Conservative Attitudes Research Articles

Religious development from adolescence to early adulthood among Muslim and Christian youth in Germany: A person-oriented approach.

Religious decline, often observed among North American Christian youth, may not apply universally. We examined this and whether religiosity is associated with well-being, risk behavior, cultural values, and acculturation among 4080 Muslim and Christian adolescents aged 15-22 in Germany. Utilizing seven waves from the CILS4EU project and a person-oriented analytical approach, we identified different religious trajectories for Muslim (58% high, 31% low, 11% increasing), immigrant-origin Christian (68% low, 32% medium), and non-immigrant Christian (74% low, 17% decreasing, 9% medium) youth. High and medium trajectories were associated with greater well-being, lower risk behavior, more conservative attitudes, and less sociocultural integration. To fully understand religious development, we must consider diverse national contexts and groups, employing long-term perspectives and person-centered analyses.

Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Liver or Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma, That's the Question: A Review of the Literature.

An inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver is a rare tumor-like lesion composed of polymorphous inflammatory cell infiltrates and variable amounts of fibrosis that can often mimic a malignant liver neoplasm. The etiology of inflammatory pseudotumors of the liver is unknown; symptoms are faint and imaging non-specific. Thus, it is often hard to make a diagnosis preoperatively and it is not so rare to over-treat patients with this disease or vice versa. Thus, more profound knowledge is necessary to plan appropriate disease management. We reported our two cases and systematically searched the literature regarding IPTL. We selected articles published in English from four databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar, and we included only articles with consistent data. Twenty nine papers fulfilling criteria for the review were selected. The analysis of 69 cases published from 1953 confirmed that the risk factors are unclear, the imaging data is not specific, and biopsy is crucial but not so widely used in clinical practice due to the procedure's related risks, and relatively low effectiveness and improvement in imaging analysis. Regarding treatment, surgeons have moved towards a more conservative attitude over the years due to better imaging quality and patient surveillance. However, surgery remains the modality of choice for most cases with an indeterminate diagnosis. Even if an inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver is a benign tumor with a good prognosis, not requiring any treatment in most cases, sometimes it remains challenging to differentiate it from ICC; therefore, there is a solid recommendation to manage this condition with a multidisciplinary team.

Mock jurors’ conservative ideology and punitiveness: the role of criminal justice orientations

ABSTRACT This study expands previous research that explored why conservative jurors are more punitive towards criminal defendants than their liberal counterparts, by examining criminal justice orientations as another potential mediator between political ideology and punitiveness. An experiment was conducted based on a sample of 433 juror eligible adults recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. After reading one of the two randomly assigned criminal trial scenarios that varied the strength of critical evidence, participants rendered a verdict and recommended a sentence. Results showed that individuals with more conservative attitudes were more likely to support a guilty verdict and harsher sentences for the defendant. Relationships were largely explained by individuals’ criminal justice orientations or value commitment regarding criminal justice operations. Results show that individuals’ endorsement of different criminal justice orientations may be an important mechanism underlying the link between conservatism and juror punitiveness. Findings, implications, and future directions are discussed.

중등학교에서의 학생자치 경험에 대한 내러티브 연구

This study concentrates on students’ narratives regarding their autonomous experiences. Their voices will dynamically reveal the characteristics of student autonomy and its practical limitations. The objective of this study is to vividly share the viewpoints and opinions of students who had directly participated in autonomous activities. To achieve this objective, research participants with ample experience in autonomous activities were chosen. A semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted on two research participants with whom the researcher had formed a rapport, and the content was thoroughly described and interpreted. The results are shown below. First, students’ autonomous activities are led by a small number of the student council executives. Second, teachers’ ‘opportunism’ becomes the worst obstacle in autonomous activities of students. It is not teachers’ indifference but their non-cooperative and conservative attitudes that have a negative influence on autonomous activities. Third, students’ autonomous activities cannot extend to activities that ‘transform’ the school structure. Fourth, students voluntarily show efforts to expand their autonomous activities. To overcome practical limitations in schools, they seek solidarity forces who support their opinions. The representative body of such a solidarity force was the ‘parent association’. The results of this research deduced the following implications for future student autonomous activities. First, it is necessary to reduce the gap in students’ experiences in autonomous activities. Second, teachers in charge of student councils must enhance their understanding of educational autonomy and democracy. Third, these teachers must be provided with an environment where they can be fully immersed in autonomous learning activities of students. Fourth, voluntary participation of the student council executives must be ensured in the school council.

STUDENT PERSPECTIVE TOWARD ENERGY CONSERVATION IN UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA

Climate change and global warming are crucial problems due to carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions cause by fossil fuels consumption. Malaysia has a sustainable power mix but the industry and transportation sectors rely on fossil fuels to generate electricity. Energy conservation are important to improve or change the behavior of people in order to minimize energy usage because humans cannot longer rely on conventional energy sources. Due to the impact of climate change and global warning problems. The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the current practices of energy conservation among UUM students and (2) to investigate the relationship between current practices and energy conservation perspectives among UUM students. This study focuses on Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) students' academic session A221, which is semester 1 to semester 7 students. Researchers have used quantitative methods, the questionnaire was distributed using Google form that uploaded on social media and will receiving answers. A survey was conducted with 377 understudies to get information. The analysis was using statistical software package (SPSS) of software for using in data analysis. The results show the mean of attitude with total mean 31.87 is higher than the level of awareness, energy conservation knowledge and subjective norms, which mean that attitude is most influences perspective of students to energy conservation. Besides, the relationship between level of awareness, energy conservation knowledge, attitude and subjective norms are positive correlated. Based on the results and discussion, energy saving intervention strategies are proposed for student accommodation. Government should implement educational programs and campaigns to raise awareness toward energy conservation practice among students.

The effect of engagement in private lands research on landowner conservation knowledge, attitudes, awareness, and behavioral intentions

ABSTRACT Landowners and scientists often interact during conservation research projects on private lands, creating the opportunity for impactful outreach efforts. However, this potential has received little attention in the literature. This is particularly true for situations where landowners interact with researchers, but do not actively participate in data collection (a “traditional research” model that contrasts to participatory science projects). In this paper, we explore and compare the effects that engaging landowners in traditional versus participatory science research has on landowner conservation knowledge, attitudes, awareness, and behavioral intentions. We find similar effects across both treatment groups, with involvement leading to greater knowledge, increased awareness, more positive attitudes, and/or more behavioral intentions regarding conservation among participants. However, landowners reported limited tangible behavior change during our study. Our results suggest that engaging with landowners during private lands research may be valuable to conservation, but further research is needed on how to optimize these interactions.

The Psychology of Consumer Behavior during Economic Recessions and its Impact on Political Attitudes

This study examines the intricate relationship between consumer behavior during economic recessions and subsequent shifts in political attitudes. Using quantitative and qualitative study, we analyzed data from 1,000 participants across diverse demographic groups during the 2008 and 2020 economic downturns. Our findings reveal significant correlations between changes in consumer spending patterns, psychological factors such as risk aversion and economic anxiety, and evolving political ideologies. The results suggest that economic hardships lead to increased conservative fiscal attitudes and a preference for protectionist policies. This research contributes to our understanding of the complex interplay between economic conditions, consumer psychology, and political landscape, offering insights for policymakers, marketers, and social scientists.

The scientific articles within the information flow: Adapting to the new trends

The presentation of research outcome is a stage of new knowledge promotion and researcher’s academic development. Today, scientists enjoy the widest communication opportunities, in particular, through publications in academic periodicals as the priority communication chanel. Despite somewhat conservative attitude toward articles as a way of communication, one cannot deny the changing methods of article assessment. These methods are too innovative to assess their potentiality and viability. Then, increasing information content of published articles stipulates continuous search for the instruments to assess content value and relevancy. The study resulted in specification of informative characteristics of scientific articles that influence significantly their representation in the rising flow of scientific information. The authors emphasize that through their well-balanced application, they will increase scientometrical indexes and altmetrics as calculated by the information analytical databases. The authors argue that comprehension of the value of scientific articles in the context of the national science and various disciplines, as well as of the economy-wide informatization, is one of the academic competencies. Within the study, the analysis of scientific articles is based on the publication activity data for the educational organizations of the RF Ministry of Internal Affairs accessible through Science Index system.

Dentigerous Cysts in Children: Clinical, Radiological, and Healing Aspects.

Background and Objectives: Dentigerous cysts are one of the most frequent pathologies associated with unerupted or impacted teeth. Such cysts show a male predilection and a preference for the mandibular region. Also, they commonly occur in the second and third decades of life, with only 9% occurring in the first decade. The aim of this work is to apply and study the therapeutic algorithms developed for dentigerous cysts and their outcomes, from the early diagnostic stage to the complete healing phase of pediatric patients diagnosed with this medical condition. Materials and Methods: The study included 19 pediatric patients diagnosed with dentigerous cysts who underwent the enucleation and extraction or conservative attitude of the associated tooth. The bony healing was also followed-up 9 months after the surgery. Results: A higher incidence in the posterior area of the mandible and maxilla was observed, as well as a higher incidence in boys. The 9 months postoperative radiographic assessment showed that the bony defects were completely healed. Conclusions: A thorough understanding of the nature of the lesion backed by a good clinical history and by state-of-the-art radiographic and radiologic examinations can go a long way in helping the surgeon to choose the correct therapeutic approach and to ameliorate the medical condition in the best long-term interest of the young patient. The considered dentigerous cyst cases demonstrated that an early diagnosis and treatment of this pathology is followed by a responsive treatment.

A generational shift: how partisan alignment and the rise of social issues have produced a generation of Democrats

ABSTRACT American political elites are today more neatly divided on a wider range of issues than at any other point in the postwar era. How have these trends affected the political socialization of American youth? We argue that two distinctive aspects of US polarization, namely ideological alignment and the emergence of non-economic issues, have formed the foundation of a generational shift in favor of the Democratic party. We find that Millennials and Gen Z display levels of ideological alignment across economic, civil rights, and moral domains that are equal to or greater than previous generations. Their liberal positions on moral and civil rights issues are not only strongly predictive of vote choice, but also tend to offset any conservative positions on economic issues – in contrast to the way previous generations resolved such ideological tensions. As such, the push for a non-economic political agenda – a popular strategy in the last few decades, especially among Republicans – might well benefit the Democrats electorally as older generations are replaced.

Comparative Anatomical Analysis of Bark Structure in 10 Quercus Species.

Detailed anatomical features of bark are used and interpreted in plant taxonomy, phylogenetics, and other areas of plant science. However, the delicate nature of bark cells, combined with the difficulty of obtaining high-quality sections and reliable data, limits the potential for utilizing and processing bark. In this study, the anatomical structure of the bark of 10 Quercus species growing in Yunnan Province, China, was characterized in detail. The results indicate that the anatomical features of the barks of 10 Quercus spp. show a certain degree of consistency. Specifically, sieve tubes are distributed in solitary elements or in small groups, mostly as compound sieve plates containing 2-8 sieve areas, suggesting that Quercus spp. may occupy a conservative evolutionary position. Additionally, for the first time, this study reports the presence of simple sieve plates in the sieve tube elements of Quercus phloem. Each sieve tube element has a companion cell on one side. The companion cell strands contain 2-7 cells. Axial parenchyma is diffuse, with parenchyma strands typically consisting of 4-7 cells; druses are present within chambered crystalliferous cells. Phloem rays are of two distinct sizes and often exhibit dilatation and sclerification, and the ray composition consists of procumbent cells. Sclerenchyma is composed of fibers and sclereids, both of which contain prismatic crystals. Most of the fibers are gelatinous fibers, which are distributed in discontinuous tangential bands of about five cells in width. Sclereids appear in clusters. The presence of sclerenchyma provides mechanical support to the bark, reducing the collapse of the phloem. Periderm usually consists of around 10-30 layers of phellem, and Quercus acutissima and Q. variabilis can reach dozens or hundreds layers. The phelloderm typically consists of from two to five layers, with Q. variabilis having up to ten or more layers. The filling tissue of lenticels in all Quercus species is nonstratified (homogeneous) and largely nonsuberized. Overall, this study enriches our comprehension of Quercus bark anatomy, elucidating evolutionary patterns, functional adaptations, and ecological ramifications within this significant botanical genus.

Education and Religion in Shaping Support for Same-Sex Relations: Considering Differences Over Time and Across Geographical Areas

Abstract Across the world, attitudes about same-sex relationships have become rapidly more supportive. While education is typically viewed as a liberalizing force, religious beliefs are often seen as restricting more tolerant perspectives and contributing to more conservative attitudes in general. Focusing on the United States, this study examines the roles of religion and education, as individual and group properties, for understanding disapproval of same-sex relationships. Drawing on restricted information that makes it possible to identify where General Social Survey respondents lived, we find that graduating from college is associated with more support, but has less of an effect on Evangelicals and more religiously engaged people. Moreover, we find that residents in areas with higher overall levels of education became liberal faster, irrespective of whether or not they had a college degree. Our findings speak to the power of education and religion, as micro and macro forces, for understanding public opinion about same-sex relations over time.

The Economics of Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservative Attitudes in the Ghanaian Public Sector

The Economics of Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservative Attitudes in the Ghanaian Public Sector

Papuan local wisdom and problem-based learning: Integrated into student books and its effect on students' conservation attitudes

Papua, which is known to be rich in local wisdom, has great potential in environmental conservation if supported by a strong conservative attitude from its citizens. This research aims to determine the influence of problem-based student books integrated with Papuan local wisdom on the conservation attitudes of class VII junior high school students. This research is experimental research conducted at junior high schools in the Tanah Merah area of Bintuni Bay. In this study, the sample used was class VII, consisting of 38 students. There were 19 students in the control and experimental classes each. A conservation attitude questionnaire was used to measure students' conservation attitudes. Data were analyzed using the t test. The results show that problem-based student books integrated with Papuan local wisdom have a better effect than the control class. Local wisdom adds to students' information regarding the management of endemic organisms where they live. The problem of extinction in PBL learning empowers students to think about how to conserve organisms so that extinction factors that influence the classification of living things can be prevented.

Effect of Companies Senior Personnel Gender Differences on Company Capital Structure

Previous researches have analyzed the effect of gender diversity toward financial performance toward the companies. This article aims to analyze the effect of gender situation toward capital structure on the whole A shares companies. The data mainly contain gender ratio of senior executives, gender of board of directors, firm size, industries classification, number of people on board, and of total remuneration of the top three directors. The previous two variables are the core explaining variable. The period is from 2010 to 2019 and the frequency is yearly. The OLS pooled regression and fixed effect model are chosen to analyzed. The results are not totally consistent with previous research suggesting the increase of female on the board, that is, increase gender diversity would definitely improve capital structure. The female board of directors will indeed make less debt financing compared with male board of directors. However, the female ratio in the senior executives is usually positively related with the D/E ratio. The possible reason is the overall conservative attitude of female can help them avoid overconfidence bias when using debt financing, and thus loan less debt and make the D/E be lower. However, on the other hands, it also makes female be too afraid of the lack of cash flow and may make more loan. Other parts of the results focusing on the control variable are consistent with previous researches and can be explained by classical financial theory.

Learning About Sex from Different Sources: Implications for Sexual Attitudes, Sexual Knowledge, and Risky Sexual Behavior Among U.S. College Students.

This exploratory cross-sectional study, guided by primary socialization theory, examined relations between four primary socialization agents of sexual learning (i.e., mothers, fathers, friends/peers, and online media) and sexual attitudes, sexual knowledge, and risky sexual behavior. Latent-variable structural equation models were tested using self-report data obtained from 515 emerging adults who had spent at least 6 months attending in-person college classes. Results showed that learning about sex from mothers was associated with more conservative sexual attitudes and lower risky sexual behavior. Sexual learning from friends/peers was linked to liberal sexual attitudes and greater sexual knowledge. Learning from online media was associated with increased sexual knowledge. To account for a shift in sexual learning patterns from before to after entry to college, we created algebraic difference scores for each source of sexual information. Greater reliance on sexual learning from friends/peers in the past 6 months of college relative to before college was associated with liberal sexual attitudes and greater sexual knowledge. Additional analyses revealed different effects of learning about sex from mothers more during college than before college between those living on campus vs. commuters living at home. The discussion emphasizes the different role that each of the primary socialization agents plays for emerging adults' sexual development, including the protective role of mothers against risky sexual behavior, the impact of friends and peers on sexual attitudes and knowledge, and the shifting dynamics of socialization processes during college.

From China Lobby Activists to Blue Team Neoconservatives: The Evolution of the gop’s Views on Taiwan Since 1949

Abstract During the 1990s, American neoconservatives grew concerned over a burgeoning People’s Republic of China (prc) threatening the newly democratic government of Taiwan. They wanted the United States to bolster Taiwan’s standing in the international community, commit to defend the island, end strategic ambiguity, and prevent further entrenchment of the prc into international organizations. Some went as far as advocating for diplomatic recognition of Taiwan and Taiwanese independence. Neoconservatives frequently employed Wilsonian rhetoric to shore up support for Taiwan. Despite this liberal veneer, their foreign policy positions and thinking built on the approach of such groups as the China Lobby and New Right. This article’s analysis of neoconservative viewpoints on U.S. policy toward Taiwan shows how the neoconservatives in the United States evolved from earlier conservative positions, rather than injecting liberalism into gop foreign policy positions on Taiwan and the prc.

The Conservative of the Spontaneous Order

Libertarianism itself does not hold a stance on moral issues and hence does not prevent libertarians from adopting culturally conservative or liberal positions. Though libertarianism has no position on cultural issues per se, this article argues that libertarians should intellectually oppose the ideas behind some of the current cultural developments in the West due to their constructivist nature. Based on Hayek’s critique of constructivism, I contend that many of the recent cultural shifts in society are influenced by rational constructivist ideas—namely, critical theory and deconstruction. These ideas pose an intellectual threat to libertarianism for two reasons: (1) They intellectually challenge the traditional libertarian view of the spontaneous origins of civil society, which they aim to reshape in favor of a structure that reflects a specific postmodern world view. (2) It remains uncertain how a libertarian society would function under a newly constructed social order that does not value free speech, property rights, and other fundamental principles of the current liberal order. The spontaneous order is the defining feature of libertarian social analysis, and it must be intellectually defended.

Enzymatic Debridement (Nexobrid) on Burned Hands: Retrospective Review from a Burn Referral Center in Spain.

In deep burns, the gold standard of treatment is surgical debridement and coverage, but in hands, this may lead to poor aesthetic and functional results due to the complexity of this anatomical area. Enzymatic debridement (Nexobrid) allows for the preservation of the dermal remnant and reduces the number of skin grafts when compared with surgical excision. The study aimed to analyze the patients with intermediate second-degree or deeper burns in hands who required surgical treatment after Nexobrid and those who avoided it. A descriptive retrospective study of all patients who underwent Nexobrid following hand burns between May 2015 and April 2020 treated in Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital was conducted. After the enzymatic debridement, the burn unit team determined if the burn required conservative treatment or surgery, based on the characteristics of the wound bed. A total of 202 hands were collected. Most hands included in this study had deep second-degree burns (122; 60.4%). Almost half of the hands underwent surgery (99; 49%), and most had deep second-degree burns (61; 61.62%). During follow-up, 24 hands required surgery for sequelae (11.88%) and 62 did not undergo follow-up (30.69%). In the group that needed sequelae surgery, 21 needed surgery after Nexobrid and three of them were healed with conservative treatment after Nexobrid (P < 0.001). Nexobrid decreases the number of surgical procedures in deep burns of the hand because more conservative attitudes are adopted. Also, it seems to reduce the need of surgery due to burn sequelae.

Satisfaction of households in surrounding communities of protected areas with economic compensation for wildlife accidents: a case study of Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve in China

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the satisfaction of farmers with the compensation policy for wildlife-caused damages and its influencing factors, analyze the current situation of satisfaction with the compensation policy among farmers, identify factors significantly affecting satisfaction, and explore ways to optimize the compensation policy and improve the satisfaction of farmers based on the effects of various influencing factors.Design/methodology/approachThe Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, China, is selected as the research area for the study. Through field interviews, 370 valid questionnaires were collected to obtain relevant data on farmers' satisfaction with the compensation policy for wildlife-caused damages. The Oprobit model is utilized to explore the factors influencing farmer satisfaction and to analyze their underlying reasons.FindingsThe study reveals that farmers in the communities surrounding the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve generally experience low satisfaction with the compensation policy, particularly concerning satisfaction with compensation amounts, which tends to be dissatisfied on average. Satisfaction with the compensation policy is significantly influenced by individual characteristics and household labor structure, while the degree of human-wildlife conflict, wildlife conservation attitudes and household income structure have insignificant impact. Among individual characteristics, gender, education level, health status, and ethnicity are highly significant. In household labor structure, the number of agricultural laborers, non-agricultural laborers, and household agricultural labor time are highly significant.Originality/valueBuilding on the overall satisfaction of farmers with the compensation policy, this study further decomposes policy satisfaction into satisfaction with compensation amounts, coverage, and procedures. It provides more targeted recommendations for enhancing satisfaction with the compensation policy, which can help effectively mitigate human-wildlife conflicts and achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.