Consideration Of Environmental Conditions Research Articles

Genetic improvement approaches of indigenous cattle breeds for adaptation, conservation and sustainable utilization to changing climate in Ethiopia

This paper attempts to review the cattle genetic improvement approaches for sustainable utilization, adaptation, and conservation in the face of changing climatic conditions. Livestock production is affected by climate change, which poses a greater threat to populations that rely on them for their overall food security. Climate change negatively affects cattle production directly through its impact on animal physiology, behavior, and health and indirectly through its effect on feed and water availability, quality and quantity of pasture, forage crops, and rangeland due to increased temperature droughts. Improvement of cattle genetic resources that are efficient and well adapted to extreme temperatures, low-quality diets, and disease challenges is critical to effectively cope with climate change. Designing suitable breeding strategies will facilitate improving the performance of cattle breeds and enhance their tolerance to the dynamics of climate change. Replacement of local cattle breeds with exotic ones and unplanned crossbreeding with them without enough consideration of environmental conditions are among the major factors contributing to the loss of locally adapted breeds that possess certain adaptive traits. Maintenance of indigenous cattle’s genetic diversity, which underpins resistance to environmental stresses is a viable strategy to mitigate the possible effects of future climatic challenges. In contrast to the traditional selection, genomic selection increases the accuracy of selection with the largest genetic gain, for the low heritability traits such as adaptability and longevity. In conclusion, any breeding strategies should be relevant in terms of breed suitability, performance, and adaptability in the given production environment to sustain cattle production.

Harnessing Enzymes for Optimal Poultry Feed Formulations (Mini Review)

This paper focuses on the use of enzymes in effective and efficient poultry feed formulations. The introduction highlights the importance of good nutrition for poultry and the increasing need for innovative feed formulations due to limited availability and rising prices of feed ingredients. Enzymes are introduced as protein compounds that enhance nutrient digestion and absorption in poultry, potentially reducing feed production costs. However, their widespread use in Indonesia is still limited due to a lack of knowledge. The paper discusses the role of enzymes in poultry nutrition, including their involvement in digestion and nutrient absorption. It also emphasizes the essential nutrients required for poultry growth and development and the factors influencing their nutritional needs. The types of enzymes commonly used in poultry feed formulations, such as phytase, amylase, protease, and lipase, are explored along with their mechanisms of action. Research findings demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of using enzymes in improving nutrient availability and feed efficiency, ultimately enhancing poultry production productivity and sustainability. The paper concludes with recommendations for the development and application of enzymes in poultry feed formulations, highlighting the need for careful enzyme selection, dosage adjustment, and consideration of environmental conditions. Furthermore, the importance of integrating enzymes with other feed ingredients and adopting a comprehensive nutrition strategy is emphasized. Overall, the use of enzymes in poultry feed formulations offers significant advantages for modern poultry farming, but careful implementation and further research are necessary to optimize their effectiveness and efficiency.

Global Warming and Endocrinology: The Hyderabad Declaration of the South Asian Federation of Endocrine Societies.

Global warming and endocrine disorders are intertwined issues posing significant challenges. Greenhouse gases emanating from human activities drive global warming, leading to temperature rise and altered weather patterns. South Asia has experienced a noticeable temperature surge over the past century. The sizable population residing in the region heightens the susceptibility to the impact of global warming. In addition to affecting agriculture, water resources, and livelihood, environmental changes interfere with endocrine functioning. Resulting lifestyle changes increase the risk of metabolic and endocrine disorders. Individuals with diabetes face heightened vulnerability to extreme weather due to impaired thermoregulation. A high ambient temperature predisposes to heat-related illnesses, infertility, and nephropathy. Additionally, essential endocrine drugs and medical devices are susceptible to temperature fluctuations. The South Asian Federation of Endocrine Societies (SAFES) calls for collaboration among stakeholders to combat climate change and promote healthy living. Comprehensive approaches, including the establishment of sustainable food systems, promotion of physical activity, and raising awareness about environmental impacts, are imperative. SAFES recommends strategies such as prioritizing plant-based diets, reducing meat consumption, optimizing medical device usage, and enhancing accessibility to endocrine care. Raising awareness and educating caregivers and people living with diabetes on necessary precautions during extreme weather conditions are paramount. The heat sensitivity of insulin, blood glucose monitoring devices, and insulin pumps necessitates proper storage and consideration of environmental conditions for optimal efficacy. The inter-connectedness of global warming and endocrine disorders underscores the necessity of international collaboration guided by national endocrine societies. SAFES urges all stakeholders to actively implement sustainable practices to improve endocrine health in the face of climate change.

드론테러에 대비한 국가중요시설 유형분류 및 효과적인 안티드론시스템 구축방안

Recently, the National Terrorism Countermeasures Committee decided on supplementary measures for the anti-drone system to be built in important national facilities in the future. Accordingly, the head of national important facilities and those in charge of protection policy are at a crossroads of strategic judgment to secure both cost and effectiveness, and recognize that some do not match when building 'A/B/C' according to the existing classification system situation.
 Therefore, this study provides basic data on which equipment is desirable to use for each facility in consideration of environmental conditions that may be missed when the system is built according to the importance, and can be used as a comprehensive index applicable to private facilities. The purpose of this study is to suggest an effective anti-drone system construction plan.
 For the research method, after confirming the aspects of the previously presented anti-drone system through literature review, equipment incorporating the latest technology was added, and considering the existence of surroundings facilities, population density, and exposure of facilities, which are environmental factors of national important facilities, total of four types were presented: city-exposed type, city-non-exposed type, non-city-exposed type, and non-city-non-exposed type.
 As a result of the study, it was suggested that it is possible to build an effective anti-drone system when selected by dividing it into essential equipment and optional equipment presented according to the environment of the facility, and this is expected to be a countermeasure against drone terrorism suitable for the field.

Optimization of the cathodic protection system for the main pipelines

This study investigated the multi-criteria task of optimizing the operating modes of cathodic protection stations (CPS), considering monitoring data, geological conditions at the pipeline installation site, climatic or seasonal changes, and other factors. The relevance of this research is associated with a comprehensive solution to the problem of increasing the durability and reliability of trunk pipelines to reduce accidents at their facilities by ensuring the efficiency of electrochemical protection (EChP) systems. The problems of existing EChP systems are analyzed, where the elimination of anode zones ("lack of protection") due to cathodic polarization is carried out without operational consideration of environmental conditions, as a rule, with a margin in terms of protective potential, which often leads to "overprotection", resulting in increased power consumption, gas formation on the metal surface, and detachment and wear insulation of pipelines. The aim of this research is to create a method for optimal regulation of the operation modes of the main pipelines and an adaptive electrochemical protection system that provides control and parameter management of cathodic protection stations, considering changes in external conditions on individual linear sections of main pipelines. Tasks: to develop an adjustment method for finding the effect of the CPS on the value of potentials at control points along the pipeline route; to develop a multicriteria optimization model for regulating the operation modes of the CPS; and to provide an example of testing the method of optimal regulation on the objects of the linear part of the existing main gas pipeline. The following results were obtained. A method is proposed for determining the effect of CPS operating modes on the value of potentials at control points in the mode of interrupting the protection current of other stations. An optimization model was formed according to the criterion of uniformity of the distribution of the protective potential "pipe-ground" along the pipeline route and according to the criterion of the minimum total protective current of all CPSs on a given section of the main pipeline. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is associated with the development of an original optimization method that allows scientifically determining the operation modes of the CPS to ensure the protection of the main pipeline both in time and length with reduced operating costs and adaptability to changes in climatic, seasonal, and geological conditions at the pipeline installation site. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by the regulation of the parameters of the CPS based on the monitoring data of the section of the main gas pipeline of the oil and gas complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Toward an adaptable deep-learning model for satellite-based wildfire monitoring with consideration of environmental conditions

As the majority of active fire detection algorithms have been developed for worldwide applications using only satellite data without considering observing conditions and environmental factors, their performance varies regionally. This study investigates the viability of an adaptable active fire detection model that is applicable to diverse environmental and observing conditions by fusing numerical model data and satellite images. The model was developed for various land cover and climate types using commonly utilized brightness temperature-related variables (key variables) and supporting variables (sub-variables), including solar zenith angle, satellite zenith angle (SAZ), relative humidity (RH), and skin temperature. A dual-module (DM) convolutional neural network (CNN) structure was adopted to consider the different properties of key variables and sub-variables, and a control without sub-variables was used to assess the impact of observing and environmental variables. The proposed model was further evaluated using existing polar-orbiting and geostationary satellite-based active fire products. The recall and precision of the control model were 0.80 and 0.98, respectively, and the standard deviation of recall for the five focus sites was 0.140. However, the DM CNN model was notable for its higher recall and robustness compared to the control model (recall of 0.84, precision of 0.97, and standard deviation of recall of 0.126). High RH and SAZ, and the day-night transition period contributed to the poor performance of the control model which was mitigated by the DM CNN model. In particular, the use of RH improved the recall of the model, and SAZ contributed to the reduction of performance variation. Our model also outperformed the two geostationary satellite-based active fire products in terms of detection capacity, resulting in a spatial distribution of active fires similar to that of polar-orbiting satellite-based active fire products.

Формирование корнесомкнутой лесной экосистемы выше границы леса в горах Северного Урала

The purpose of this work is to determine the length of the root systems of Siberian stone pine undergrowth (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) growing in the mountain tundra of the Northern Urals and to establish regression relationships with its aboveground parameters and age. The studies were carried out in the belt of mountain stony shrub-moss-lichen tundra at an altitude of 1010–1040 m above sea level on the plateau of the «Tri Bugra» mountain massif (59°30ʹ N, 59°15ʹ E). Consideration of environmental conditions and undergrowth of woody plants was carried out on 30 registered plots with a size of 5×5 m. P. sibirica is absolutely dominant (6,0 thousand specimens per ha) in the undergrowth. Its constant almost annual renewal began in the end 60s XX century. It was revealed that under the conditions of mountain tundra, the length of the root systems of all studied age groups of P. sibirica undergrowth exceeds its height by 1,2…1,5 times, and the area of soil nutrition (field of root competition) exceeds the area of projective crown cover by more than 10 times. A statistically significant relationship between the length of roots and the age (R2 = 0,78) of the undergrowth and its height (R2 = 0,92) are established. Regression equations are obtained. At the current rates of climate warming and the growth of P. sibirica trees, the revealed dependences make it possible to predict for the mountain tundra of the Northern Urals mosaic formation of primary underground-closed forest associations (woodlands) with characteristic forest relationships in 20–25 years, and communities with multiple interweaving of root systems in 40–50 years.

Impact of plant species and intense nutrient loading on CH4 and N2O fluxes from small inland waters: An experimental approach

Severe eutrophication threatens freshwater systems around the world. The application of aquatic buffer zones with plants, for example around agricultural lands, can increase nutrient retention and thereby reduce nutrient loading to downstream systems. However, not much is known about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from these buffer zones and how they are affected by nutrient loading and the dominant plant species. Here, using a full-factorial mesocosm experiment with different nutrient loadings (20–4000 mg N and 1–200 mg P m-2 d-1) and plant types (e.g. submerged and free-floating species), we show that emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were strongly related to nutrient loading, leading to total greenhouse gas emissions up to 177.84 g CO2-eq m-2 d-1. Overall, total GHG emission (as the sum of CH4 ebullition and diffusive water-atmosphere emission of CH4 and N2O in CO2 equivalents) was not significantly affected by plant species. CH4 ebullition was significantly lower in experimental units with submerged plants that rooted in the sediment as compared to non-rooted plants, possibly related to rhizosphere CH4 oxidation fueled by radial oxygen loss or plant-mediated transport that limits the build-up of gaseous CH4 in the sediment. We conclude that aquatic buffer zones that experience intense nutrient loading (e.g. due to release of sewage or agricultural fertilizer) can be GHG emission hotspots and recommend careful consideration of environmental conditions (e.g. the organic carbon content), expected nutrient loadings, and alternatives, prior to their construction.

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS IKAN DI SUNGAI EMBALOH DESA BANUA UJUNG KECAMATAN EMBALOH HULU KABUPATEN KAPUAS HULU

The condition of Embaloh River is still well maintained, with clear water and a large variety of fishes. This is because the forest around Embaloh River is still dense; there is no deforestation, mining, and palm oil garden. In such a condition, the river is capable of maintaining a large variety of fishes that have not listed yet. Therefore, this research has the purpose of studying the variety of fishes in Embaloh River, and also to categorize the fishes based on their benefits, whether as decorative fishes, to be eaten, or even as a decorative fish and also to be eaten. The research was conducted on the Embaloh River, Banua Ujung Village, Embaloh Hulu District, Kapuas Hulu Regency. Research Data is obtained by the use of fishing equipment such as mesh, Bubu, Sauk, trawler, burst, and Talom. The method of research using the survey method, the selection of observation stations conducted with (purposive sampling) based on consideration of environmental conditions of the water. This location is made 3 (three) stations on the Embaloh River and 1 (one) station is on the lake (oxbow) called Lake Loane. Lake Loane is a stream of the Embaloh River Moreover, fish of species taken from Embaloh River and Loane Lake, which water from Embaloh River flows to, consist of several families of fish; Cobitidae (1 species), Cyprinidae (13 species), Elopidae (1 species), Grynocheilidae (1 species), Helostomatidae (1 species), Osphronemidae (2 species), Polynemidae (1 species), Pristolepididae (1 species), Sisoridae (1 species), and Syngnathidae (1 species).Keywords: Banua Ujung Village, Embaloh River, Fish Species Diversity, Loane Lake.

Multimodal neural network with clustering-based drop for estimating plant water stress

Decision-making with low-cost data is an attractive approach in the field of agriculture as it aids to solve the difficulty of inheriting advanced cultivation technologies. To provide expertise in the decision-making process for stress cultivation, precision irrigation based on plant water stress is required to steadily produce high-quality fruits. Single low-cost data namely, single-modal data, is used in the traditional approach. However, for advanced cultivation, multimodal data such as physiological and meteorological data is required. In this study, we propose a multimodal neural network with clustering-based drop (C-Drop) for accurate estimation of plant water stress, as it is an index for irrigation decision-making, using plant image and environmental data. Our proposed method extracts temporal multimodal features from leaf wilting features (physiological data) using environmental features (meteorological data) as an attention mechanism of a multimodal neural network that includes long short-term memory layers. Moreover, the proposed neural network with C-drop realizes a novel end-to-end deep learning architecture in consideration of environmental conditions. On evaluating this method against the existing methods, the proposed method was found to improve the accuracy of plant water stress estimation by 21% for mean absolute error and root-mean-squared error, thereby indicating that this method is precise and stable for the plant water stress estimation. The performance of our proposed method to support precision irrigation will allow new-age farmers to produce high-quality fruits steadily.

DETERMINATION OF WATER QUALITY IN PHYSIC AND CHEMICAL USE STORET INDEX AND POLLUTION INDEX IN COASTAL WATERS DUMAI RIAU PROVINCE

The condition of good water quality is essential to support the survival of organisms that live in it. Determination of the status of water quality needs to be done as a reference in monitoring the water quality pollution.The purpose of this study to analyze and determine the status of water quality physically and chemically in the coastal waters Dumai. The method used in this research is survey method was conducted in December 2018 - April 2019 in the Coastal Water Dumai in Riau province. Sampling sites physical and chemical parameters determined by purposive sampling. Based on consideration of environmental conditions and Dumai City Regulation No. 11 In 2002, it was determined sampling consisted of four stations, with each station there are 5 sampling points were used as replicates. Determining the status of water quality using storet index and the index of pollution. Water quality measurement results About Coastal Dumai use Storet index and the pollution index shows that the coastal waters of Dumai categorized as Heavy Polluted waters.

Effects of Hygrothermal Ageing on the Interphase, Fatigue, and Mechanical Properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy

Reliability and cost-effectiveness represent major challenges for the ongoing success of composites used in maritime applications. The development of large, load-bearing, and cyclically loaded structures, like rotor blades for wind or tidal energy turbines, requires consideration of environmental conditions in operation. In fact, the impact of moisture on composites cannot be neglected. As a result of difficult testing conditions, the knowledge concerning the influence of moisture on the fatigue life is limited. In this study, the impact of salt water on the fatigue behaviour of a glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) has been investigated experimentally. To overcome the problem of invalid failure during fatigue testing, an improved specimen geometry has been developed. The results show a significant decrease in fatigue life for saturated GFRP specimens. In contrast, a water absorption of 50% of the maximum content showed no impact. This is especially remarkable because static material properties immediately decrease with the onset of moisture absorption. To identify the water absorption induced damage progress, light and scanning electron microscopy was used. As a result, the formation of debondings and cracks in the fibre–matrix interphase was detected in long-term conditioned specimens, although no mechanical loading was applied.

Social Evolution and Environmental Context: Explanative Pluralism and Potentiality

We identify four common, but we argue fallacious, reasons social scientists object to theories that rely on environmental conditions to explain variation in the evolution of societies. First, some sociologists exclude environmental forces as beyond the domain of sociology. Second, environmental theories are often pejoratively labeled “determinist,” and rejected on those grounds. Third, environmental theories are regularly dismissed as being functionalist. Fourth, environmental theories are frequently charged with being Eurocentric and serving to justify colonialism and social inequalities. We argue that although there are examples of theories that fail in these regards, there is no inherent reason that environmental theories are more prone to these limitations and problems than are more sociologically “pure” theories. We argue that sociology should strive to be more transdisciplinary and can benefit from consideration of environmental conditions.

Cost-optimal spare parts inventory planning for wind energy systems

For safe and reliable machine operation, maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) activities are required. Spare parts demand forecasting and inventory planning, which is an important part of MRO activities, must be accurate to avoid costs because of surplus spare parts or machine downtimes. The restriction of reduced accessibility to wind turbines during the winter months also has to be taken into account when planning maintenance activities and spare part inventories for wind farms. The presented model provides the most economic stock quantity under given environmental conditions. It is based on the proportional hazards model, which is extended to calculate the remaining useful component life time and derive required spare parts inventory levels. The presented model is validated, using condition monitoring data and environmental data of an onshore wind farm. Comparison of the spare part inventory prediction to wind farm’s failure data proves the model’s accuracy. Parameter analyses show that the model can be applied for spare parts inventory planning under consideration of environmental conditions.

Phase‐field simulation of piezoresponse force microscopy in consideration of different environmental conditions

AbstractPiezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is a feasible tool which is widely used for investigating information of the domain structures of ferroelectrics. Nevertheless, one drawback of the technique may be that environmental conditions could effect the very small signal which is detected from the displacement of the tip. The present contribution addresses the simulation of PFM in consideration of environmental conditions. We employ a continuum‐mechanical model based on the phase‐field method which accounts for the transversely isotropic symmetry of the underlying material. The goal of this contribution is to analyze the environmental effect on the tip‐sample interaction. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

열전모듈을 이용한 자동차용 1 kW급 보조 냉난방 시스템의 성능에 관한 실험적 연구

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of supplemental cooling and heating system equippedwith the 1 kW thermoelectric module. The system consist of 96 thermoelectric modules, heat sink with louver fin and watercooling jacket which is attached on the hot side of the thermoelectric module. The cooling and heating performance testof the thermoelectric system is conducted with various conditions, such as intake voltage, air inlet temperature, air flowvolume, water inlet temperature and water flow rate at calorimeter chamber in consideration of environmental conditions in realistic vehicle drive. The experimental results of a thermoelectric system shows that the cooling capacity and COPis 1.03 kW, and 1.0, and heating capacity and COP is 1.53 kW, and 1.5 respectively. Key words Thermoelectric module(열전모듈), Coolant cooling(수냉식 냉각), Seebeak effect(제벡 효과), Louver fin(루버 핀), Coefficient of performance(성적계수)†Corresponding author, E-mail: dlee6@hvccglobal.com 기호설명

Site-Selection of Optimal Sites for Bird watching to Ecotourism and Hospitality Development in International Qurigol Wetland

The aim of this study is site-selection optimal sites for bird watching to ecotourism and hospitality development in The International Qurigol wetland. The International Qurigol wetland which is located in East Azerbaijan province, (Tabriz) Iran, as an international wetland has been recorded in the RAMSAR Convention on 1975. About 132 bird species, live, breed and overwinter in this wetland. Wetlands are the best and most important places of living and breeding birds. By using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods, GIS analysis by consideration of environmental conditions and different criteria, four optimal sites as the best and most appropriate place for construction Bird-sites in Qurigol wetland were selected. The spots is located in (N:37°55'17.44- E: 46°41'34.57), (N: 37°55'0.2 -E: 46°41'42.96), (N: 37°54'32.13- E: 46°41'52.63), (N:37°54'39- E: 46°42'13.08),(N: 37°54'57.13-E: 46°42'18.65). Planning and developing of Qurigol wetland ecotourism and hospitality with emphasis on bird watching, is a win - win cooperation and interaction between local community, Ecotourists and wetland ecosystems. The value of this research is that first time the done in this area and for international Qurigol wetland. The value of this research is for first time is done in this area and for international Qurigol wetland. There is no Brid watching site in wetland. This research can be a start for ecotourism and hospitality development studying before Implementation Phase.

The ‘Ability’ Paradigm in Vocational Rehabilitation: Challenges in an Ontario Injured Worker Retraining Program

In recent years, a focus on workers' ability, rather than impairment, has guided disability management services. However, a challenge with the notion of 'ability' is identification of the border between ability and inability. This article considers this gray zone of disability management in the case of a workers' compensation vocational retraining program for injured workers in Ontario. In-depth interviews and focus groups were conducted with a purposive sample of 71 participants who were directly involved with the vocational retraining process. Workers in the program had on average incurred injury 3 years earlier. Procedural and legal documents were also analyzed. Principles of grounded theory and discourse analysis guided the data gathering and analysis. A program focus on worker abilities did not allow for consideration of unresolved medical problems. Concepts such as maximum medical rehabilitation distracted attention from workers' ongoing chronic and unstable health situations, and incentive levers to employers directed some of the least capable workers into the program. As well, communication pathways for discussing health problems were limited by rules and provider reluctance to reveal problems. Therefore, workers completing the program were deemed 'employable', while ongoing and problematic health conditions preventing employment remained relatively uncharted and invisible. This study reinforces how the shift in disability management paradigm to a focus on ability and return to work requires consideration of environmental conditions, including policies and programs and implementation. A focus on the environment in which worker ability can be enacted might be as important as a focus on improving individual worker characteristics.

Improved food availability for food security in Asia-Pacific region.

Food security requires that all people can access sufficient food for a healthy life. Enough food is produced to feed the global population, but more than 1.02 billion people are malnourished. Malnutrition and chronic food insecurity are widespread in some countries of the Asia-Pacific region; as much as 20 to 60 percent of the region's population lacks sufficient food to meet their minimum energy requirement. Food security greatly depends on food availability, although this alone is not sufficient to secure satisfactory nutritional status. Food security at the national level requires an effective framework of food, health, and economic systems coupled with awareness and consideration of environmental conditions. To improve food availability and security in the short term, lower income countries should focus on increasing productivity in the food system to generate higher incomes for workers on-farm and off-farm in the food chain. Over the long term, sustainable and small-scale farming based on ecologically viable systems should be the emphasis for agricultural development. Nutrition and health sectors should help promote food-based approaches that lead to diversification of crops, balanced diets, and ultimately better health.

A Study on Different Incentive Preferences and Consideration of Environmental Conditions Depending on Investment Characteristics of Foreign Direct Investment in Korea

A Study on Different Incentive Preferences and Consideration of Environmental Conditions Depending on Investment Characteristics of Foreign Direct Investment in Korea