Emotional Considerations Research Articles

Cooperative recycling in São Paulo, Brazil: towards an emotional consideration of empowerment

This study, set in the context of a group of recycling cooperatives in the greater metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, is about the relationship between emotional geographies and notions of empowerment. Paying attention to the ways that emotional expressions of empowerment deconstruct and subvert oppressive relations of power, while simultaneously reproducing and obscuring these same oppressive hegemons, we ask: what emotions are collectively felt by those who ascribe to the movement? And more importantly, what do these collective emotions do? How do emotions align individuals with particular collective values, and how do these emotions work in relation to systems of domination? Due to the cooperatives' location within Brazilian hegemonic systems of social domination, we argue that viewing empowerment as an emotion ‘I feel empowered’ rather than something one is or one achieves ‘I am empowered’ offers the space to consider the necessarily paradoxical nature of empowerment.

Later Life Care Planning Conversations for Older Adults and Families

While most older adults have thought about their future care needs, few have discussed their preferences with family members. We interviewed older persons (24), adult children (24), health professionals (23), and representatives of stakeholder associations (3) to understand their views and experiences on later life care (LLC) planning conversations, in terms of (a) their respective roles, and (b) barriers and facilitators that should be taken into account when having these conversations. Roles described included that of information user (older persons), information seeker (family members), and information provider (health care providers). The study identified practical and emotional considerations relevant to LLC planning conversations. This study found strong support for planning for LLC before the need arises, as well as important potential benefits for older adults, family members, and health professionals. There is interest in, and need for, resources to guide families in LLC planning.

Emotion, succession, and the family firm: Josiah Wedgwood & Sons

We argue that both business history and social science studies of family firms often neglect the family qua family, in particular paying insufficient attention to the emotional elements of family as they affect family firms, separating out one from the other as distinctive variables, and treating each from a rationalising perspective. Adopting a microhistorical approach we use the case of succession at Josiah Wedgwood & Sons to argue that consideration of emotions and sensibilities provides new insight into behaviour at this world-famous firm.

Violence between parents and children: courts of law in early modern Finland

This article studies the attitudes and significance of violence between parents and children as they appear in court records of lower courts and Courts of Appeal in early modern Finland. The paper discusses four kinds of violence: 1) the deliberate killing of children by their parents, 2) neglect of children or their upbringing by the parents and 3) physical or verbal violence by the children towards their parents. These were categories of forbidden violence between parents and children. Fourthly, 4) this paper discusses instances when violence was considered legal and even accepted, the so-called disciplinary violence committed by parents against their children. The important concepts in talking about violence are codes of honour and social hierarchy, the emphasis placed on social order and peace in society. The importance of peace and order emerge particularly when discussing concealment and publicity, responsibility and guilt, as well as of hierarchy. Emotional considerations seem to have been extremely important in violence between parents and children.

The Research on the Application of Kansei Engineering in the Product Design

According to the related concepts and theory of Kansei Engineering (KE), this paper kansei analyzed the shape of household scales by using AHP (analytic hierarchy process), aiming to conclude the relation between emotional intention and design considerations, and sequentially to provide significant design basis and references for product development. Mathematical methods, such as statistics, were applied to this study, which provided a fresh idea for the early stage research of product design.

Family firms and the divestment decision: An agency perspective

This article examines how ownership, management and governance characteristics and the associated agency problems of family firms impact the divestment decision. Based on the divestment activity of 48 listed family firms in Belgium over a six-year period, I find an inverse U-shaped relationship between family ownership and divestment likelihood, supporting the alignment view at medium levels of family ownership but entrenchment at high ownership levels. In addition to ownership, the governance of the family firm also impacts the divestment decision. Divestiture likelihood is significantly lower when the family exerts its influence through the board of directors, consistent with the entrenchment view that they will use their influence to pursue non-economic goals. Founders, on the other hand, act as active monitors of the firm's activities and do not seem to be hindered by emotional considerations which result in more divestment activity as compared to other family firms.

Learning and Affective Responses in Location-Choice Dynamics

In this paper we discuss the development of a dynamic agent-based model which simulates how agents search and explore in nonstationary environments and ultimately develop habitual, context-dependent, activity–travel patterns. Conceptually, the creation of a choice set is context dependent. Individuals are assumed to have aspiration levels associated with location attributes that, in combination with evaluation results, determine whether the agent will start exploring or persist in habitual behavior. An awareness level of each location determines whether or not it is included in the awareness set in the next time step. An activation level of each location determines whether or not it is qualified as a habitual choice, and an evaluation (utility) function allows individuals to evaluate each location given current beliefs. By implementing choices, agents may observe the differences between actual experience and expectation, which may give rise to negative or positive emotions that influence the awareness of locations and the evaluation, and hence trigger choice change. Principles of reinforcement and Bayesian belief learning are used to simulate the dynamics. The result of these behavior mechanisms is the evolution of choice sets and choice patterns, reflecting emergent behavior in relation to nonstationary environments. We report the results of a case study, implemented in an agent-based microsimulation system, of dynamic decision making of avoiding higher uncertainty in location choice, distinguishing habitual, exploitation, and exploration modes of choice behavior. Simulations indicate that solutions generated by the model are sensitive to rational and emotional considerations in decision making in well-interpretable ways. The suggested approach is scalable in the sense that it is applicable to study areas of large size (eg, region wide).

Therapeutic community residency and emotional management of female drug users

PurposeThe current study focused on five female offenders who completed the only female‐specific therapeutic community (TC) for drug addiction in the UK prison system. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect that such residency had on individuals' emotional management skills compared to when they were active drug users.Design/methodology/approachThe study was based on a qualitative design, and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to produce idiographic results.FindingsResults suggested that before TC residency all participants displayed problematic emotional management skills. However, during TC residency individuals witnessed elements of emotional healing and increased emotion connection. Additionally improvements were noted in emotional consideration, emotional communication, outward emotional displays and self‐worth.Originality/valueFurther developments in TC treatment are suggested concerning treatment length and further development of individuals' independent emotional management strategies.

Emotional Geographies of Development

Hope, despair, fear, hate, joy, desire and anger; the social scienceshave increasingly recognised the role of emotions in shaping society, and in defining and transforming people and place. Such concerns have clear implications for the study of development. Emotions help create development subjects and define subjectivities. They are imbricated in the production of exclusions and colonialisms yet they can also empower resistance and progressive change. In short, they are intimately bound up with the way development functions in all its messiness. In this paper I begin to explore the generative role of emotions in the discourses and practices of development. I draw on empirical work with land reform participants in the Philippines to consider the ways emotions are central to participants' experiences. Emotions inform how the land tillers act and react, and how they understand the past, present and future. I find that consideration of emotions, and indeed of all that is beyond-the-rational, is imperative if we are to move beyond development's modernist roots towards more postcolonial understandings.

Climates of anxiety: Comparing experience of glacier retreat across three mountain regions

This paper explores the role of emotion in understanding why repeated and increasingly urgent warnings about the effects of global warming have failed to motivate significant actions to address it. It draws on a comparative anthropological study on perceptions of and responses to glacier retreat in communities in three glaciated mountain regions: the Cordillera Blanca in the Peruvian Andes, the South Tirol in the Italian Alps, and the North Cascades in the U.S. The massive retreat of mountain glaciers during the last half-century is one of the most visible and high confidence level indicators of global warming. Although glacier retreat is well documented scientifically in each of these regions, our study found that the level of concern about it varied widely between the three study sites. The paper begins with an explanation of the ecological model of emotion we are using and a consideration of emotions associated with glaciers historically. Next it describes the three study sites and the ways that residents of each site feel about the loss of glaciers and its effects. Finally, it draws on this comparative perspective and recent research from several social science disciplines on the role of emotion in human beliefs and behaviors to suggest ways that emotion can help explain the observed variation. The paper concludes by extending these suggestions to responses to climate change more generally.

Indonesia. Five centuries of Indonesian textiles: The Mary Hunt Kahlenberg collection. Edited by Ruth Barnes and Mary Hunt Kahlenberg. Prestel: DelMonico Books, 2010. Pp. 408. 300 Colour Plates, Maps, Bibliography, Index.

Five centuries of Indonesian textiles: The Mary Hunt Kahlenberg collection Edited by RUTH BARNES and MARY HUNT KAHLENBERG Prestel: DelMonico Books, 2010. Pp. 408. 300 Colour Plates, Maps, Bibliography, Index. With its ambitious title, Five centuries of Indonesian textiles, a heavy volume (3.7 kilogrammes), edited by Mary Hunt Kahlenberg and Ruth Barnes, portrays some exquisite textiles of the Kahlenberg collection. Complete with a glossary and an index (which is not necessarily the case in textile books) and richly decorated, the volume is divided into seven geographical areas, some of which earned an essay: Java (Rens Heringa), Bali (Marie-Louise Nabholz-Kartaschoff), Borneo (Traude Gavin), Nusa Tenggara (Roy Hamilton) and the Moluccas (Toos van Dijk). In a long opening note Mary Hunt Kahlenberg, a former museum curator (Textile Museum in Washington, DC, Los Angeles County Museum of Arts) and later owner of a fine gallery in Santa Fe, reflects on her passionate endeavour in collecting hundreds of pieces over three decades directly in the field or through intermediaries. The last 10 years were more specifically dedicated to the search for 'old' and 'rare textiles' (p. 12), some having since been dated as far back as the fifteenth century. Discussing the position of the collector in the field, weighing emotional, aesthetic and economic considerations, she touches upon the problem of the compensatory and 'reasonable offer' (p. 13) for the 'Other'. Not only are the physical characteristics of a cloth, like techniques, colours and patterns analysed, but also their intangible aspects: first the power contained in handwoven cloths, which an outsider does not feel, and, second, the anonymity of a textile. While old textiles 'belong to the ancestors', more recent production stayed anonymous only because collectors and dealers did not inquire about the allegedly 'anonymous Other(s)' who created or designed meaningful patterns, or dyed and wove the cloths. Fortunately, this trend is being reversed. In her introduction to the volume Ruth Barnes (Senior Curator, Yale University Art Gallery) outlines the history of the weaving traditions in Indonesia through the migration routes of Austronesians who brought their weaving techniques to the archipelago, a view backed through linguistic evidence (p. 28). She traces the main lines of the history and development of textile research in Indonesia throughout the twentieth century. Her significant essay on 'Early Indonesian textiles' reveals how scientific dating has revolutionised textile research, which until recently had to rely on epigraphic evidence or stylistic comparison so that dates advanced for a piece often had to stay speculative. The carbon-14 method brought stunning results for some cloths in the Kahlenberg collection, dating them to the fifteenth to sixteenth centuries. Surprisingly enough, most of these are of exquisite quality with elaborate designs and in superb condition. Barnes remembers that until then one 'was thought foolish to entertain dates earlier than the nineteenth century' (p. 35) for a piece kept in a tropical climate. Yet she warns that radiocarbon dating can only give approximate dates covering decades and cannot be the sole criterion in analysing and tracing back a woven cloth; therefore historical, technological and anthropological data are still highly relevant (p. 44). The reader should not feel compelled to read the core of the book in a chronological order. It consists of some 100 large plates with blown up details, corresponding to seven geographical areas. …

Micro-enterprise Owners’ Loyalty Towards Their Favourite Bank: A Conceptual Framework

A loyal customer costs less to retain than acquiring a new customer. Loyal customers stick to the same service provider for a longer time period. Thus, the ultimate aim of the management of any organisation must be to create an emotional bonding with the customerto a level of much more than business considerations, to be able to sustain the loyalty for a long period of time. A number of service providers are available for any organisation for anything it requires, particularly in banking and financial institutions. The choice of the micro-enterprise as banks business client is influenced by a number of factors such as Service Quality, Reputation and Relationship with a brand or an organisation. Apart from that, there are a number of other factors which can affect the choice of a service provider such as factors based on emotional considerations particularly cultural elements. This paper integrates previous research in the field of customer loyalty to present a conceptual framework of micro-enterprises owners’ loyalty and its underlying drivers. Implication for the future research directions is also presented.

Retrospective accounts of injection initiation in intimate partnerships

BackgroundThe influence of family members, peers and sexual partners on initiation to injection drug use is well established. Furthermore, research on gender differences in injection initiation has recognized the increased vulnerability of women, in particular, to injection-related health risks, and the gendered nature of the injection initiation experience. Yet more research is needed on the interpersonal and structural dynamics that shape injection initiation within intimate partnerships. MethodsThis paper draws on narrative data from semi-structured ethnographic interviews with 25, relatively stable, drug-using couples from two New York City neighbourhoods. The study was conducted between 2007 and 2009. Our analyses focus on retrospective accounts of injection initiation from IDUs who were initiated to injection (or initiated their partners) in current or former intimate partnerships. In particular we analyse narratives of injection initiation events where both partners participated as initiates or initiators. ResultsTransition to injection within intimate partnerships was common, especially for women, and occurred in specific contexts. Structural and interpersonal dynamics, including the ubiquity of drugs in poor communities and the gendered nature of drug acquisition and use strategies, as well as the problem of increased drug tolerance, situational impediments to drug access, and the perceived cost–benefit of injecting, all influenced the process of initiation to injection drug use within couples. The data also suggest that, even when risks associated with injection initiation were understood, both pragmatic and emotional considerations within relationships tended to offset concerns about potential dangers. ConclusionThe findings suggest the need for a broad range of interventions (including couples-focussed interventions) to minimize rates of injection initiation within intimate partnerships.

PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA BERBASIS-MASALAH YANG MENGHADIRKAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL

Problem-based learning in the context of mathematics learning is a math learning strategies in the classroom with activities solve mathematical problems so that students can construct mathematical knowledge by himself. In connection with the efforts to achieve the learning objectives of mathematics through problem-based learning, of course, requires students to use the potential optimally. Meanwhile, to create mathematical learning process with the use of students' potential optimally, then the emotional intelligence of the students need to be a concern. Emotional considerations in mathematics learning in particular may be a bit much help in receiving math, in the middle of contention that still believed by most students, that math is a difficult subject. Thus, the presence of emotional intelligence can be seen as aspects to consider, it can even be used as the basis for follow-problem-based learning process well so that the achievement of mathematics learning in their entirety.

El doble procesamiento paralelo en situación de crisis: fundamentación motivacional

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un modelo cognitivo-conductual que permite explicar la situación de crisis (SC) en términos de intensa afectación motivacional, y sustentar a partir de ahí una propuesta de Intervención Motivacional Breve (IMB) en SC. La SC se conceptualiza como un momento de estrés severo, acompañado de una profunda alteración en las motivaciones sustanciales de la persona, con predominancia de motivaciones de escape y de evitación generadas por el dolor emocional producido; dicho estado exige a la persona la implementación de estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en el manejo del daño objetivo, así como en la búsqueda del alivio emocional, consideración que da origen a la denominación “Doble Procesamiento Paralelo en SC” (DPP-SC). La intervenció breve se entiende como la afectació de los procesos motivacionales para facilitar que la persona adopte decisiones de afrontamiento, emocional e instrumental, que la coloquen en direcció al alivio emocional o a la solució de la crisis. Se concluye con una sítesis acerca de las tres fuentes fundamentales que se toman de la literatura psicolóica para inspirar el diseñ del DPP-SC: El doble procesamiento paralelo extendido, la teorí cognitiva sobre el estré y el afrontamiento y la formulació por niveles en terapia cognitiva.

Memorial Mania: Public Feeling in America by Erika Doss (review)

Reviewed by: Memorial Mania: Public Feeling in America by Erika Doss Elizabeth Hoffman Ransford Memorial Mania: Public Feeling in America. By Erika Doss. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2010. In Memorial Mania, an encompassing survey of modern memorializing in the United States, Erika Doss wonders why contemporary Americans create memorials, and why so many of them. Doss contends that the spur toward the modern proliferation of memorials can be explained by “memorial mania,” an obsession with memory and history that promotes an urgent need to claim these issues in visible, public ways. For Doss, what distinguishes modern memorial making from past impulses toward memorializing is the elevated place of emotion in contemporary American society: memorials become “archives of public affect . . . repositories of feeling and emotion” (13). The structure of the book is therefore governed by different affective themes; chapters focus on grief, which centers on memorials to the Columbine tragedy and other temporary memorials, including roadside shrines and teddy bear piles; fear, [End Page 187] looking at the proliferation of terrorism memorials, both before and after 9/11; and gratitude, which centers on the hulking and graceless World War II memorial on the Mall in Washingon D.C. The last two chapters examine newer types of memorials that are inspired by the affective states of shame and anger. Lynching memorials occupy the bulk of her analysis of shame, while the chapter on anger focuses on memorials that express contestations of American identity, particularly in the case of Native American historical revisionism. For Doss, the current desire to create memorials in the United States is motivated by continuing struggles over identity and political representation in an increasingly divided nation. She sees a shift from past memorials that embodied unified narratives of a celebratory, masculine national history to a more fragmented memorial landscape that commemorates individual memories or personal grievances, tragedy and trauma, and the social and political agendas of interest groups made up of “rights bearing citizens.” As Doss portrays it, the frenzy to memorialize is driven by anxiety over the division and claiming of rights in an increasingly individualized public sphere. Public art becomes an arena of struggle over cultural, social, and economic authority. The argument that memorials and monuments express contests over authority is not new, but Doss calls upon an impressive range of sources to assemble an exhaustive catalog of modern memorials. She provides detailed and sometimes eye-opening descriptions of both the cultural and political processes that bring memorials into existence, and supplements this discussion with ample photographic illustration. In interpreting the meaning of memorials, Doss draws from a wide array of theoretical models, most notably models that consider emotion and public feeling. While the consideration of emotion raises intriguing paths for inquiry, Doss is at her most successful in showcasing the political and cultural influences that shape modern memorial making. The “key tropes of modern cultural consciousness” that she identifies in modern memorials—irony, contradiction and conflict, victims as heroes—also dominate mass media and entertainment culture; in this sense, modern memorials are inextricable from the media narratives that breed them. Such impulses are most evident in her discussion of memorials at Columbine and the World Trade Center. Furthermore, by stressing the centrality of “rights” speech and demands for respect that are often articulated in the memorial process, Doss calls attention to the increasing importance of the individual and of individual rights in contemporary rhetoric about the body politic—a far cry from the assumptions of unified national purpose that motivated memorials in the nineteenth century. Doss’s comprehensive narrative of the evolution of memorial and monument making helps situate her current examples in a historical context. The analysis of the post-World War II frustration with figurative monuments is particularly fascinating; post-war feelings about the futility of the image in the wake of unimaginable catastrophe help explain the hiatus in formal memorial building that occurred in the 1950’s, when the great majority of war memorials were “living” memorials: parks, highways, stadiums. In the end, however, Doss’s thoroughness in tracing the genesis of the trends she reviews has the tendency to undercut her contentions about the unique nature of modern memorializing. Instead, the...

Psychological Profiles of Individuals Seeking Ordination in the Episcopal or Presbyterian (PCUSA) Churches: Comparisons and Contrasts

The present study examined the psychological profiles of 138 candidates for ordained ministry from the Episcopal (n = 90) and Presbyterian Church (USA) (n = 48). Employing scales scores from the MMPI-2, MCMI-III, and 16PF-5, we used a series of one-way ANOVAs to test for differences between genders, denominations, and (for Episcopalians) ordination type and completion versus non-completion of the ordination process. Our results suggest that, consistent with the literature, these future clergy were generally well-adjusted and socially skilled. Denominational differences in our sample were virtually non-existent. While similar on most dimensions, female candidates may appraise their circumstances and relationships with a greater emphasis on emotional considerations than their male counterparts. Differences between Episcopal candidates for the Priesthood and the Deaconate were consistent with differences in their respective leadership and support roles. Finally, discriminant function analysis indicated that candidates who completed their ordination appeared to have a more realistic and positive attitude toward the process as well as a more deferential and less independent orientation than those who did not.

Compassionate extubation in children at hospice and home

At Leeds Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), whenever possible, patients are offered the opportunity to have mechanical ventilation withdrawn at a children's hospice or in the home. The aims of this study were to examine the views of the PICU staff regarding this choice, to understand their emotional and practical considerations, and to gain insight into the perceived effect on parents. An anonymous open-ended questionnaire and a focus group session invited comments from the multidisciplinary staff on the palliative care service, the options for the child to die outside the PICU, and the practical and emotional effects on themselves and the parents. Several major themes were identified: providing an appropriate environment for death in the PICU itself, parental choice, practical issues of transferring a dying child, emotional issues, service organization, and feedback from families. Overall, the staff thought that parents benefit from the choices offered. The PICU seems to fit neither the 'consultative model' nor the 'integrative model' of previous literature, but rather a 'facilitative model' not previously described.

The Effects of Videoconferenced Distance-Learning Instruction in a Taiwanese Company

Distance learning, where instruction is given to students despite wide separations of students and teachers, is increasingly popular. Videoconferencing, which is examined in this study, is a distance learning mode of featuring real-time interaction of students and teachers and provides sequence, real-time, vision, and actual interaction. This study focuses on learning achievement compared to that of face-to-face instruction at one fixed location. It investigates the interrelation of learning achievement, gender, emotional intelligence, and motivation. Statistical techniques are used to analyze and evaluate the data. The subjects were divided into a target group and control group. The findings were that learning achievement was similar for videoconferencing and traditional face-to-face instruction. It showed a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and learning achievement. An implication is that a judicious embedding of emotional intelligence consideration in the design and implementation of videoconferencing courses might enhance learning achievement.

LED 광색의 삼속성에 따른 피로도와 선호도 분석

Light emitting diode(LED) technology has been increasingly developed and larger color gamut by LED illuminations can be reproduced; therefore more efficient LED lighting design can be accomplished under a consideration of color emotion. Fifty-two LED colors which are uniformly distributed on the uniform chromaticity space are evaluated in terms of fatigueness and preference and their relation to three color-appearance attributes(lightness, chroma and hue) are investigated. As a result, 23 human observers likely to prefer and feel comfortable, when lightness of a given LED color stimulus increases as well as its chroma decreases. The highest fatigueness score is observed in red color series and the most preferred LED color is found in green color series. In addition, fatigueness and preference show a strong negative linear relation and their Pearson correlation is higher than -0.8.