Consequences Of Such Failures Research Articles

Managing Fan Relationship after a Doping Scandal

We all have idols in sports. People who make us wonder how they managed to become the best in their field. But there are also athletes who resort to novel and forbidden methods to skip training while trying to reach the top. What is doping and why is it banned in sports? The present paper offers a brief description of the doping phenomenon, a small review of the most famous doping cases in the history of sports, the consequences of such failure and how it influences the athlete's life, and finally a short study related to this phenomenon.

Bearing Health Evaluation Model using Segmentive Technique and Cosine KNN in Different Loading Situations

Bearing faults are a common cause of machinery failure, and bearing vibration analysis is critical in preventing any unacceptable consequences of such failures. Advancements in smart data and computing make Artificial Intelligence (AI) preferable for bearing vibration analysis. Typically, signal processing and feature engineering are essential for achieving satisfactory classification accuracy. Additionally, a drop in classification accuracy is commonly observed during different loading situations due to the vastly varying vibration characteristics under different loads. This paper evaluates an AI model in variable loading situations using raw vibration signals, devoid of signal processing and feature engineering. The proposed AI model, Segmentive Cosine K-Nearest Neighbours (SCosKNN), demonstrated a higher overall classification accuracy of 90.6–94.3% in same loading situations, and 72.1–84.2% in different loading situations. An improvement of around 9% in same loadings and 10–14% in different loadings were observed compared to a model without Segmentive Technique

Failure in Gaining the American Dream in Sam Shepard’s Curse of the Starving Class

This study highlights the importance of understanding the complexities of the American Dream, and the challenges that can arise in pursuing it, both on personal and societal levels. This study sought to investigate the failure of an American family in achieving their American dreams; how they attempted to achieve their dreams, what caused them to fail, and what the consequences were for their family. Based on library research, the authors used a descriptive qualitative method. The study used Marx’s theory of class struggle to analyze how the characters’ dreams are influenced and limited by their social class. The study also used the concept of the American Dream, which has three components: a richer, better, and fuller life. The primary data were derived from the script of Sam Shepard's play, Curse of the Starving Class. The supporting data came from English literature journals, English literary theories, e-books, and other internet sources. The data was classified, analyzed, and then presented in a report. According to the study that the writers conducted, all the characters in the play had their dreams, but none of them were realized. This study sheds light on the complex nature of the American Dream. This study reveals the obstacles and challenges that can stand in the way of success, as well as the consequences of such failure. The study finds two factors that make the characters fail to achieve their dreams, namely the internal and external factors. The internal factors consist of the broken family structure, financial problems or poverty, negative escapism, failure in self-reflection, and unrealistic dreams, while the external factors come from a lack of opportunities, societal pressure, and predatory business practices.

A comparison of ultrasonic temperature monitoring using machine learning and physics-based methods for high-cycle thermal fatigue monitoring

Failure of pipe network components in so-called mixing zones due to high-cycle thermal fatigue (HCTF) can occur within nuclear power plants where fluids of different thermal and hydraulic properties interact. Given that the consequences of such failures are potentially deadly, a method to monitor HCTF non-invasively in real-time is expected to be of great use. This method may be realised by a technique to determine the inaccessible temperature distribution of a component since thermal gradients drive HCTF. Previous work showed that a physics-based method called the inverse thermal modelling (ITM) method can obtain the temperature distribution from external temperature and ultrasonic time of flight (TOF) measurements. This study investigated whether the long-short-term memory (LSTM) machine learning architecture could be a faster alternative to the ITM method for data inversion. On experimental data, a 25-member ensemble of LSTM networks achieved an ensemble median root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.04°C and an ensemble median mean error of 0.194°C (both relative to a resistance temperature device measurement). These values are similar to the ITM method which achieved a RMSE of 1.04°C and a mean error of 0.196°C. The single LSTM network and the ITM method achieved a computation-to-real-world time ratio of 0.008% and 14%, respectively demonstrating that both methods can invert data in real-time. Simulation studies revealed that LSTM performance is sensitive to small differences between the training and real-world parameters leading to unacceptable errors. However, these errors can be detected via an ensemble of independent networks and, corrected by simply adding a correction factor to the TOF prior to being input into the networks. The results show that LSTM has the potential to be an alternative to the ITM method; however, the authors favour ITM for temperature distribution monitoring given its interpretability.

When facial recognition does not ‘recognise’: erroneous identifications and resulting liabilities

Facial recognition is an artificial intelligence-based technology that, like many other forms of artificial intelligence, suffers from an accuracy deficit. This paper focuses on one particular use of facial recognition, namely identification, both as authentication and as recognition. Despite technological advances, facial recognition technology can still produce erroneous identifications. This paper addresses algorithmic identification failures from an upstream perspective by identifying the main causes of misidentifications (in particular, the probabilistic character of this technology, its ‘black box’ nature and its algorithmic bias) and from a downstream perspective, highlighting the possible legal consequences of such failures in various scenarios (namely liability lawsuits). In addition to presenting the causes and effects of such errors, the paper also presents measures that can be deployed to reduce errors and avoid liabilities.

Integrated Multi-Criteria Decision Making Via Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Sets to Evaluate the Risks of Failure Mode

The purpose of a failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is to improve the safety and dependability of a system, product, procedure, or facility by identifying potential points of failure and determining the consequences of such failures. The assessment of failure modes, the weighting of risk factors, and the ranking of failure modes are all areas where the conventional FMEA falls short when put to use in the real world. To assess the hazard of failure modes in a trapezoidal neutrosophic sets environment, this research proposes a model that combines the neutrosophic sets and MCDM technique such as WASPAS. The WASPAS MCDM method is used to calculate the weights of standards and order the alternatives. Advantages of trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers in dealing with uncertainty, ambiguity, and incompleteness are combined with the benefits of WASPAS to create the suggested risk prioritization strategy.

Switchgear Digitalization-Research Path, Status, and Future Work.

To keep pace with global energy efficiency trends and, in particular, emission reduction targets in the maritime sector, both onshore and maritime power distribution systems need to be adapted to the relevant new technologies and concepts. As an important link in the distribution chain, medium-voltage switchgear (MV) is expected to be stable and reliable while operating as efficiently as possible. Failures of MV equipment, while rare because the equipment must be safe to handle and use, have far-reaching consequences. The consequences of such failures, whether to the shore or marine power system, present risks to the entire power plant, so an accurate assessment of equipment condition is required to identify potential failures early. The solution is an emerging concept of digital switchgear, where the implementation of sensor technology and communication protocols enables effective condition monitoring, and the creation of a database that, when combined with machine learning algorithms, enables predictive maintenance and/or fault detection. This paper presents, step by step, the previous challenges, the current research (divided into predictive maintenance, condition monitoring, and fault detection categories), and the future directions in this field. The use of artificial intelligence is discussed to eliminate the disadvantage of manually interpreting operational data, and recommendations for future work are formulated, such as the need to standardize test procedures and data sets to train and compare different algorithms before they are used in practice.

The Fear Returns: Messaging in the Age of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

The Fear Returns: Messaging in the Age of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Data acquisition system for capacitive energy storages

Failures in capacitive energy storages result in destruction of faulty elements and other expensive components. Recovery of such failures requires long-term and expensive works to replace and to restore elements of the capacitive energy storage. Diagnostic hardware of the capacitive energy storages makes it possible to limit the consequences of such failures, to reduce the frequency of their occurrence, as well as to monitor the equipment and transmit information on functioning of the pulse current sources to the facility. The operation of data acquisition system in high voltage facilities is accompanied by the electromagnetic interference, and it is therefore necessary to provide the optical fiber transmission lines, the isolation of the diagnostics hardware components and galvanic isolation of their power supply.

Government project failure in developing countries: A review with particular reference to Nigeria

No Abstract.

The Behavior of Credit-Rating Agencies During the Recent Global Financial Crisis

Referring to the role credit-rating agencies played in the most recent global financial crisis, the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission – FCIC concluded that “… the failures of credit rating agencies were essential cogs in the wheel of financial destruction.” The reasons for such failures include changes in technology, the rapid transformation of market structure, volume of business and complexity of financial instruments to be rated by these entities. These changes started in the late 1990s and culminated in the 2000 – 2007 period, but the consequences of such failures have pervaded global markets until recently. In addition to describing trends and circumstances surrounding these agencies during the global financial crisis, this study analyzes behavioral themes that intervened in the events and influenced the development of undesirable outcomes to the agencies and their clients.

Алманың әр түрлі генотиптерін in vitro клондауды оңтайландыру

At each stage of plant clonal micropropagation appear difficulties, such as a failed sterilization, poor reproduction, abnormal development of microplants and phenolic oxidation plants in a nutrient medium. The consequences of such failures can lead to plant necrosis, and sometimes death. Successful micropropagation of plants depends on several internal and external factors, including ex vitro and in vitro conditions. It is important to create optimal conditions at each stage of micropropagation to achieve a high multiplication coefficient of in vitro plants. The article presents the results of improving the technology of clonal micropropagation of apple plants at different stages. Experiments conducted have shown that apple shoots are effectively sterilized with 0,2% HgCl2 at an exposure of 4 min. In this case, the number of explants capable of regenerating is 76% for variety Golden Delicious, 85% for variety Voskhod, 75% for variety Maksat. The best medium for isolating explants is MS medium containing double amount of iron chelate; vitamin C -1.5 mg/l; polyvinylpyrralidone - 250 mg/l; glycine - 2 mg/l; BAP - 0.5 mg/l; The IMC is 0.1 mg/l, 79% of regenerating apple shoots were obtained with such a composition of the nutrient medium. The optimal medium for micropropagation of apple is the mineral basis of MS with a hormonal composition: 1.0 mg/l BAP, 0.1 mg/l IMC, 0.1 mg/l HA. The multiplication coefficient of the studied cultivars ranged from 4 to 13 depending on the genotype. 36 cultivars and 9 wild forms of apple are introduced into in vitro culture and propagated. Key words: clonal micropropagation, in vitro, sterilization, nutrient medium, apple.

Beware of on-treatment safety analyses.

Assessing safety is important to evaluating new medications. In many randomized clinical trials, assessment of safety relies on so-called on-treatment analysis, where data on adverse events are collected only while the participant is taking study medication and perhaps for a few (7, 14, or 30) days after stopping. This article discusses the consequence of such failure to use intent-to-treat analyses in assessing safety. This article discusses two approaches to analysis of safety data: intention-to-treat and on-treatment analysis with reference to principles of the design of randomized clinical trial. On-treatment analysis violates randomization and is often not well defined. Moreover, because the typical on-treatment analysis ignores the reason participants in clinical trials stop treatment, on-treatment analyses can lead to biased estimates of risk. Examples show biases that can result from failure to count all adverse events. An example from a study of rofecoxib shows an on-treatment analysis that led to likely underestimation of harm; an example from a study of saxagliptin shows an on-treatment analysis that led to a likely overestimate of harms. For major safety outcomes in long-term clinical trials, intention-to-treat analysis should be performed in the framework of benefit-risk evaluation. More generally, analyses of safety should be tailored to the specific question being asked with the specific study design under consideration. On-treatment analyses are subject to bias; however, the direction of that bias is not necessarily clear.

Institutional influence on assessments: the institutional analysis and development framework applied to military intelligence

ABSTRACTHow can we understand intelligence assessments and intelligence work? The intelligence literature offers several plausible causes of failures and the consequences of such failures. However, there is a direct lack of theories or frameworks that connect these variables, that is, there is an incomplete understanding of both how those variables interact and their underlying mechanisms. Failures as such do only give one part of the picture. Why intelligence succeed is equally if not more important to understand. The military intelligence service from an institutional perspective may help to give this understanding.This study connects these variables with Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, which yields a model to understand the mechanisms of institutional on the assessment and lays a foundation for a common terminology. The study uses the Swedish military intelligence institution active in Afghanistan between 2008 and 2012 as a case.

Wire Rope Isolators for Seismic Base Isolation

Tall and slender substation equipment is prone to failure under seismic excitations. The consequences of such failure can be devastating and lead to weeks or months of lost power. The IEEE Std 693-2005 ensures that all substation equipment installed in high seismic areas are designed to withstand earthquakes of a severity related to that area. There are numerous ways to increase the seismic strength of substation equipment and this paper will discuss doing so by base isolation, specifically using wire rope isolators (WRIs). It is the purpose of this paper to present a case study in which the Socitec Group provided a WRI base isolation design for a high voltage surge arrester. The simulation results show that the moment at the base of the surge arrester was reduced by 55% when using the Socitec designed WRI base isolation system.

Management Failures: Sources, Consequences, and Potential Remedies

Due to events such as the financial crisis of 2008, in which firms' private decisions imposed substantial negative externalities on society, scholars of strategy and organization have recently directed increased attention to considering the degree to which such failures of management can be anticipated, contained, or deterred. In this symposium, panelists will engage in an interactive discussion of the sources of management failures; the consequences of such failures at the organizational, industry, and societal levels; and potential remedies including new strategic approaches, enhanced business education, and more effective societal responses. By assembling a set of scholars that crosses disciplinary lines and that spans complementary aspects of the problem of management failure, this symposium will contribute to the integration and cumulative progress of research in this area.

Building facade failures in the urban environment

In the urban environment, building facades can be exposed to conditions that are not present in other environments. These include acid rain, higher atmospheric carbon dioxide and other agents that can deteriorate or attack the facades of city buildings or other urban structures. Sulfurous, sulfuric and nitric acids present in polluted air dissolve calcite minerals in marble and limestone facades or in concrete and mortar aggregates. Harsh cleaning chemicals or methods used to wash away city soil and soot can damage facades. Sealants can degrade and discolour from airborne deposits and contaminants. Facades may suffer impact and abuse from adjacent building construction activities. While failure of building facades or their connections can result from countless causes, the extent and consequences of such failures are often exacerbated by pollutants and chemicals that are commonly present in the urban environment. This paper addresses special considerations, conditions and risks that are associated with building facade failures in cities. The majority of urban facade failure descriptions and cases presented in this paper are based on the author’s experience in the USA.

When public services fail: a research agenda on public service failure

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on public service failure and develop a research agenda for studying public service failure alongside private service failure. The general services management literature has devoted relatively little attention to public services, whereas developments in the private service management literature have not reached public management. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper drawing on the public management literature. Different failure types and causes are discussed, including service failures that are specific to public sector settings. This is linked to the specific public context within which public services operate. Customer reactions to public service failure are then introduced, as well as service recovery. Findings Service failures in a public and a private context are different. There are different failure types and different standards of failure. Public management literature mainly studies collective and political reactions to service failure, whereas the private service management literature tends to focus on individual reactions. Finally, attention for service recovery was found to be very limited in the public services literature. Social implications Studying public service failure is important because failure can have dramatic consequences for customers, public organisations, and society. Social inequalities that arise as a result of public service failure need to have a prominent role in future research. Originality/value This paper develops the concept of public service failure and sets a novel research agenda for studying processes, causes, and consequences of such failure, as well as public-private differences.

On the issue that Finite Element discretizations violate, nodally, Clausius’s postulate of the second law of thermodynamics

Discretization processes leading to numerical schemes sometimes produce undesirable effects. One potentially serious problem is that a discretization may produce the loss of validity of some of the physical principles or mathematical properties originally present in the continuous equation. Such loss may lead to uncertain results such as numerical instabilities or unexpected non-physical solutions. As a consequence, the compatibility of a discrete formulation with respect to intrinsic physical principles might be essential for the success of a numerical scheme. This paper addresses such type of issue. Its main objective is to demonstrate that standard Finite Element discretizations of the heat conduction equation violate Clausius’s postulate of the second law of thermodynamics, at nodal level. The problem occurs because non-physical, reversed nodal heat-fluxes arise in such discretizations. Conditions for compatibility of discrete nodal heat-fluxes with respect to Clausius’s postulate are derived here and named discrete thermodynamic compatibility conditions (DTCC). Simple numerical examples are presented to show the undesirable consequences of such failure. It must be pointed out that such DTCCs have previously appeared in the context of the study of the conditions that make discrete solutions to satisfy the discrete maximum principle (DMP). However, the present article does not put attention on such mathematical principle but on the satisfaction of a fundamental physical one: the second law of thermodynamics. Of course, from the presented point of view, it is clear that the violation of such fundamental law will cause, among different problems, the violation of the DMP.

Becoming an open democratic capitalist society: a two-century historical perspective on Germany’s evolving political economy

How do countries become open capitalist democracies? Why do they often fail? What can be the violent consequences of such failures? Douglass North, John Wallis, Barry Weingast, and Webb have proposed a framework for addressing these questions, as described in the first part of this article. It recognizes that the politics and economics of this process are jointly determined—the control of violence capacity in society and the distribution of economic benefits depend on each other. The second part of the article sketches out what this framework implies for interpreting the evolution of Germany’s politics and economics from the early nineteenth century through the mid twentieth century. This overview introduces five subsequent articles that discuss the framework in relation to specific historic sub-periods: 1814–1870 when the separate states of Germany competed economically and politically; 1871–1914 when a unified Germany made impressive progress on many dimensions but without making a transition to full democracy and civilian control of the military; the Weimar period when it consciously attempted such a transition and perhaps succeeded for a few years; the Nazi period of severe regression; and the post World War time when Germany did make the transition to full democratic capitalism.