Consistent Tendency Research Articles

What factors influence comfort with same-sex sexuality among undergraduate social work students? Evidence from Taiwan

This study examined bachelor of social work students’ attitudes and multiple variables to explore what factors affect students’ attitudes towards gay people in Taiwan. Generally, students felt comfortable with gay people. Heterosexual and male students showed a consistent tendency to feel less comfortable with gay people. Close referents who were same-sex-oriented or accepted gay people had positive influences on students’ comfort with gay people. Importantly, performing well in college-level education on gay and lesbian issues significantly affected students’ attitudes. The new findings have implications for social work educators in terms of designing educational environments and course activities.

Analogous behavior of pseudo-slug and churn flows in high viscosity liquid system and upward inclined pipes

Pseudo-slug (PS) and churn (CH) flows are among the least understood flow patterns for gas-liquid flow in pipes, despite their importance in many engineering applications. Owing to visual differences, they are commonly perceived as different flow patterns. This study presents characterizations of these flow patterns, which suggests their analogous behavior, thus enabling possibility of unified modeling between them.The experiments were conducted using an air-oil (0.213 Pa.s liquid viscosity) system with a 0.0508-m ID, 21.7-m long, upward inclined polycarbonate test section under atmospheric pressure. Flow patterns were identified using the dimensionless voltage time-trace readings of two-wire capacitance probes, supplemented by high-speed camera observations. The capacitance probes were used for slug/ pseudo-slug/ churn flow characterizations. Additionally, capillary-seal differential pressure transmitters for pressure drop measurement and quick-closing-valves section for liquid holdup measurement were used.Experimental results demonstrate that despite their visual differences, PS and CH share several common characteristics. First, both PS and CH exist between slug (SL) and segregated flows (annular or stratified) as superficial gas velocity (vSG) changes in the flow pattern map. Second, non-monotonic relationships between translational and mixture velocities are observed for both flow patterns in contrast to linear behavior for conventional SL flow. Third, both flow patterns exhibit similar signature of capacitance probes time-trace data and its distribution histogram. Fourth, they show similar values of drift-flux flow distribution coefficient (C0). And fifth, a consistent bias tendency is observed when conventional SL flow models are used to predict the pressure gradient of both flow patterns. The visual difference between PS and CH may be attributed to higher frequency, wavier film interface, and more uniform pipe wetting exhibited by CH compared to PS flow due to inclination angle effects.Several SL to CH transition models are modified/ extended to predict SL to PS transition. The combination of Taylor bubble flooding and a unified slug flow model is found to predict the SL to PS transition accurately within the experimental range, further supporting the analogy between PS and CH.

Clinical analysis of medication related osteonecrosis of the jaws: A growing severe complication in China

Background/purposeMedication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) is an unusual but quite serious complication. However, its mechanism remains unclear, and its treatment protocol is still controversial. Materials and methodsOur study involved 201 osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) patients from September 2006 to March 2017. We analyzed risk factors, clinical characteristics, treatment, etc., by comparing MRONJ with other ONJs. ResultsAmong 201 patients, MRONJ accounted for 14.71% and it presented a consistent increase tendency. In comparison with other ONJs, we considered advanced age, maxilla lesion, diabetes mellitus, tooth extraction, especially multi-teeth extraction as risk factors (P < 0.0125). Our study demonstrated that maxillary lesion was associated with an advanced stage and it was inclined to worse prognoses. We also found MRONJ had little correlation to Actinomyces infection. Surgical treatment could improve patients' condition successfully (P > 0.05). 81.3% patients with advanced stage showed complete or partial healing lesions after surgery. ConclusionAdvanced age, maxilla lesion, diabetes mellitus, tooth extraction seem to be important triggering factors for MRONJ. Clinicians and surgeons should pay attention to maxillary lesions as it is related to severe symptoms and unfavorable prognosis. Once diagnosed as MRONJ, surgery is an effective treatment for patients with advanced stage.

Indoor contamination from pesticides used for outdoor insect control

The present study assessed the indoor level of pesticide residue contamination at a total of 45 dwelling facilities in 5 cities of South Korea from June to November 2014. Pesticide residue contamination was assessed by measuring the frequency and concentration of chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, and cypermethrin residues in airborne particles, indoor dust, and surface wipes. A preparatory test showed a decreasing tendency in the concentrations of pesticide residues in indoor air over time: from 0.458 to 0.073mg/m3 in dichlorvos for 4weeks and from below 0.050mg/m3 to non-detection in the other substances for 2weeks. Then, pesticide residues were detected indoors 4weeks after outdoor chemical control, implying the infiltration of pesticide particles from outdoors. Airborne particles of dichlorvos were found at a higher level (74.4% of samples at a concentration of 0.053mg/m3), whereas those of the other substances were detected at lower levels (6.1% at 0.002mg/m3 in chlorpyrifos and 9.4% at 0.022mg/m3 in cypermethrin). There was no consistent tendency in the indoor levels of pesticide residue contamination according to dwelling types or indoor height. The indoor levels of dichlorvos residue contamination were lower in industrial districts than in urban or rural districts: 63.9% and 0.013mg/m3 for airborne particles, 13.3% and 0.002μg/g for indoor dust, and 6.7% and 0.001mg/cm2 for surface wipes, respectively. There were no significant differences in the indoor levels of pesticide residue contamination between urban and rural districts. The current study found that most dwelling facilities managed their indoor levels of pesticide residue contamination below permissible exposure limit (PEL, 1.0mg/m3) or threshold limit value (TVL, 0.1mg/m3), whereas some facilities did not. So, we suggest that certain guidelines should be drawn up regarding the indoor environment management.

The Burden of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a major contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, especially in resource-limited settings. Although Africa has the highest burden of hypertension in the general adult population worldwide and exhibits a high rate of risk factors for HDP, little is known about the magnitude of HDP in the region. We conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize available data on the prevalence of HDP in Africa. Methods: We did a comprehensive literature search to identify articles published from January 1, 1996, to September 30, 2017, and searched the reference list of retrieved articles. We used a random-effects model to estimate the overall and type-specific prevalence of HDP in Africa. Heterogeneity (I²) was assessed via the χ² test on Cochran's Q statistic. Findings: We included 82 studies published between 1997 and 2017 reporting data on a pooled sample of 854,304 women during pregnancy or puerperium. Most studies were hospital-based, conducted in urban settings across 24 countries. In this population, the overall prevalence of HDP was 100.4‰ (95%CI: 81.4-121.2). Specifically, we found a prevalence of 49.8‰ (95%CI: 32.3-70.7) for gestational hypertension, 14.7‰ (95%CI: 11.6-18.2) for chronic hypertension, 9.2‰ (95%CI: 4.2-16.0) for superimposed pre-eclampsia, 44.0‰ (95%CI: 36.7-52.0) for pre-eclampsia, 22.1‰ (95%CI: 14.8-30.8) for severe pre-eclampsia, 14.7‰ (95%CI: 8.123.2) for eclampsia and 2.2‰ (95%CI: 1.2-3.4) for HELLP syndrome. Prevalence of HDP was significantly higher in Central and Western Africa; and there was a consistent tendency of increasing HDP prevalence with income at the country level. Interpretation: The burden of HDP in Africa is high, with about one in ten pregnancies affected. The higher rate of severe forms of HDP that are associated with significant maternal and perinatal mortality, is a major concern in the region. These findings call for a rapid implementation of culturally appropriate strategies for primary prevention, early detection and adequate management of women with HDP in Africa. Such interventions would contribute to curb the alarming maternal and perinatal mortality rates in this region. Funding Statement: There was no funding source for this study. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

An examination of class-based visibility bias in national child maltreatment reporting

It is widely assumed among researchers and policy makers that poverty increases children's exposure to professional reporters (e.g., social service providers) causing more reports to be made. This is sometimes called “Class-Based Visibility Bias” (CBVB) and the literature is consistent in placing this effect exclusively among professional reporters. To the degree that large CBVB effects exist, there must therefore be a higher proportion of reports from professionals as poverty increases. We examined this relationship using statewide individual-level data in four states (Idaho, Michigan, Missouri, and New Hampshire) and nationwide county-level data. Contrary to expectations, increasing poverty was not associated with increases in the proportions of reports from professionals in either individual- or county-level data. In fact, at both individual and county levels, there was a consistent tendency toward a slightly lower proportion of reports from professionals with increasing poverty, holding true across all racial/ethnic groups and maltreatment subtypes. We see two plausible explanations. First, it is theoretically possible that CBVB may be present both among professionals and nonprofessionals, but may be slightly stronger among nonprofessionals. This would require a fundamental reworking of existing CBVB theory, as there is no currently postulated rationale for why CBVB would apply to nonprofessionals such as families, friends, and neighbors. The second possible explanation is that CBVB is not a primary driver of official maltreatment reports, and that concerns about CBVB effects have been overblown. Given the recently emerging scientific consensus that the poverty/maltreatment relationship is largely real, and not a function of reporting bias, the second explanation may be more plausible.

DISPLAYS OF OF ELECTORAL CULTURE IN THE ELECTORAL FIELD OF THE CARPATHIAN-PODILSK REGION

Problem Statement and Purpose. The article reveals the behaviour of the voters of a certain territory in the context of ideological commitment, electoral activity, conditions and factors that influence the choice of people. Thus a tradition of electoral activity and the collective memory of the party favour is formed. Four electoral cadences were chosen for investigation over the period 2006-2014 years. It helped to determine changes in the elections interest (vote), commitment to a certain type of ideology, which was analysed according to a proportion of voting for a group of political parties with close ideological views. The manifestation of mass political consciousness, which shows itself through the electoral culture, allows us to estimate at the territorial level, the population’s attitude to certain ideologies and political orientations. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of electoral activity as a form of electoral culture. Data & Methods. The basis of the article is a theoretical and methodological development of leading experts in the field of modern political geography, electoral geography and other sciences that study the peculiarities of electoral processes. There were used such scientific methods of research as analysis and synthesis, statistical, generalization, abstraction and others. Materials of Central Election Commission were used in this article for the period 2006 – 2014 years. Results. Conclusions were made regarding certain territorial attachment of the electorate. Grouping of administrative units was implemented according to the level of electoral culture formation based on certain ideological direction. Our studies allow to note a tendency of electoral activity gradual alignment and consistency of regional character assessment of the electoral process, which suggests the formation of a common problem field of electoral culture. Based on our research, a higher formation level of electoral culture demonstrate areas of Galician region (Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv and Ternopil); in east-Podilsk regions and areas of multi-ethnic character (Transcarpathian, Chernivtsi) electoral culture is an indicator of social cohesion process around a particular range of views and ideas, guided by pro-European and pro-Ukrainian views.

Examining the accuracy of students' self-reported academic grades from a correlational and a discrepancy perspective: Evidence from a longitudinal study.

The present longitudinal study examined the reliability of self-reported academic grades across three phases in four subject domains for a sample of 916 high-school students. Self-reported grades were found to be highly positively correlated with actual grades in all academic subjects and across grades 9 to 11 underscoring the reliability of self-reported grades as an achievement indicator. Reliability of self-reported grades was found to differ across subject areas (e.g., mathematics self-reports more reliable than language studies), with a slight yet consistent tendency to over-report achievement levels also observed across grade levels and academic subjects. Overall, the absolute value of over- and underreporting was low and these patterns were not found to differ between mathematics and verbal subjects. In sum, study findings demonstrate the consistent predictive utility of students’ self-reported achievement across grade levels and subject areas with the observed tendency to over-report academic grades and slight differences between domains nonetheless warranting consideration in future education research.

The relationship of chromophoric dissolved organic matter parallel factor analysis fluorescence and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in natural surface waters.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a large group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have caused wide environmental pollution and ecological effects. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), which consists of complex compounds, was seen as a proxy of water quality. An attempt was made to understand the relationships of CDOM absorption parameters and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) components with PAHs under seasonal variation in the riverine, reservoir, and urban waters of the Yinma River watershed in 2016. These different types of water bodies provided wide CDOM and PAHs concentration ranges with CDOM absorption coefficients at a wavelength of 350nm (a CDOM(350)) of 1.17-20.74m-1 and total PAHs of 0-1829ng/L. CDOM excitation-emission matrix (EEM) presented two fluorescent components, e.g., terrestrial humic-like (C1) and tryptophan-like (C2) were identified using PARAFAC. Tryptophan-like associated protein-like fluorescence often dominates the EEM signatures of sewage samples. Our finding is that seasonal CDOM EEM-PARAFAC and PAHs concentration showed consistent tendency indicated that PAHs were un-ignorable pollutants. However, the disparities in seasonal CDOM-PAH relationships relate to the similar sources of CDOM and PAHs, and the proportion of PAHs in CDOM. Overlooked and poorly appreciated, quantifying the relationship between CDOM and PAHs has important implications, because these results simplify ecological and health-based risk assessment of pollutants compared to the traditional chemical measurements.

Are periodontal outcomes affected by personality patterns? A 18-month follow-up study

Objectives: This research aims to study the relationship between personality traits and periodontal clinical outcomes by taking into account the level of anxiety and depression, periodontal health and oral hygiene behaviour of patients affected with gingivitis or moderate periodontitis requiring periodontal therapy.Material and methods: The periodontal data of 40 systemically healthy patients affected by gingivitis or moderate periodontitis were collected at baseline and 18 months later. The psychological variables, dental awareness and adherence intent of the patients were assessed through questionnaires, and only those patients that exhibited a higher degree of compliance were included in the study. The personality traits (cluster A: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal; cluster B: borderline, antisocial, narcissistic, and histrionic; cluster C: avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive) and the level of anxiety and depression of the patients were assessed. Patients were instructed with oral hygiene measures and were treated with periodontal therapy.Results: Clusters A and B showed a consistent tendency for reduced levels of oral hygiene (increased full-mouth plaque score – FMPS). The results from cluster B were found to be significantly related to deep periodontal pockets at baseline. On the contrary, cluster C seemed to be linked to clinically better indices, particularly in terms of full-mouth-bleeding-score and pocket depth, both at baseline and 18 months later. The results collected from clusters B and C were directly correlated with anxiety, depression and FMPS. Moreover, anxiety was directly correlated with the patient’s need for professional oral-care.Conclusions: Personality traits appear to play a significant role in determining the therapeutic outcomes of periodontal therapy in themselves. Thus, it is ideal for several important psychological, affective or behavioural factors to be associated with various personality traits so as to orient the outcome of periodontal therapy.

Gender-specific metabolic responses in gonad of mussel Perna viridis to triazophos

Triazophos, as a lipophilic organophosphate pesticide, displays higher bioaccumulation in the gonads of shellfish. To study the reproductive toxicity of triazophos, we applied metabolomics to characterize the gender-specific metabolic responses in mussel Perna viridis exposed to triazophos. Metabolites were differently altered by triazophos in ovaries of mussel at different concentrations and time intervals, while basically similar metabolic response patterns were observed in male mussels at the two tested concentrations after exposure for 24 and 48h. The significant changes of metabolites in ovaries of mussel exhibited the disturbances in energy metabolism and osmotic regulation, while in male samples triazophos only affected the energy metabolism. Moreover, glycine, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, ethanol, aspartate, etc. exhibited consistent variation tendency in both male and female individuals. While the changes of homarine, betaine, taurine, hypotaurine, malonate, β-alanine, succinate, and choline showed obviously gender-specific responses. Overall, this study confirmed the gender-specific responses in gonad of P. viridis to triazophos exposure.

Environmentally and behaviourally mediated co‐occurrence of functional traits in bird communities of tropical forest fragments

Two major theories of community assembly – based on the assumption of ‘limiting similarity’ or ‘habitat filtering’, respectively – predict contrasting patterns in the spatial arrangement of functional traits. Previous analyses have made progress in testing these predictions and identifying underlying processes, but have also pointed to theoretical as well as methodological shortcomings. Here we applied a recently developed methodology for spatially explicit analysis of phylogenetic meta‐community structure to study the pattern of co‐occurrence of functional traits in Afrotropical and Neotropical bird species inhabiting forest fragments. Focusing separately on locomotory, dietary, and dispersal traits, we tested whether environmental filtering causes spatial clustering, or competition leads to spatial segregation as predicted by limiting similarity theory. We detected significant segregation of species co‐occurrences in African fragments, but not in the Neotropical ones. Interspecific competition had a higher impact on trait co‐occurrence than filter effects, yet no single functional trait was able to explain the observed degree of spatial segregation among species. Despite high regional variability spanning from spatial segregation to aggregation, we found a consistent tendency for a clustered spatial patterning of functional traits among communities in fragmented landscapes, particularly in non‐territorial species. Overall, we show that behavioural effects, such as territoriality, and environmental effects, such as the area of forest remnants or properties of the landscape matrix in which they are embedded, can strongly affect the pattern of trait co‐occurrence. Our findings suggest that trait‐based analyses of community structure should include behavioural and environmental covariates, and we here provide an appropriate method for linking functional traits, species ecology and environmental conditions to clarify the drivers underlying spatial patterns of species co‐occurrence.

Structural analysis of rubble-pile asteroids applied to collisional evolution

Solar system small bodies come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, which are achieved following very individual evolutional paths through billions of years. Nevertheless, some common mechanisms can still be found during these processes, e.g., rubble-pile asteroids tend towards fluid equilibrium as they are reshaped by external disturbances. This paper focuses on the reshaping process of rubble-pile asteroids driven by meteorite impacts. A mesoscale cluster of solid spheres is employed as the principal model for a rubble-pile asteroid, for which little is actually known about their interior structure. We take this simple model as a rough guide to the qualitative aspects of the reshaping processes, and it can reveal, to some degree, the inner workings of rubble-pile asteroids. In our study, numerous possible equilibrium configurations are obtained via Monte Carlo simulation, and the structural stability of these configurations is determined via eigen analysis of the geometric constructions. The eigen decomposition reveals a connection between the cluster’s reactions and the types of external disturbance. Numerical simulations are performed to verify the analytical results. The gravitational N-body code pkdgrav is used to mimic the responses of the cluster under intermittent non-dispersive impacts. We statistically confirm that the stability index I S, the total gravitational potential P G, and the volume of inertia ellipsoid V E show consistent tendency of variation. A common regime is found in which the clusters tend towards crystallization under intermittent impacts, i.e., only the configurations with high structural stability survive under the external disturbances. The results suggest the trivial non-disruptive impacts might play an important role in the rearrangement of the constituent blocks, which may strengthen these rubble piles and help to build a robust structure under impacts of similar magnitude. The final part of this study consists of systematic simulations over two parameters, the projectile momentum and the rotational speed of the cluster. The results show a critical value exists for the projectile momentum, as predicted by theory, below which all clusters become responseless to external disturbances; and the rotation proves to be significant for it exhibits an “enhancing” effect on loose-packed clusters, which coincides with the observation that several fast-spinning asteroids have low bulk densities.

Representation of online image of tourist destination: a content analysis of Huangshan

ABSTRACTOnline image of tourist destination has emerged as a crucial element in the construction of tourist destination image. The destination, along with the online tourism marketers, plays an increasingly significant role in forming online image of tourist destination. This study takes Huangshan as an example and collects photographic and textual information of Huangshan from its official online media and online tourism marketers. Built upon the semiotic theory, content analysis, and visual analysis are employed to explore the online image of Huangshan. The analysis comprises the coding manual formation, coding check, and formal encoding. The results indicate that online image of tourist destination of Huangshan is composed of three elements, that is, tourism resources, tourism facilities, and tourism services, which further comprise several secondary elements. Different information sources with different demonstration focuses of online image of tourist destination elements are different. Consistency tendency is in common among the demonstration of online image of tourist destination elements in different media forms.

Salivary peptidome profiling analysis for occurrence of new carious lesions in patients with severe early childhood caries.

This study aimed to identify differences of peptide profiles in stimulated whole saliva among children with and without occurrence of new carious lesions, and to provide a simple way for early diagnosis and prevention of the relapse of severe early childhood caries (s-ECC). Overall, 26 children aged 3–4 years were selected out from all the children in the kindergarten to be involved in the present study, among them 13 were diagnosed as s-ECC and underwent dental treatment, whilst the other 13 were matched by age and sex as control. Stimulated whole saliva samples were collected before treatment, and at 10 days and 4 months after treatment. During follow-up, 7 of the 13 children with s-ECC showed a relapse, and the new carious lesions were then treated. Salivary peptides were detected using the technique of magnetic beads combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Fifteen peptides showed significant differences in the group without occurrence of new carious lesions (CH group). On comparing the CH group and the other group with occurrence of new carious lesions (CR group), no significant differences were observed before treatment, whereas certain peptides showed significant differences at both 10 days and 4 months after treatment. Two peptides (experimental m/z values: 3162.0 Da and 3290.4 Da) exhibited a consistent tendency in cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons among these groups; these may be associated with recurrence of s-ECC. Based on our findings, it is concluded that different saliva peptide peaks can be detected in s-ECC using MALDI-TOF MS combined with magnetic beads. Moreover, 2 specific peptides with m/z values 3162.0 Da and 3290.4 Da could be promising salivary protein biomarkers for diagnosis of recurrence of s-ECC.

Spatial representation of magnitude in gorillas and orangutans

Humans mentally represent magnitudes spatially; we respond faster to one side of space when processing small quantities and to the other side of space when processing large quantities. We determined whether spatial representation of magnitude is a fundamental feature of primate cognition by testing for such space-magnitude correspondence in gorillas and orangutans. Subjects picked the larger quantity in a pair of dot arrays in one condition, and the smaller in another. Response latencies to the left and right sides of the screen were compared across the magnitude range. Apes showed evidence of spatial representation of magnitude. While all subjects did not adopt the same orientation, apes showed consistent tendencies for spatial representations within individuals and systematically reversed these orientations in response to reversal of the task instruction. Results suggest that spatial representation of magnitude is phylogenetically ancient and that consistency in the orientation of these representations in humans is likely culturally mediated.

A metabolic network approach to building performance: Information building modeling and simulation of biological indicators

In an effort to complement energy-efficiency oriented methods of environmental building study, this research seeks to understand building as a metabolic thermodynamic network, and investigates performance and sustainability with system-level principles and biological indicators. This approach introduces two system evaluation metrics: (i) solar emjoule (sej) of emergy (spelled with an “m”) and (ii) bits of information. In this way, emergy-information indicates the intensive organization of building energy flux in association with global environment development. Findings from a comparative analysis of a net-zero energy building (NZEB) and a non-NZEB show that buildings increase network complexity, resilience, and adaptability as they reduce nonrenewable inputs with energy feedback loops. The consistent tendency of maximizing information and complexity at the expense of efficiency demonstrates that building thermodynamic networking parallels the general ecosystems developmental phenomenon –maximum power at optimal efficiency.

Modeling Vapor Liquid Phase Equilibrium for CxHy + CxHyFz Using Peng–Robinson and Perturbed-Chain SAFT

Modeling the vapor liquid phase equilibrium of mixed refrigerants is the essential precondition for the calculation of refrigeration system. In this work, the study on 48 pure substances and 58 binary systems consisting of CxHy and CxHyFz was performed. Both Peng–Robinson (PR) and perturbed-chain SAFT (PCSAFT) were investigated. The relationship between the parameters in PR and PCSAFT was exhibited. Strong linear function of the volume parameter mσ3 in PCSAFT with covolume parameter b in PR were found, as well as the energy parameter me2 in PCSAFT with energy parameter a/b in PR. This correlated characteristic provides an idea for regressing pure substance parameters and a criterion whether the regressed parameters are reasonable or not. The interaction parameters in PR-VDW and PCSAFT show consistent tendency, and both are limited to a very narrow range. The simple predictive method was proposed by using the average value 0.146 for PR-VDW and 0.093 for PCSAFT. The internal correlated behaviors result that...

Consistent Belief in a Good True Self in Misanthropes and Three Interdependent Cultures.

People sometimes explain behavior by appealing to an essentialist concept of the self, often referred to as the true self. Existing studies suggest that people tend to believe that the true self is morally virtuous; that is deep inside, every person is motivated to behave in morally good ways. Is this belief particular to individuals with optimistic beliefs or people from Western cultures, or does it reflect a widely held cognitive bias in how people understand the self? To address this question, we tested the good true self theory against two potential boundary conditions that are known to elicit different beliefs about the self as a whole. Study 1 tested whether individual differences in misanthropy-the tendency to view humans negatively-predict beliefs about the good true self in an American sample. The results indicate a consistent belief in a good true self, even among individuals who have an explicitly pessimistic view of others. Study 2 compared true self-attributions across cultural groups, by comparing samples from an independent country (USA) and a diverse set of interdependent countries (Russia, Singapore, and Colombia). Results indicated that the direction and magnitude of the effect are comparable across all groups we tested. The belief in a good true self appears robust across groups varying in cultural orientation or misanthropy, suggesting a consistent psychological tendency to view the true self as morally good.

Investigation of PID Control Model Performance in Off-road Working Vehicle Motion Stability Control System

This paper focuses on tip-over problem of orchard vehicle, establishes vehicle dynamic model with 7 degrees of freedom (DOF), and proposes a vehicle motion stability control method based on real-time adjustment of vehicle posture parameters, relies on ADAMS and MATLAB to set up co-simulation control model, and conducts vehicle scale model motion stability control simulation and test. Analysis of simulation result shows that vehicle motion stability control model mentioned above can effectively prevent orchard vehicle tip-over accidents. To verify simulation result, vehicle state parameter collection system is established to acquire information on vehicle velocity and posture in real time. It is found in the same environment, including road conditions and parameter adjustment, vehicle scale model test and co-simulation result have a basically consistent variation tendency. When vehicle encounters tip-over accident, angles such as pitching angle vary rapidly. In anti-tip-over control process, pitching and rolling angle have greater influence on vehicle motion stability. If Kp and Kd are adjusted properly, good vehicle motion stability control effect is acquired.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.23.2.17256