidated model that characterizes the level of effectiveness of innovation policy implementation by the Russian Federation subjects in the context of cluster groups. Subject to improvement and adjustment depending on strategic priorities, the proposed tools can serve as a basis for decision-making on the development of mechanisms for implementing innovation policy at the regional level.

Analysis of prefabricated vertical drains with surcharge preloading of Hiep Phuoc clay

Finite-difference analysis of soft ground treatment with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) was performed using a newly developed consolidation model. The model uses the concept of multi-compression indices and coefficients of consolidation (CoCs) to investigate the behaviour of a soft ground deposit (pore water pressure dissipation, surface settlement and sub-layer ground settlement) and to validate the newly developed Consopro finite-difference procedure. The pre-consolidation pressures of the soft ground deposit were characterised using a combination of piezocone penetration profiling and constant rate-of-strain (CRS) consolidation tests (0.02%/min) on undisturbed samples that were retrieved from the Saigon premier container terminal in the south of Vietnam. After comparison of the back-calculated results with field-observed data, a correlation between the CoCs determined by CRS consolidation tests and the CoCs from piezocone dissipation tests, which were carried out after soil improvement, was determined.

Direct-to-Consumer Testing (DTC): Destined to Connect or Disrupt. Buyer Be Aware (An Infectious Disease Perspective)

Direct-to-consumer (DTC) testing continues to be a subject of debate throughout the medical community. DTC testing may be viewed as expanding access to health care. Additionally, caution is needed in defining the role of DTC testing in the overall health care continuum of the consumer, particularly with limited provider resources. The recent COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a shift of consumer health care expectations and triggered providers to restructure their health care delivery services to create a more consolidated care model. There are several benefits from DTC testing that can help address this new restructure of health care, such as easy access to an available product and decreased person-to-person contact. However, there have been controversies regarding ethical considerations, appropriate specimen sampling, and evidence-based practices. This article provides an overview of DTC testing, advantages and concerns, considerations around infectious disease, and the potential role of the clinical laboratory to ensure safe and effective DTC testing services.

Minor cases in civil procedure

The author within the work revealed two limits of insignificant cases of civil proceedings: the limit of correctness and the limit of timeliness. When limiting the principles of civil proceedings in simplified proceedings, it is necessary to be guided by these limits. It was found that the limit of timeliness should be understood as the procedural term of consideration of a minor civil case, which should be much shorter than the general term of consideration of civil cases within the ordinary procedural procedure. The limit of correctness should be understood as the grounds for the revocation of a judicial act. For simplified civil proceedings, the limits of correctness will be violated in the event of an illegal and unreasonable decision; time limits - in the case of consideration of the case within a period similar to or exceeding the term of consideration in the ordinary procedural procedure.
 The problem of efficiency and accessibility of justice is one of the most important problems of modern procedural law. One way to increase the availability and efficiency of justice is the emergence of expedited proceedings in civil proceedings. The simplified procedure for consideration of cases is applied based on the formal criteria of the insignificance of property claims and the complexity of the disputed legal relationship. Such circumstances do not exclude not only the complexity of the case, its potential practical significance but also the presence of trivial confrontation between the parties, which requires a court hearing. Sometimes this confrontation turns into a restriction of the court by the procedural regime granted to it by law.
 Maintaining the model of imperative consolidation of the list of cases that the court is obliged to consider expeditiously and simplified requires adequate verification capabilities. That is, the court should be able to verify all the arguments of the complaining party against imaginary and actual violations and shortcomings. The objection of one of the parties to the adopted judicial act, albeit in a simplified manner, deserves careful attention.

Impact of different models of rural land consolidation on rural household poverty vulnerability

Poverty elimination poses a great challenge to all countries around the world, and the Chinese government is consistently concerned with poverty issues. Rural land consolidation (RLC) is the important measure to alleviate poverty in rural China by improving the efficiency of land use. From the perspective of future poverty, the study analyzes the mechanism by which different RLC models, the government-dominant model and the Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) model, decrease poverty vulnerability by enhancing capabilities and endowing rights under the framework of the theory of capacity poverty proposed by Amartya Sen. Based on survey data of 562 rural households from Hubei and Guizhou Provinces, this study explores the role of and differences between two RLC models in decreasing the poverty vulnerability of registered and non-registered households through the PSM-DID estimator. The main findings are as follows: (1) The proportions of poor households and poverty vulnerability households in both registered and non-registered households have declined after the implementation of RLC, revealing that poverty vulnerability occurs along with poverty; (2) Both RLC models can significantly reduce the poverty vulnerability of both types of rural households. Furthermore, the effect of reducing the poverty vulnerability of non-registered households is greater than that of registered households; (3) The PPP RLC model reduces the poverty vulnerability much more effectively than the government-led model. Based on the above findings, the paper proposes corresponding policy recommendations for improving stability of RLC for poverty alleviation, thereby decreasing the probability of future poverty. Additionally, this study provides references for the developing areas and countries to make long-acting RLC policies for poverty alleviation.

A Systemised Approach to Smart Pump Integration with an Electronic Medical Record System – An Australian Experience

ABSTRACT Background: Smart pump integration with Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems offers an opportunity to introduce a closed-loop medication management system in hospital settings. Closed-loop medication management systems minimise human errors, improve nursing workflow and efficiency, and optimise patient safety. In this descriptive observational study, we will outline some of the key steps required to successfully integrate a smart pump dataset with EMR computerised provider/physician order entry (CPOE) systems. Methodology: The triple C model of consultation, collaboration and consolidation was used for the development and implementation of a smart infusion pump and EMR integration at a 160-bed specialist Australian hospital. This systemised approach allowed a methodical implementation process and ensured sustainability of the intervention. Key stakeholders were identified and engaged to establish a working group to align medication orders in the EMR and the smart pump library to ensure readiness of pump-EMR integration phase. Validation testing was conducted for each EMR infusion order to check successful auto-programming to a corresponding medication on the smart pump. The steps discussed are applicable to all hospital settings with EMR systems and smart pumps. Results: The smart pump dataset contained a total of 217 unique medications and fluids that were tested for interoperability. A total of 87% (188/217) passed full record testing. The remaining 13 % (29/217) were excluded from interoperability. The 13% of medication and fluids that were excluded was due to the medication being prescribed on paper (i.e. medicines with desensitisation regimen), the medication unable to be prescribed as a medicine in the EMR (i.e. blood products), the smart pump limitations to build safety limits around only one medicine (i.e. multi-additive infusions) or excluded due to specialist hospital formulary. Conclusion: This study using a systemised approach, that described and identified key stages and phases required for integration of smart pump infusions with an EMR system, to create a closed-loop medication management system in an Australian hospital setting. Highlights

Зміна парадигми регулювання фінансового ринку.

The modern financial market is a complex and dynamic mechanism that is being rapidly digitalized, new innovative technologies are emerging that change the nature of financial business and the relations between participants. All these phenomena expand the range of challenges and risks, and the threat of their implementation causes the need to change the paradigm of regulation of the financial market. A review of expert studies and conclusions showed that traditional prudential regulation mechanisms are not able to take into account the currrent changes and challenges. The article is aimed at forming a holistic view of determinants and challenges that lead to the need to change the paradigm of financial market regulation, as well as substantiation of the components of the new model of consolidated regulation and supervision. The necessity of forming a risk-oriented model of proportional regulation, focused on preventing growing threats and challenges of the digitalized financial market and its stabilization, is substantiated. It is specified that the evolution of approaches to regulation took place with different dynamics – from simple to synergistic, from adaptive to bifurcation-based, from limited to inclusive. The main determinants of the changes are asserted the following: financial and digital globalization, deregulation, development of information-communication technologies and innovations, digitalization of the market, volatility of market parameters, system risks. It is substantiated that the paradigm shift should take place on the principle of complementarity of traditional monetary policy, prudential and macroprudential regulation on the basis of consolidated supervision and the suptech (Supervisory Technologies). The basis of the new consolidated regulatory model should be a risk-oriented proportional approach that focuses on the volumes and levels of risks taken by different financial institutions. At that, it is expected that the proportionality of regulatory requirements depending on the types of instruments, operations and the level of risk taken will contribute to ensuring market stability, protecting consumers of financial services and stimulating the development of financial business. Prospect for further research is to substantiate the methods and instruments of a proportional risk-oriented regulation.

CONSOLIDATION OF UKRAINIAN SOCIETY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MILITARY AGGRESSION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AGAINST UKRAINE

The article analyzes the latest research and publications on the selected topic, considers the concept of consolidation, identifies parameters that affect the process of consolidation of Ukrainian society in the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The urgency of the research topic is that today the Ukrainian national idea, the main goal of which is to ensure the consolidation, cohesion and national unity of the Ukrainian nation, should play a decisive role in resisting attempts to divide the country on ideological and national grounds. The purpose of the article is to study the consolidation of Ukrainian society in the conditions of military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. Objectives of the study: to formulate ideas about consolidation and determine the parameters that affect the process of consolidation of Ukrainian society in the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The object of research is the consolidation of Ukrainian society, the subject of research – the parameters of consolidation of Ukrainian society in the conditions of military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The methodological basis of the research is determined by the peculiarities of the object and subject of research, its interdisciplinary nature and the expediency of combining the principles of political science, social philosophy and applied sociology. The method of systematic analysis and the ability to think critically allowed to determine the key characteristics of the current state of social development, the principles of forming a model of consolidation of Ukrainian society in the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine; the method of cluster analysis helped to determine the main parameters of consolidation. Also, the study used structural-functional, political-historical, politicalinstitutional methods, and general scientific methods. The scientific novelty of the study is a comprehensive study of the policy of consolidation of Ukrainian society in the conditions of military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The prospect of further research is to develop ways of post-war restoration of the Ukrainian state.

Consolidation of soil induced by pile installation considering disturbance effect

In practice, the consolidation of soil around the pile has a great influence on the time-dependent bearing capacity of pile. However, most of the consolidation theory of soil around the pile neglects the disturbance effect of pile-driving on surrounding soil and regards the soil as homogeneous, which overestimates the consolidation efficiency of the soil, and obtains a higher pile bearing capacity. In view of this, a consolidation model of soil around a pipe pile considering soil disturbance effect is presented in this paper. Fourier transform and separation of variables are used to obtain the analytical solution, and then the solution is verified by degradation analysis and Finite Difference Method (FDM). Firstly, the radial and vertical distribution of excess pore pressure generated after pile-driving is analyzed. In the radial direction, the excess pore pressure decreases rapidly from the radius of pipe pile to the radius of the disturbed zone, then slowly decays to 0 from the radius of disturbed zone to the influencing radius of pipe pile. In the vertical direction, the excess pore pressure along the vertical direction grows linearly. Subsequently, the variation of the average excess pore pressure at the pile-soil interface with the permeability coefficient and radius of disturbance zone are analyzed. The permeability coefficient of disturbance zone has a remarkable negative effect on the excess pore pressure during the whole consolidation period. Increasing the radius of the disturbance zone will hinder the dissipation of the excess pore pressure in the intermediate and later stages. Finally, the validity of the proposed analytical solution is illustrated by comparing with the laboratory results.

Dynamic Virtual Machine Consolidation Algorithm Based on Balancing Energy Consumption and Quality of Service

Virtual machine consolidation (VMC) is an effective way to solve the problems of high power consumption and low utilization in cloud data centers. However, large-scale virtual machine migrations (VMMs) can result in additional workloads, service-level agreement violations (SLAVs), and considerable energy consumption (EC). Existing studies have made great progress in this respect, but the following problems remain: first, the potential overload of the physical host is not considered in the load detection of the physical host; second, the resource-demand scaling of physical hosts is not considered during virtual machine (VM) placement, which results in the lack of accuracy in selecting suitable hosts. In view of the above problems, this study firstly constructs a virtual resource consolidation model based on green energy conservation (GEC-VRCM), which defines the specific process and related attributes of VMC, which is beneficial to improve the consolidation efficiency of virtual resources. Second, based on this model, we propose a dynamic virtual machine consolidation algorithm based on balancing energy consumption and quality of service (EQ-DVMCA) to achieve efficient consolidation of virtual resources. Finally, experiments show that, compared with the selected 12 benchmark algorithms and two advanced VMC algorithms, EQ-DVMCA not only reduces the number of VMMs and EC, but also maintains a high level of Quality of Service (QoS) and achieves a balance between EC and QoS.

MODEL OF PROCEDURAL COORDINATION IN CASE OF INSOLVENCY (BANKRUPTCY) OF AN ENTERPRISE GROUP

Abstract: there are no rules on the insolvency of erprise groups in Russian bankruptcy law. Traditional and generally accepted is the principle of “one debtor – one procedure”, which corresponds to the principle of isolation and autonomy of each legal entity. This approach does not correspond to the current economic environment, in which there are a large number of interconnected companies that form enterprise groups. This leads to an increasing number of problems in the bankruptcy sector, namely, to an increase in the number of insolvency cases of legal entities with a constant decrease in the percentage of satisfaction of creditors’ claims. In this regard, opinions are expressed about the need to introduce the regime of bankruptcy of enterprise group into Russian legislation. The purpose of this article is to study the enterprise group insolvency model, namely the procedural coordination model. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of procedural coordination and conducts a comparative legal study of those legislations in which this model is already used. The conclusion is made about the expediency of using the procedural coordination model instead of the substantive consolidation model and the need to introduce into the Russian bankruptcy legislation rules that fix the insolvency regime of debtors – members of an enterprise group.

The Role of Green Human Resource Management Practices towards Attaining Sustainable Development Goals through Corporate Sector

Purpose: Drawing on stakeholder theory (Freeman, 1984) and TBL theory (Elkington, 1994), this study aims to propose a consolidated model of GHRMPs – SDGs linkages, shedding light on the underlying process through which the corporate-sector can attain SDGs.
 Design/methodology: A detailed review of extant literature by strategically choosing articles on the topics of GHRMPs and sustainable-development from different databases published from 2015 to 2022 was performed.
 Key finding(s): This study identified 8 SDGs potentially attainable by corporate-sector. Through GHRMPs corporate-sector can attain three pillars of sustainability i.e., environmental, social, and economic, effectively execute green SCM practices, undertake green–innovation, and eventually accomplish SDGs. 
 Practical implication(s): This study guides business policymakers and civil society actors seeking to widen the range of sustainable corporate actors.
 Contribution to knowledge: This study explored the mid-mechanism comprehending the GHRMPs – SDGs linkages and identified the role of GHRMPs towards SDGs, and hence contributes to the knowledge by providing a roadmap for understanding sustainability by exploring the previously unexplored networks between constructs.

A semi-analytical solution for consolidation of ground with local permeable pipe pile

Aiming at optimization of drainage holes for permeable pile, a scheme of local pervious segment is introduced in the body of pipe pile to accelerate the dissipation of excess pore water pressure caused by pile driving. An axisymmetric consolidation model is established for a single local permeable pile in saturated clay. The semi-analytical solution is obtained using the boundary transform and integral transform methods. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is assessed by comparing with the results of degradation analysis, finite difference analysis and model test. Upon the successful calibration of the solution, the impacts of pervious segment parameters, geometric dimensions of pipe pile and soil physical parameters on the consolidation of soils around the pile are analyzed. Results show that local permeable pile can accelerate the soil consolidation based on the premise of structural strength of the pile body, and the acceleration effect is mainly in the early stage of consolidation. With the increase of pervious segment length and position, aspect ratio of pile, and soil permeability coefficient ratio, the benefit of local permeable pile is more apparent, which can provide reference for design.

A model for lime consolidation of porous solids

We propose a mathematical model describing the process of filling the pores of a building material with lime water solution with the goal to improve the consistency of the porous solid. Chemical reactions produce calcium carbonate which glues the solid particles together at some distance from the boundary and strengthens the whole structure. The model consists of a 3D convection–diffusion system with a nonlinear boundary condition for the liquid and for calcium hydroxide, coupled with the mass balance equations for the chemical reaction. The main result consists in proving that the system has a solution for each initial data from a physically relevant class. A 1D numerical test shows a qualitative agreement with experimental observations.

A practical model to implementing IFRS in the national accounting system: The case of Azerbaijan

The purpose of this article is to develop a methodological approach to substantiating the effective consolidation model of national accounting standards (NAS) with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for Azerbaijan. Using the questionnaire method, the advantages, and obstructions of IFRS implementation in Azerbaijan have been assessed, depending on the practicing models of consolidation of NAS and IFRS. Using fuzzy sets made it possible to determine the levels of development of advantages and obstructions associated with the introduction of IFRS into national accounting practice in Azerbaijan. We determined the most effective model of consolidation of NAS and IFRS for the enterprises of Azerbaijan. The effectiveness of implementing models for the consolidation of NAS and IFRS has been assessed to provide a balance between advantages and destructive factors in the implementation of IFRS.