Consolidation Analysis Research Articles

Numerical Analysis for Ground Subsidence Caused by Extraction Holes of Removed Piles

Around the world, and especially in Japan, the tearing down of social infrastructure, including civil engineering structures, has been increasing due to the aging of these constructions, which were built during a period of high economic growth, and a decrease in their utilization caused by a recent drop in the population. The number of existing pile foundations being pulled out has gradually risen to a higher number than that of pile foundations being newly installed. However, after the pulling-out of a pile foundation, the mechanical characteristics of the surrounding ground are of great concern due to the existence of the holes that form when the existing piles are removed (extraction holes). In this study, a three-dimensional elasto-plastic consolidation analysis was performed to examine the effect of the extraction holes of removed piles on the static properties of the surrounding ground. As examples of the results of the analysis, if an extraction hole of a removed pile is left as it is, large ground subsidence will occur near the extraction hole of removed pile, especially at the lower part of the clay layer near the hole. The greater the number of extraction holes of removed piles, the greater the compressive stress acting on the extraction holes after the pile removal. Therefore, the filler should exhibit strength early as the number of extraction holes of removed piles increases.

Urban informality and state intervention: The case of Lima

The research compares urban development models linking urban informality and State intervention in Lima between 1946 and 1975, identified through the analysis of morphology, consolidation, and incrementality in the cases of San Cosme, Ciudad de Dios, and Villa El Salvador. The objective is to establish urban intervention strategies from a SWOT matrix based on the urban dynamics and the informality/State response of the Peruvian cases, resulting in new strategies for application in similar informal contexts in the global south.

Numerical analysis of one-dimensional consolidation of soft clays subjected to cyclic loading and non-Darcian flow

This paper aims in understanding the impact of the cyclic load on the one-dimensional consolidation of soft clays subjected to non-Darcian fluid flow. Three different cyclic loadings, namely, trapezoidal, triangular, and haversine, are considered with and without the rest period. The analyses are carried out using the fully implicit scheme of the finite difference method. The hydraulic boundary surfaces are considered either to be pervious or impervious. Unlike for conventional constant loading, negative excess pore water pressure develops during the unloading phase of cyclic load. With the continuation of load application and load removal, the soil reaches a certain equilibrium stage beyond which soil deformation remains confined within a specific elastic range. To verify the impact of flow law on the progress of cyclic-load-induced consolidation, the relevant curves are drawn for a few specific spatial points as well as for the entire layer. The deviation of the curves generated from the Darcian and non-Darcian flow is markedly visible, especially after the attainment of steady-state. The existence of a critical rest period, at which the chosen flow law influences elastic rebound most, is established.

Correction to: Analysis of Densification and Consolidation during the Solid-State Recycling of High Purity Titanium Chips

Correction to: Analysis of Densification and Consolidation during the Solid-State Recycling of High Purity Titanium Chips

A decoupled Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method for large deformation analysis of saturated sand

In the finite element analysis, large deformation caused by saturated sand liquefaction may lead to numerical problems owing to mesh distortion. Based on the soil–water two-phase mixing theory, the governing equations of the two-phase mixture are derived in the study. Using the operator splitting technique and the decoupled Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) frame, a decoupled ALE Finite Element Method is developed to solve the numerical problems caused by the possible mesh distortion in the liquefaction large deformation analysis. The method is applied to one-dimensional consolidation analysis and dynamic liquefaction large deformation analysis of an embankment. The results show that the method can keep the deformed mesh in a healthy state and ensure the accuracy of the numerical solutions in large deformation analysis.

Analysis of Densification and Consolidation during the Solid-State Recycling of High Purity Titanium Chips

Analysis of Densification and Consolidation during the Solid-State Recycling of High Purity Titanium Chips

ПРАВОВЕ ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ СВОБОДИ ВОЛІ ЯК АБСОЛЮТНОГО ПРАВА

The article provides a legal justification for the absoluteness of free will. The understanding of free will has changed from imagining it as "fatum" in determinism to defining its limitations through international and national legal norms. Suppose the ancient philosophers wrote that God influences a person's will today. In that case, it is considered relevant to understand the limits of free will through the prism of regulatory and legal regulation. This thesis raises the pressing question of whether free will is absolute. The purpose of this article is the legal justification that free will is absolute. To substantiate this thesis, the author proposes to investigate two statements: 1. freedom of will is absolute, and legal norms specify it; 2. freedom of will is not absolute because regulations define its limits. The author examines absolute rights through the prism of their control in international treaties. In particular, an analysis of the normative consolidation and limitation of absolute rights in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was carried out. The author analyses the legal grounds for limiting absolute rights. The scientist concludes that the definition of a specific right as absolute is more connected not with the prohibition to limit it but with its significant meaning. It instead characterises absolute rights as natural and inalienable, although not all absolute rights are. The author claims that free will can be considered an absolute right from which other rights arise. The researcher cites an analogy when the absolute right to life gives rise to the right to health care, which gives rise to a whole series of patient rights. As a result, the author emphasises the possibility of assuming that free will is one of the absolute rights from which all others derive. At the same time, it is noted that the possibility of defining freedom of will as a personal non-property right or a principle of law requires a separate study.

The effect of osteosubstitution by platelet-rich autofibrin and hydroxyapatite ceramic with ß-tricalcium phosphate on biochemical parameters of blood in rabbits

The paper presents the results of a rabbit blood biochemical study after the substitution of simulated defects in spongy and compact bone tissue by platelet-rich fibrin and its combination with hydroxyapatite granules with ß-tricalcium phosphate. The aim of the work is to establish the biochemical features of reparative osteogenesis in the time of osteosubstitution by platelet-enriched fibrin and its combination with hydroxyapatite and ß-tricalcium phosphate. Bone defects (d = 3 mm) were modeled in rabbits from control and experimental groups (n = 12) under general anaesthesia. In the control group, a replacement was performed with autologous fibrin enriched with platelets (PRF), and in the experimental group, it was combined with hydroxyapatite ceramics. Content of biochemical substances was determined: soluble fibrin, the activity of antithrombin-III in blood plasma, nitric oxide (NO), haptoglobin, and markers of bone metabolism (bone isoenzyme alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TrAP) in serum. Measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer Stat Fax 4500. It is established that the dynamics of changes in biochemical parameters reflect certain features of osteosubstitution by different materials. In particular, the inflammatory-resorptive stage of reparative osteogenesis in the period up to the 7th day is characterized by an increase in blood concentrations of NO, haptoglobin, and soluble fibrin. However, the intensity of the acute phase in the case of combined osteosubstitution is significantly lower. The next peak of NO concentration on the 14th day indicates early angiogenesis with combined osteosubstitution. The two-phase degree of osteoresorption at the level of TrAP is significantly lower than combined osteosubstitution, and the intensity of osteogenic processes at the level of BAP, on the contrary, earlier. Also used biochemical parameters can be prognostic criteria for the analysis of fracture consolidation in conditions of osteosubstitution with different materials.

One-dimensional nonlinear consolidation analysis of soil with continuous drainage boundary

One-dimensional nonlinear consolidation analysis of soil with continuous drainage boundary

Analytical Solution and Consolidation Analysis of One-dimensional Large Strain Consolidation Differential Equation

Abstract:: According to the universal one-dimensional consolidation equation introduced by Gibson, the governing equation with the excess pore water pressure as the control variable is derived, and the Fourier series solution under the boundary condition of single-sided drainage is deduced in detail by the standard mathematical physical method. It verifies the correspondence between the analytical solution and the numerical solution from a theoretical point of view. Using this analytical solution, the nonlinear distribution of the excess pore pressure along the depth direction is obtained, and the traditional small strain consolidation is compared in terms of the average consolidation degree and the final settlement. Soft soil foundation, large deformation foundation Derive a consolidation equation for soft soils with large deformations using the super-static pore pressure as the control variable Formula derivation, Example analysis Based on Gibson's general equation of consolidation and its theory, the detailed derivation process of differential equations with excess pore water pressure as the control variable is given. According to the example, the image shows the distribution of excess pore pressure with depth, and comparative analysis of large and small strains, If all other conditions are the same, When mv1=1 MPa-1, it can be calculated according to the large and small strains, but when mv1≥3MPa-1, the two errors are large, The calculation must be considered separately.

Assessment of reclamation-induced consolidation settlement considering stratigraphic uncertainty and spatial variability of soil properties

Consolidation analysis is a key task for reclamation design. Although consolidation is a long-term process, acceleration of consolidation is often preferred for speeding up the reclamations. Before proposing measures to accelerate the consolidation and reclamation process, it is imperative to have an accurate prediction of consolidation settlement for fine-grained materials, which is greatly affected by spatial distribution of subsurface zones with different soil types (i.e., stratigraphic heterogeneities and uncertainty) and spatial variability of soil properties. In current practice, calculation of consolidation settlement often uses simplified stratigraphic boundaries and deterministic consolidation parameters without considering stratigraphic uncertainty or soil property spatial variability. The oversimplified practice might result in unconservative estimations of consolidation settlement and pose threats to safety and serviceability of constructed facilities on reclaimed lands. In this study, a stochastic framework is proposed for consolidation settlement assessment with explicit modeling of stratigraphic uncertainty and spatial variability of soil properties by machine learning and random field simulation from limited site investigation data. Performance of the proposed framework is demonstrated using an illustrative example. Results indicate that the proposed method effectively generates multiple realizations of geological cross section and random field samples of geotechnical properties from limited measurements and offers valuable insights into spatial distribution of the estimated total primary consolidation settlement curves and angular distortion.

ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ МЕДІАЦІЇ: ДОСВІД УКРАЇНИ ТА ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ ДЕРЖАВ

Attempts to legally regulate the mediation procedure in Ukraine are analyzed. The shortcomings of some draft laws "On Mediation" are highlighted, including: the lack of a procedure for the transfer of disputes within the competence of state bodies; omission of provisions that would establish the content of the legal consequences of mediation for both the parties and for public authorities. Important progressive changes aimed at development of institute of mediation in Ukraine are: bringing the current legislation of Ukraine on alternative dispute resolution in line with European Union standards and implementing the provisions of Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council into national legislation of Ukraine, that will create conditions for the work of mediators in the single European legal space; improving legal mechanisms to ensure the right of a person to protect his rights and freedoms by allowing the parties by voluntary agreement, on the basis of common interests, to resolve disputes quickly and effectively through negotiations and mutual understanding. The definition of the term "mediation" under Recommendation Rec (2002)10 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on mediation in civil matters and Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters is investigated. In order to implement the provisions of these European acts, the Member States of the European Union have adopted special national laws on pre-trial and judicial mediation. The legal regulation of mediation in Germany demonstrates the promotion of a peaceful settlement of the dispute by including various incentives for the parties, establishing the obligation of the mediator to provide training and advanced training. As a result of the analysis of the legal consolidation of the mediation procedure in Poland, a characteristic feature - the creation of an institutional and legislative basis for ensuring a mechanism for monitoring the quality of mediation services - was identified. A review of the legal provision of mediation in France, where the conciliation service is provided by victims' associations and by private mediators accredited by the local prosecutor, who have entered into a contract with the Ministry of Justice, was conducted. It is proposed to amend the draft Law of Ukraine “On Mediation” № 3504, with provisions concerning citizens' awareness of the level of professionalism of mediators and control over the quality of their activities.

P-050: Whole Exome Sequencing provides novel insights in synonymous and non-synonymous mutational landscapes of Multiple Myeloma

<h3>Background</h3> Recent NGS based genomic studies have established the role of temporal precedence of mutational signatures that initiate and drive pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma (MM). Almost 100 driver genes have been identified and investigated extensively for driver mutations in MM but their clinical impact remains underestimated. While coding nonsynonymous mutations have been well characterized, the synonymous mutations that can regulate and impact gene function have not been investigated in depth. In this study, we have co-analyzed both synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations in whole exomes of MM and compared with reported literature for ethnic differences, if any. <h3>Methods</h3> Whole exome sequencing was performed on malignant plasma cells (PCs) obtained from 71 newly diagnosed MM patients. <h3>Results</h3> Both synonymous (S) and nonsynonymous (NS) substitutions were analyzed. The C>T substitutions were most common. Other than age linked SBS5, SBS1, ID2, ID8; mutational signatures such as APOBEC related DBS11, defective DNA mismatch repair related SBS15 were also identified. The patients had an average tumor mutation burden of ~10. Nearly half of nonsynonymous mutations were clonal. The most common NS mutations were missense (~18000) followed by those in splice (~3000), 3' or 5'UTR regions (~1500) and nonsense or frameshift (~200). The most frequently mutated oncogenes with NS mutations included KRAS, BRAF, DIS3, TET2 and CREBBP while the commonly NS mutated tumor suppressor genes were KMT2C, ATM, KMT2B and TP53. Frequency of NS mutations in TP53 (~7%) in this study were significantly different from those reported for African American (1.6%) and more closer to Caucasian (6.3%). Mutations (NS) in PARP4 were found at a frequency of 3.9% which is similar to African American (3.9%) and different from Caucasian (1%). In addition, 6 different synonymous mutations were also observed in this gene at a frequency ~ 2% in MM patients in this study. Gene IRF4 also had both NS (3%) and S (~1.5%) mutations. The IRF4 NS mutation frequency (3%) is comparable with Caucasian (3.2%) while it doesnot exist among African Americans (0%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In analogy, oncogenes (e.g., LMO2, ARHGEF28, NOTCH1, RET, NOTCH2, DDR2) and tumor suppressor genes (like KMT2C, EP400, RASA2, CYLD) were enriched in synonymous mutations. A consolidated analysis of co-occurrence of both synonymous and NS mutations may help revisit their mechanistic oncogenic and clinical significance in MM.

Analysis of one-dimensional nonlinear consolidation of a saturated lumpy porous clay layer

In reclamation projects, excavated clay is dumped without any compaction to form a landfill with a heterogeneous pore structure. In this clay,interlump fissures isseveral orders of magnitude larger thanintralump pores, forming lumpy porous clay with double porosity. In this study, a nonlinear consolidation model is proposed for lumpy porous clay based ondouble porosity concept and mixture theory. The analysis follows these steps: in step 1, a representative saturated lumpy porous clay is considered as a 3-part composition, i.e., solid, fissure fluid and pore fluid, and the volume fractions are defined; in step 2, the decomposition equation is given for each part’s strain, and the homogenization relation of mixture theory is used to provide the stress relation inside the saturated lumpy porous clay; in step 3, the energy balance equation is derived in terms of the energy conjugation; in step 4, according to the energy conjugation pairs, new nonlinear constitutive equations are proposed for saturated lumpy porous clay; and in step 5, using Darcy's law, the consolidation control equations are given. The model calculations are compared with experimental data, indicating that the proposed model can effectively simulate the consolidation curves of the clay observed in the laboratory.

One-Dimensional Nonlinear Consolidation Analysis Using Hansbo’s Flow Model and Rebound-Recompression Characteristics of Soil under Cyclic Loading

Hansbo’s flow model for one-dimensional consolidation analysis of saturated clay has been widely recognized as being the most representative for soft soils. Many studies have used the model to examine the characteristics of soil under various conditions. However, very few studies have considered soil under cyclic loading. In this study, using a Hansbo’s flow model and assuming known characteristics for soft clay deformation and rebound and recompression of soil, the one-dimensional consolidation model of soft clay under cyclic loading is established. A FlexPDE solution scheme with excess pore pressure u and void ratio e as variables is also given. The reliability of the proposed method is verified by comparing the obtained results with existing results. On this basis, the consolidation characteristics of soft clay foundations under unilateral drainage and cyclic loading are studied. The effects of soil rebound and recompression characteristics, Hansbo’s flow parameters, cyclic loading period, and cyclic loading form on the consolidation characteristics of soft clay foundation are analyzed. The results show that under cyclic loading, the effective stress, void ratio, and average consolidation degree of the foundation all present a cyclic state and gradually enter a stable cyclic state with the increase in cycles. The peak of effective stress lags behind the peak of cyclic load. The rebound and recompression characteristics of soil have little effect on the effective stress of soil but a great effect on the void ratio. In contrast to its characteristic under linear loading, the average consolidation degree of the foundation under cyclic loading finally enters a stable cyclic state. The results of the analysis can be used as a reference in the analysis of real life highways, railways, subway tunnels built on soft soil foundations subjected to periodic cyclic loading.

The role of unsaturated soil mechanics in unconventional tailings deposition

Desiccation (water loss by drying or freeze-thaw sufficient to generate matric suction), can influence the performance of a tailings deposit both positively and negatively. The significance of desiccation is largest in tailings that have been dewatered prior to deposition, by thickening or filtration. Such tailings can be “stacked” or deposited with a significant slope, which usually implies that a substantial volume of tailings remain above water. Under such conditions the tailings, by accident or by design, may undergo desiccation before burial by fresh tailings. Desiccation can contribute substantially to strength, above and beyond the contribution arising from increase in density, through stress history effects. For some deposits, it is required practice that at least some tailings undergo desiccation to improve, particularly when those tailings for a structural part of a deposit. If, however, tailings remain exposed to the atmosphere in an unsaturated state for some period of time, this may have potential negative consequences through oxidation of sulphide minerals and the formation of acid drainage. This paper describes previous research on the strength gained through desiccation in tailings, and on modelling work that incorporates unsaturated soil phenomena into consolidation analysis. Both types of research are applied to a real field site, providing an example of how novel improvements to tailings management can arise out of application of principles of unsaturated soil mechanics.

One-dimensional rheological consolidation analysis considering self-weight stress and non-Darcian flow under time-dependent loading

To evaluate the settlement of saturated clay ground under the time-dependent loading, the unified hardening (UH) constitutive model considering the time effect was used to describe the elastic visco-plasticity of the soil and Hansbo's flow equation was applied to reflect non-Darcian flow. Thus, the classical Terzaghi consolidation equation was modified considering the influence of gravitational stress of the ground. The finite volume method was introduced to solve the numerical solution of the modified equation, and the corresponding program was compiled based on the above algorithm. The applicability of the present program was validated by comparing with the existing results in the literature. Then the effect of some parameters on the consolidation behaviour was investigated. The calculated results showed that the excess pore water pressure in the ground is accumulated at the initial stage of loading. Furthermore, when the viscosity of the soil is considered, the maximum excess pore water pressure in the ground away from the permeable boundary can even exceed the load imposed on the upper surface of the ground. In addition, prolonging the construction period, thickening the soil layer, increasing the secondary consolidation coefficient and the parameters of Hansbo's flow will delay the consolidation process of ground.

PHARMACOTHERAPY OF PSORIASIS SUPPORT WITH ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME: ABC/VEN ANALYSIS OF ANTI-VIRAL DRUGS

The aim was to research the pharmacotherapy of psoriasis with antiphospholipid syndrome based on ABC/VEN analysis of antiviral drugs. The materials of the study were the clinical and pharmacological groups for pharmacotherapy of psoriasis on the background of antiphospholipid syndrome. Regulatory, documentary, marketing, pharmacoeconomic, ABC/VEN research methods were used. Studied the clinical and pharmacological groups of the most drugs INN for basic pharmacotherapy of psoriasis have diagnostic codes of ATC classification L "Antineoplastic and immunomodulatory agents" and code M "Agents affecting the musculoskeletal system". In the article, the results of share of different medical forms of drugs for pharmacotherapy of psoriasis with antiphospholipid syndrome were shown. Matrix of the consolidated ABC-VEN analysis of drugs for pharmacotherapy of psoriasis with antiphospholipid syndrome was developed during the research. Shown the relevance and necessity of the chosen research topic because of a review of the scientific literature on epidemiology and pharmacotherapy. Marketing research of medicines were determined by assortment, country of origin, dosage forms, and registration certificates. Estimated that in the A/E categories, drugs coincide and are in a niche with an affordable share (17.04%). In terms of priority for pharmacotherapy of psoriasis on the background of antiphospholipid syndrome, a matrix of the combined ABC/VEN analysis was developed. The results of the study provide an opportunity to make administrative and managerial decisions in determining the pharmacotherapy of psoriasis with antiphospholipid syndrome to improve the use pharmaceutical provision for patients with systemic autoimmune diseases.

War, democratization, and generational cohort effects on participation in Japan

Studies show that both democratization and war mobilization boost levels of participation enduringly among members of the generational cohort that come of age around the time. But little is known about the relative effects of war mobilization and democratization on long-term participation rates among impressionable generations that experience both. We address this question by examining generational cohort effects by gender, drawing on newly available data on the case of Japan. Age-period-cohort analyses of the Survey on Japanese Value Orientations (1973–2013) show that the increase in lifelong participation rates of the “war generation” over prewar generations was much greater for men than for women, thus suggesting that the high rates of participation among members of this cohort are driven more by mobilization than by democratization. This finding yields significant implications for the analysis of democratic consolidation in different parts of the world.

Simulating the model for consolidation of short bored pile in pure friction soil media

In this paper, the analysis of a numerical study for consolidation analysis of short bored pile subjected to axial loads is presented. An analysis of short-bored pile is performed using finite element analysis software Abaqus CAE with the base of procured experimental data in sand media and a comparative analysis on Ansys FEA. Three models in combination of pile and footing system were developed by the application of incremental axial load for which the displacement upon each load was analyzed taking in consideration the stresses and strains. A parametric study was conducted to study the effect of load on and it’s observed displacement on the pile with or without footing. A close correlation is found between the results obtained by the FE models and the Experimental Model solution. The results indicates that the load bearing capacity of pile–footing system increases drastically when both acts together instead of acting individually.