Conservancy Research Articles

Mycobiota of the planned protected area Nyuk Lake (Republic of Karelia, Russia)

The article reports the results of macrofungi surveys in the planned protected area Lake Nyuk (pPA), situated in the north-west of the Republic of Karelia. The forests there are primarily north-boreal pine stands with pine trees aged 170—250 years at maximum. As of now, records from the pPA include 183 species of 114 genera of aphyllophoroid and agaricoid fungi. The annotation for each species specifies their habitats and occurrence. Seven species are reported for the biogeographical province Karelia pomorica occidentalis for the first time; of which two species, Hydnellum gracilipes and Tubulicrinis medius, are first records for the Republic of Karelia. The territory was found to harbor nine fungal species (Anthoporia albobrunnea, Diplomitoporus crustulinus, Flavidoporia mellita, Gloeophyllum protractum, Resinoporia crassa, Rhodonia placenta, Sidera lenis, Skeletocutis sajanensis, S. stellae) red-listed in the Republic of Karelia (2020). Locations of 13 indicator species and 16 specialist species of biologically valuable forests are known within the pPA. The findings are validated by the herbarium specimens stored at the Karelian Research Centre RAS Herbarium (PTZ) and Botanical Museum of the University of Helsinki (H). The rationale for establishing a nature conservation area in the territory is provided.

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG DI TAMAN HUTAN RAYA PANCORAN MAS – DEPOK

Species richness of birds was influenced by vegetation structure, canopy cover, and the ability of the land to support bird life. Data on bird species diversity is needed as a basis for management planning in the area. As a Conservation area and life support area, the Pancoran Mas Great Forest Park (Taman Hutan Raya) must be supported by various scientific data and information for management purposes. One is the richness of bird species found in the Tahura Pancoran Mas area. This research aims to identify and inventory bird diversity and determine the composition of their habitat vegetation. This activity will be carried out in June - August 2022. Bird data collection uses the transect route method, while habitat data uses the census method. The birds found consisted of 13 species of birds. The diversity index value is 2.178 (medium) and the evenness index is 0.98 (stable). The species of birds identified are insect and fruit eaters, there is only 1 type that eats fish. There are 86 species of trees, with the dominance of each phase being fruit producers. Trees function as providers of food for birds in the form of fruit, insects, and seeds

Trade-Off and Synergy Relationships and Driving Factor Analysis of Ecosystem Services in the Hexi Region

The Hexi region, located in a sensitive and fragile ecological zone in northwest China, requires a scientific assessment of ecosystem services and their interactions. Identifying the main factors influencing spatial distribution is crucial for the sustainable development and effective management of the region. This study evaluates key ecosystem services, including regulating services (water conservation, soil conservation, carbon storage) and provisioning services (NPP), using Spearman’s correlation and pixel-by-pixel spatial analysis to calculate spatial trade-offs and synergies. Geographic detectors were used to uncover the underlying driving mechanisms. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, soil conservation, NPP, and carbon storage showed fluctuating growth, while water conservation declined. Spatially, high-value areas of water conservation, carbon storage, and NPP were concentrated in the central and southern areas, while high values of soil conservation services were mainly in the northwest and southeast regions. (2) The trade-offs and synergies among various ecosystem services exhibit temporal shifts, along with spatial scale effects and heterogeneity. In the study area, the proportion of pixels showing a trade-off relationship between water conservation and soil conservation, and between water conservation and NPP, accounts for 48.21% and 21.42%, respectively. These trade-offs are mainly concentrated in the central and southeastern regions, while the northwestern counties predominantly exhibit synergies. (3) Precipitation was the dominant factor for water conservation, carbon storage, and NPP, as well as for the trade-offs among these services. Among natural factors, climatic factors were significantly more influential than socio-economic factors, and the interaction between two factors had a greater explanatory power than single factors.

Integration of Local Potential of Way Kambas National Park in Developing HOTS-Based Assessment Content in Biological Conservation Courses

The assessment of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) based on local potential has not been widely used in biological conservation education. Assessments like this aim to encourage students to think critically, analytically, and creatively, as well as familiarize students with solving problems in real contexts, especially in the conservation area of Way Kambas National Park (WKNP) in Lampung. This study aims to identify the local potential of WKNP conservation areas that have the potential to be integrated with the development of HOTS-based assessments in the Biological Conservation Course. The method used in this study is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Interviews were conducted with 6 informants. Triangulation techniques and data interpretation then analyzed the data obtained. The results of this study show that there is a lot of local potential in WKNP conservation area that has the potential to be integrated into the assessment content on 7 biological conservation materials that can be made HOTS-based assessments to hone students' high-level thinking skills.

Spatial distribution of sandeel (Hyperoplus lanceolatus) and implications for monitoring marine protected sites

Increased human demand on the marine environment and associated biodiversity threatens sustainable delivery of ecosystem goods and services, particularly for shallow shelf-sea habitats. As a result, more attention is being paid to quantifying the geographical range and distribution of seabed habitats and keystone species vulnerable to human pressures. In this study, we develop a workflow based on unsupervised K-Means classification units and Generalized Linear Models built from multi-frequency backscatter analyses (95, 300 kHz), bathymetry and bathymetry derivatives (slope) to predict different levels of sandeel densities in Hempton's Turbot Bank Special Area of Conservation (SAC). For Hyperoplus lanceolatus densities, the performance of single frequency verses multi-frequency models is compared. Relatively high agreement between K-Means clustering outputs (from 95 kHz and multi-frequency models) and ground-truthed sandeel densities is noted. Moreover, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values in this instance demonstrate that single-frequency models are favoured over the multi-frequency model in terms of predictive ability. This is mostly linked to the species strong affinity for sedimentary environments whose variability is better captured by the lower frequency system. Generally, these results provide important information about species-habitat relationships and pinpoint bedform features where sandeels are likely to be found and whose variability is potentially linked to the bathymetry domain. The workflow developed in this study also provides a proof of concept to support the design of a robust species-specific monitoring plan in marine protected areas. Most importantly, we highlight how decisions made during sampling, data handling, analysis could impact the final outputs and interpretation of Species Distribution Models and benthic habitat mapping.

Integrating aquatic species, assemblage, and habitat climate change vulnerabilities into a watershed-scale decision support framework

Climate change is increasingly recognized as a serious threat to ecological systems, particularly freshwater systems. As a result, climate adaptation planning is more common in natural resource management. Because conservation resources are limited, decision support tools can help managers prioritize actions. We created the Species and Habitat-based Ecological Decision Support tool (wtrSHEDS) for conservation managers by integrating two distinct indices: one biologically based on aquatic watershed-scale species assemblages and the other a habitat climate change vulnerability index. To do this, we evaluated 60 crayfish and fish species in West Virginia, USA, using the NatureServe Climate Change Vulnerability Index under an A1B emissions scenario. The species vulnerability assessment results indicated that most species we assessed are vulnerable to climate change. Four species of fish and two species of crayfish had extremely high vulnerability due to their dependence on a specific hydrological cycle, sensitivity to barriers, and reproductive dependence on a thermal niche. Aggregating species at the watershed scale (8-digit hydrological unit code [HUC]) using an adapted weighted sum indicated which assemblages were the most and least vulnerable to climate change. Secondly, we created a unique habitat vulnerability index using the established Northeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies habitat vulnerability index and an index of land cover vulnerability from the Forecast Scenario model’s land cover change projections under the A1B emissions scenario to incorporate potential synergistic impacts of land use. Land cover projections were reclassified based on the assumption that developed land would have a higher potential to interact with climate change than forested lands synergistically. We combined the two habitat indices at the watershed scale (HUC 8) and performed a Hot Spot Analysis to 1) combine the assemblage and habitat vulnerability indices and 2) identify watersheds of conservation priority. This assessment methodology illustrates a means of identifying priority conservation areas in West Virginia that utilize pre-existing data, can be modified to suit management needs, and, therefore, one that managers across regions can readily apply to their system.

A study on the response of waterbird diversity to habitat changes caused by ecological engineering construction

Wetland degradation is a major factor in the decline of biodiversity. Ecological engineering construction efforts, such as water diversion, have been the main method of wetland restoration. To reveal the effects of biodiversity conservation and ecological engineering construction in the semiarid regions of China, waterbird surveys were carried out 2 years before and 8 years after the construction of the ecological engineering project discussed in this study. The relationships among waterbirds and habitat landscape patterns, hydrology and vegetation conditions were analyzed. The impacts of ecological engineering on habitats and waterbird diversity were revealed. The results showed that (1) there were significant changes in land use, hydrological distributions and vegetation cover in the study area before and after the construction of the ecological project. The quality of waterbird habitats after the construction project was better than that before construction. However, there were fluctuating conditions. (2) The areas of water bodies and marshes were positively correlated with the number and diversity of waterbirds. However, increases in arable land, forestland, grassland and saline land can stress rare waterbirds. Changes in water levels, water body areas and vegetation cover in the conservation area all directly affect the availability of waterbird habitats, which can affect waterbird diversity. The wetland water level is the most important impact factor. (3) The annual water diversion volume in the study area is 5.00 × 107 m3. When the water level is maintained at approximately 1.5-2.5m, the number of waterbirds remains stable. This study can provide scientific guidance and a methodological basis for the construction of ecological projects with waterbirds as protected targets.

Connecting the dots: Applying multispecies connectivity in marine park network planning

Marine ecosystems are highly dynamic, and their connectivity is affected by a complex range of biological, spatial, and oceanographic factors. Incorporating connectivity as a factor in the planning and management of marine protected areas (MPAs) is important yet challenging. Here, we implemented a novel integrative framework that uses intraspecific genetic and genomic data for multiple marine species to characterise connectivity across a recently established South Australian MPA network. We generated connectivity networks, estimated cross-species concordance of connectivity patterns, and tested the impact of key spatial and oceanographic factors on each species. Connectivity patterns varied markedly among species, but were most correlated among those with similar dispersal strategies. Ordination analyses revealed significant associations with both waterway distances and oceanographic advection models. Notably, waterway distances provided better predictive power in all-species combined analyses. We extended the practical relevance of our findings by employing spatial prioritisation with Marxan, using node values derived from both genetic and geographic connectivity networks. This allowed the identification of several priority areas for conservation, and substantiated the initial decision to employ spatial distance as a proxy for biological connectivity for the design of the South Australian marine park network. Our study establishes a baseline for connectivity monitoring in South Australian MPAs, and provides guidelines for adapting this framework to protected networks elsewhere in the world.

Global conservation priorities of coastal habitats towards extreme sea level rise risks

Approximately 70% of the world's largest megacities (>10 million people) are within 60 km of the coast, contributing to 50% of the world's GDP. Sea level rise will intensify coastal flood threats, making cities without sufficient habitat protection even more vulnerable. However, there is currently a lack of thorough evaluation at the global scale about conservation priorities based on the current habitat cover and the high sea level rise in order to adapt coastal flood risks. Here we assessed the disparity among habitat coverage, exposed population and extreme sea level rise to identify priority areas for future coastal conservation. These priority areas are characterized by a large population residing in low-elevation coastal zones (LECZs), high extreme sea levels (ESLs), and insufficient habitat coverages. In many highly populated countries like China and India, the flooding risk has been underestimated due to insufficient adaptation based on natural processes from coastal habitats. These highly populated countries are especially concerning because they have comparatively less vegetation protection capability and are subjected to high ESLs. Globally, Asian and European nations, such as China, Japan, Bangladesh, Viet Nam, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Germany, have the highest potential for mitigating coastal risks through natural habitat conservation and restoration. We found that the main contributors to variations in the extreme sea level rise risks are not due to exposure headcounts (6%), but due to inadequate habitat cover (42%), which can be improved through targeted conservation and restoration. Our research identified the global priorities for managing climate resilience that most urgently require ecosystem conservation and restoration in order to prepare for the risks of coastal flooding.

Quantifying the Potential of the Tropical Dry Region of the Gulf of Mexico to Provide Tree Species with Traditional Uses for Forest-Reliant Communities

The tropical dry regions in the Neotropics are under intense anthropogenic pressures, resulting in changes for local communities related with their life patterns, wellbeing, and their relationship with ecosystems. The region has a history of human occupation that has shaped the traditional use of resources. We evaluated the richness, redundancy, and divergence of traditional uses of tree species present in vegetation patches of the tropical dry region of the Gulf of Mexico using functional diversity indices. The most used species are Acacia cochliacantha, Cedrela odorata, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Gliricidia sepium, and Guazuma ulmifolia, and the uses with the broadest distributions across the region are firewood and pasture management, while reforestation is the least common use. While distance to the nearest patch of the closest human settlement is the most predictive variable associated with inhabitants’ different uses or recognitions of the value of different plant species, the most recognized and valued species are widely distributed in Mexico. Even when the forest cover is greatly reduced, the inhabitants recognize numerous uses that can be obtained from the vegetation patches. The approach used in this work provides important baseline information, as well as a methodology that facilitates the identification of priority areas for conservation.

Trends in habitat quality and habitat degradation in terrestrial protected areas.

Protected areas are typically considered a cornerstone of conservation programs and play a fundamental role in protecting natural areas and biodiversity. Human-driven land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes lead to habitat loss and biodiversity loss inside protected areas, impairing their effectiveness. However, the global dynamics of habitat quality and habitat degradation in protected areas remain unclear. We used the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model based on global annual remotely sensed data to examine the spatial and temporal trends in habitat quality and degradation in global terrestrial protected areas. Habitat quality represented the ability of habitats to provide suitable conditions for the persistence of individuals and populations, and habitat degradation represented the impacts on habitats from human-driven LULC changes in the surrounding landscape. Based on a linear mixed-effects modeling method, we also explored the relationship between habitat degradation trends and protected area characteristics, biophysical factors, and socioeconomic factors. Habitat quality declined by 0.005 (0.6%) and habitat degradation increased by 0.002 (11%) from 1992 to 2020 globally, and similar trends occurred even in remote or restrictively managed protected areas. Habitat degradation was attributed primarily to nonirrigated cropland (62%) and urbanization (27%) in 2020. Increases in elevation, gross domestic production per capita, and human population density and decreases in agricultural suitability were associated with accelerated habitat degradation. Our results suggest that human-induced LULC changes have expanded from already-exploited areas into relatively undisturbed areas, and that in wealthy countries in particular, degradation is related to rapid urbanization and increasing demand for agricultural products.

Valuasi Ekonomi Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon

The integrated development of tourism is done through cross-sectoral coordination so that the development can make a huge stride. The goals of this study are to estimate the economic valuations to measure the ability/willingness to pay of visitors; to analyze the prospects of fisheries resources management in Ujung Kulon National Park; and to formulate marine tourism model of Ujung Kulon National Park. This study was conducted on the 1.619,68 Ha area of utilization zones in Ujung Kulon National Park, covering 1.518,91 Ha land area and 100,77 Ha of water area. The used study method was survey method which was quantitative and qualitative along with questionnaires as the instrument. Purposive sampling method was applied to collect data. Data analysis used was economic surplus and willingness to pay. The result obtained was the demand of marine recreation at utilization zones in Ujung Kulon National Park was determined by cost of travel, length of visit and education. The total value of Willingness to Pay in one year was Rp 512.898.500,00. The mentioned value was the projected value of willingness and ability of people to pay for conservation area of the marine protected area and marine tourism in Ujung Kulon. The goals of marine tourism that had been enacted by people was then coordinated with central government. The process of marine tourism development was expected to be able to positively improve other regional development. The outcome of the study was hoped to provide improvement on marine tourism management at Ujung Kulon National Park Keywords: tourism, marine, Ujung Kulon National Park

Thermal shock protection with scalable heat-absorbing aerogels

Improving thermal insulation is vital for addressing thermal protection and energy efficiency challenges. Though silica aerogel has a record-low thermal conductivity at ambient pressure, its high production cost, due to its nanoscale porous structure, has hindered its widespread use. In this study, we introduce a cost-effective and mild method that enhances insulation by incorporating phase change materials (PCMs) into a micron-porous framework. With a thermal conductivity at 0.041 W m−1K−1 on par with conventional insulation materials, this PCMs aerogel presents additional advantages for thermal protection from transient high-temperature loads by effectively delaying heat propagation through heat absorption. Moreover, the PCMs aerogel remains stable under cyclic deformation and heating up to 300 °C and is self-extinguishing in the presence of fire. Our approach offers a promising alternative for affordable insulation materials with potential wide applications in thermal protection and energy conservation areas.

Water Quality and Vegetation Health in Urban Conservation Areas: A Case Study of Paragem Municipal Natural Park

The Paragem Municipal Natural Park (PMNP), an integral protection conservation unit, plays a crucial role in the conservation and recovery of ecosystems located in the city of Dourados/MS. Located in an urban area, it faces challenges related to human influence, which can affect its terrestrial and aquatic communities. This study aimed to analyze the vegetation index and diagnose the water quality of a tributary of the Paragem stream located within the PMNP. The research involved examining the Green Leaf Index, physical-chemical and microbiological parameters of the water, as well as ecotoxicological tests covering three trophic levels. In addition, the genotoxic effect of the water on a piscean model was investigated. The results revealed low vegetation cover and degradation of the park’s water quality, evidenced by microbial contamination, toxicity to primary producers, and genetic damage to fish. Therefore, these results indicate the need for monitoring and environmental education measures, ecological restoration, and water resource recovery and conservation management in the PMNP to favor the recovery and conservation of its environmental resources.

Identification of priority conservation areas in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei using multi-scenario trade-offs based on different spatial scales and their drivers

Identifying priority conservation areas (PCAs) on the basis of ecosystem services (ESs) trade-offs is a crucial step in achieving optimal ecosystem management in the BTH, noting the complex spatio-temporal and scaling effects inherent in these ecosystems. A cross-scale quantification of spatial and temporal changes in ecosystem services and their correlations was conducted in the BTH. Furthermore, the Ordered Weighting Algorithm (OWA) was introduced to simulate a variety of scenarios in order to determine the PCAs and to explore the drivers of ES in the PCAs. The results indicated that Food supply (FS), Water yield (WY), and Soil retention (SR) in the BTH increased by 16.4 × 104t/hm2, 81.81 mm, and 37081.29 t/hm2, respectively. In contrast, Carbon storage (CS) and Habit quality (HQ) exhibited a decrease of 0.01 t/hm2 and 0.03. Spatially, the high-value areas of ESs at the county scale exhibited greater clustering. At the county scale, there were two trade-offs and eight synergies in 2000, and four trade-offs and six synergies by 2020. In contrast, at the raster scale, there were two trade-offs and eight synergies from 2000 to 2020. The mechanisms of change were similar and exhibited spatial heterogeneity. Scenario 6 represents the optimal priority conservation area, exhibiting the most balanced conservation efficiency of each ecosystem service. This scenario enables the simultaneous conservation of multiple ESs. The natural factors within the PCAs exert a stronger influence on ESs than socio-economic factors. The inclusion of interacting factor effects will enhance the explanatory power of the drivers. The findings of this study can serve as a theoretical foundation for cross-scale ecosystem service management decisions.

Expanding European protected areas through rewilding

Rewilding seeks to address biodiversity loss by restoring trophic interactions and fostering self-regulating ecosystems. Although gaining traction in Europe and North America, the extent to which rewilding can meet post-2020 protected-area targets remains uncertain. We formulated criteria to map suitable areas for rewilding by identifying large tracts of land with minimal human disturbances and the presence of key mammal species. We find that one-quarter of Europe, approximately 117 million hectares (ha), is compatible with our rewilding criteria. Of these, 70% are in cooler climates. Passive rewilding opportunities, focused on managing existing wilderness, are predominant in Scandinavia, Scotland, the Iberian Peninsula, and notably in the Baltic states, Ireland, and southeastern Europe. Active rewilding opportunities, marked by reintroduction of absent trophic guilds, are identified in Corsica, Sardinia, southern France, and parts of the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. Our mapping supports European nations in leveraging land abandonment to expand areas for nature conservation, aligning with the European Biodiversity Strategy for 2030. Nevertheless, countries with limited potential for rewilding should consider alternative conservation strategies.

Spatial and temporal ecology of Cerdocyon thous: a mesopredator canid coping with habitat loss, fragmentation, and chronic anthropogenic disturbances

ContextHuman activities are reducing the amount and quality of natural landscapes. Understanding how such changes affect the spatial and temporal ecology of mammal populations will enable us to foresee how communities will be structured in the Anthropocene.ObjectivesHere, we evaluated how the occupancy, intensity of use, and activity patterns of the mesopredator canid Cerdocyon thous are affected by topographic variation, habitat amount, fragmentation and chronic anthropogenic disturbances.MethodsCamera trapping data were obtained between May and September 2014 in 179 sampling points within ten priority areas for conservation in a seasonally dry tropical forest (Caatinga) in Brazil, totaling an effort of 6,701 camera.days. We use occupancy models for analyzed occupancy, generalized linear models (GLM) for the intensity of use and kernel density curve for activity pattern.ResultsCerdoyon thous benefited from human disturbance, showing greater occupancy and intensity of use near anthropogenic habitats, fragmentation, human density and cattle density. Moreover, temporal analyses showed that it modulates its daily activity according to habitat amount, human density, cattle density and altitude. However, C. thous tends to avoid areas with excess of fire, logging and infrastructures.ConclusionsThese results allow us to understand the mechanisms that contribute to the dominance of generalist mesocarnivores in human-dominated environments.

Nature-based winter sports and their ephemeral tracks: interspecies (non-)encounters in snow

Nature-based winter sports are often framed as a solution to the tension between people’s desire for pristine snowy landscapes and their effects on that environment. Low-impact activities such as ski touring and cross-country skiing allow outdoor enthusiasts to visit remote and mountainous locations without the need for hard infrastructure of ski resorts, leaving no permanent marks in the landscape. Yet their growing popularity raises a dilemma about negative effects, especially on wildlife conservation areas. We use the tracks and traces left behind by people as well as animals in Northern Europe and the Alps as a nexus through which to explore how humans and non-humans interact, ignore or avoid each other. Often imagined as ephemeral activities, we argue that the cumulative impacts of nature-based winter sports have significant consequences for wildlife and the way we aim to protect it long after its traces in the snow have disappeared.

Scaling up ocean conservation through recognition of key biodiversity areas in the Southern Ocean from multispecies tracking data.

Biodiversity is critical for maintaining ecosystem function but is threatened by increasing anthropogenic pressures. In the Southern Ocean, a highly biologically productive region containing many endemic species, proactive management is urgently needed to mitigate increasing pressures from fishing, climate change, and tourism. Site-based conservation is one important tool for managing the negative impacts of human activities on ecosystems. The Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) Standard is a standardized framework used to define sites vital for the persistence of global biodiversity based on criteria and quantitative thresholds. We used tracking data from 14 species of Antarctic and subantarctic seabirds and pinnipeds from the publicly available Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) data set to define KBAs for a diverse suite of marine predators. We used track2kba, an R package that supports identification of KBAs from telemetry data through identification of highly used habitat areas and estimates of local abundance within sites. We compared abundance estimates at each site with thresholds for KBA criteria A1, B1, and D1 (related to globally threatened species, individual geographically restricted species, and demographic aggregations, respectively). We identified 30 potential KBAs for 13 species distributed throughout the Southern Ocean that were vital for each individual species, population, and life-history stage for which they were determined. These areas were identified as highly used by these populations based on observational data and complement the ongoing habitat modeling and bioregionalization work that has been used to prioritize conservation areas in this region. Although further work is needed to identify potential KBAs based on additional current and future data sets, we highlight the benefits of utilizing KBAs as part of a holistic approach to marine conservation, given their significant value as a global conservation tool.

Using Systematic Conservation Planning to Identify Climate Resilient Habitat for Endangered Species Recovery While Retaining Areas of Cultural Importance

The effective management of at-risk species often requires fine-scale actions by natural resource managers. However, balancing these actions with concurrent land uses is challenging, particularly when compounded by the interplay of climate shifts, and escalating wildland–urban interface conflicts. We used spatial prioritization tools designed for biodiversity conservation to help resource managers on the Island of Lānaʻi prioritize mutually exclusive land use objectives: endangered species recovery and subsistence and recreational hunting. We weighed the current and anticipated future distributions of threatened and endangered plant species against the distribution of non-native game mammals to plan for species recovery more effectively. Prioritization results identified multiple footprints that could support recovery of all endangered species targets in climate resilient areas while retaining the majority of existing hunting areas. However, very little native vegetation was retained in conservation footprints without deliberate inclusion, which increased footprint area by 268%. Scenarios which prioritized contiguous conservation areas also dramatically increased conservation footprint area, although these scenarios may reduce associated fencing costs. This work demonstrates how spatial prioritization may guide localized species recovery efforts by supporting long-term conservation planning that addresses anticipated climate-driven increases in conflict between conservation and other land uses, with clear applicability beyond Lānaʻi.