Consequences Of Occupation Research Articles

Training Future Specialists in Specialty 227 “Therapy and Rehabilitation” at Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University

Physical rehabilitation during military aggression is one of the critical components of medical care for military personnel, their families, and the civilian population affected by the consequences of occupation, violence, bombings, etc. Training future physical therapists is a complex and essential process that requires specialised education, practical experience and constant updating of knowledge and skills. The practice-oriented approach, which allows students to gain real practical experience in treating patients even during their studies and helps them develop the skills and abilities necessary for successful practice, plays a crucial role in the training of physical therapists. The article reveals the peculiarities of training future physical and occupational therapists at Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University in cooperation with various institutions of the social sphere (rehabilitation institutions, various centres of psychosocial assistance). In interaction with the specified institutions, the recipients get to prepare for work in clinical, sports or other environments where their skills will be of actual use. A hands-on approach helps candidates learn to interact with different age groups and patients with different health conditions, from children to adults; contribute to the recovery of the physical and psychological condition of patients, helping them to return to an active life; by developing individual rehabilitation plans, physical therapists help restore mobility and improve patients’ quality of life, reducing the risk of disability.

Information and analytical system for managing the processes of evacuation and restoration of enterprises' activities

Problem statement. The process of evacuation of an industrial enterprise and restoration of work in safe areas are complex processes that require operational management decisions on the one hand and assessment of the effectiveness of this process in order to determine the financial condition and continuity of the enterprise in the strategic dimension on the other hand. An important component of this is the formation of a high-quality information product to ensure decision-making by stakeholders. This can be implemented by creating an internal reporting system. "Internal management reporting is a flexible system of information forms; compiled by responsibility centers and in general for the enterprise, submitted to management personnel of various levels; reflects the conditions, organizational and technological features of the enterprise's activities and the needs of management personnel; is a source of information for monitoring, analysis, budgeting and making effective management decisions" [31]. This determines the need to expand the system of internal reporting of an industrial enterprise in the context of reflecting the consequences of military operations and occupation of state territories and the processes of evacuation and launch of the enterprise in safe territories. Accordingly, research on the development of internal reporting on the processes of evacuation of industrial enterprises is updated.

Preliminary assessment of the radiological consequences of the hostile military occupation of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone

The full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russian military forces on 24 February 2022 put the radiological well-being of the people in Ukraine under unprecedented threat. Apart from the risks linked to operating nuclear power plants, there was substantial evidence of looting of facilities of all kinds, including those holding radioactive materials, as well as the scope for physical disturbance of radioactively contaminated areas and waste storage facilities. The actions of Russian military personnel invading Ukraine through the territory of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (the ChEZ) were of serious concern. Before its shutdown a few days after the beginning of the occupation, the automated radiation monitoring system of the ChEZ recorded sharp increases in the gamma-background in several areas which indicated some non-typical processes taking place on its territory. The State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine (SNRIU) and its technical support organisation, the Scientific and Technical Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety (SSTC NRS), as well as the rest of the professional nuclear community in Ukraine and worldwide, recognised the potential for movement of the radioactive contamination (reaching 101–104 kBq m−2 Cs-137 in the most of the territory) by the Russian military machinery and personnel to areas outside the ChEZ, creating locally contaminated spots along the routes taken by the invaders towards Kyiv. Certain apprehensions were caused by the inventory carried out after the liberation of the ChEZ which revealed the theft of calibration sources and radioactive samples from laboratories located in Chornobyl. As soon as this information became available to the public, it caused a wide response and anxiety, as a result of which SNRIU made a decision to conduct a radiation survey of the liberated territories in the Kyiv region. The survey was conducted between June and December 2022 by SSTC NRS specialists with the support of DSA. The scope of the survey was limited by available time and resources; however, the total route of the survey was about 840 km, and covered more than 50 settlements and a limited part of the ChEZ. The radiation survey combined the continuous gamma-dose rate measurements by the detectors installed in the laboratory vehicle and additional manual measurements at specified points. As a result of the radiation survey, no deterioration of the radiation situation was observed in the liberated territories. No contaminated objects, radiation sources, or other radioactive material removed from the ChEZ were found either. Measurements of the Cs-137 soil contamination in the ChEZ, although limited, corresponded to the results which had been obtained before the war. It can be concluded that in the surveyed territories, the direct impact on the public in the form of additional radioactive contamination removed from the ChEZ in February-March 2022 was negligible. The same applies to the radiation consequences of forest fires that occurred in the ChEZ during its occupation. However, due to the damage of the radiation monitoring system, explosive hazard, and destruction of transport infrastructure, the consequences of the occupation of the ChEZ by Russian troops will be long-term.

VOLUNTEER TOURISM AS A TOOL FOR SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF FORCEDLY DISPLACED PERSONS DURING THE RUSSIAN MILITARY INVASION

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the significance and features of volunteer tourism for the social integration of forcibly displaced persons during the russian military invasion. The article proves that the challenges associated with the russian armed aggression against Ukraine necessitated the adoption of effective decisions aimed at social adaptation and integration into the public life of persons who, to avoid the negative consequences of war and temporary occupation, were forced to leave their place of residence and found temporary shelter in other regions of the country. It was determined that volunteer tourism occupies a special place among the measures that contribute to the social integration of forced migrants into life in the territorial communities of Ukraine, where they currently live and plan to stay for a long time. Volunteer tourism ensures the convergence of identities of displaced persons and the communities in which they live the establishment of communication, and formation of harmonious cultural forms between forcibly displaced persons and all other members of society. It was established that in the conditions of the russian military invasion, thanks to the joint efforts of volunteers and the partnership of public organizations, there is an opportunity to implement social projects at the national level, which contribute to the social adaptation of people who were forced to leave their usual places of residence, escaping from the military threat. The organization and conduct of tourist activities helps to establish and create a healthy psychological climate through the active, relaxed communicative activity of the event participants, contributes to their psycho-emotional relief, the formation of a positive mood, and mutual satisfaction with the learning process. The article substantiates that the involvement of caring, active, conscious volunteers in the implementation of projects forms a new culture aimed at the spread of universal human values, peace, freedom, security, humanism, personal growth through awareness of human potential.

SOCIAL INSURANCE AS A COMPONENT OF THE DOMESTIC SYSTEM OF SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS

The purpose of the study is to justify the importance of using social insurance as a tool to ensure social protection guarantees of internally displaced persons in Ukraine in the conditions of modern challenges. During the research, dialectical and abstract logical methods, methods of comparison, observation, analysis, synthesis, etc. were used.It has been proven that Russia's military invasion of Ukraine caused massive internal displacement of the population. The challenges associated with these processes necessitated the adoption of effective decisions to ensure adequate social protection of persons who had to leave their place of residence to avoid the negative consequences of war and temporary occupation. An assessment of the legal and organizational foundations of social protection and social security of internally displaced persons (IDPs) was carried out. It has been established that an important role in ensuring the guarantees of social protection of IDPs is played by mandatory social insurance, which is implemented in Ukraine through pension insurance, unemployment insurance, insurance in connection with temporary loss of working capacity, insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases, which caused the loss of working capacity. It was determined that, in accordance with the current legislation, displaced persons who are subject to mandatory state social insurance, in the event of an insurance event, are guaranteed material support through the provision of pensions, other types of social benefits and assistance, which are the main source of livelihood. The appointment of material support and the provision of social services are carried out on the basis of information contained in the system of personalized accounting of information about insured persons of the State Register of mandatory state social insurance.

Socio-ethical consequences of the German and Romanian occupation (on the example of the southern and eastern regions of the USSR)

The article dwells upon some social and moral consequences of the German-Romanian occupation in the Ukrainian SSR in 1941–1944. The source base are transcripts of conversations conducted by the staff of the Commission on the History of the Great Patriotic War of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union with residents of Donbass, Odessa, Melitopol, etc. at the end of 1943 – the first half of 1944. These were people of different ages, professions, social groups who had survived the occupation or had come to these areas immediately after their liberation. The policy of the German and Romanian invaders and their behavior, among other things, had negatively affected the state of legal culture, crime, labor and family relations, and the moral state of society. For example, the phenomenon of bribery had grown dramatically. For some people it was a means of enrichment, while for some others it was a way to survive the inhumane conditions of the occupation. Speculation had acquired a huge scale and had sometimes been a way to survive in the conditions of the socio-economic policy pursued by the invaders. Prostitution, legalized by the occupiers, and the moral corruption and sexual promiscuity imposed by them became a negative moment. These and many other negative aspects required from the Soviet government and from the people additional efforts to overcome the socio-ethical consequences of the occupation.

Nederlandse medische hulp aan Servië: 1919–1921 de verslagen van dr. Van Hamel en dr. J.E. Lieneman

The end of World War I did not mean the end of Dutch humanitarian and medical aid to Serbia. Following the invitation of the Serbian government, a civic medical mission of volunteers arrived in the early summer of 1919 to the south of Serbia and the newly acquired provinces of Sandjak and Macedonia. Their task was to help establish civic medical care and relieve the many consequences of poverty, war and occupation. Thanks to the letters of Dr. Van Hamel and those that Dr. J.E. Lieneman wrote for the Dutch newspaper Algemeen Handelsblad and were published weekly from December 1919 till December 1920 we can get insight into the situation in a country devastated by many years of warfare. Lieneman's human interest, his professionalism and his almost literary style make his reports more than worthwhile reading. Not only do we get general impressions about Serbia and the newly established Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes but we can also find plenty of information about the medical, political, cultural and ethnical situation. Of special significance is his evaluation of foreign humanitarian aid. He shows us not only the positive effects but also the many absurdities of the business of helping. As a true humanitarian Lieneman believed that long term emancipation was of greater help for the inhabitants than short term provision of goods.

CƏBRAYIL RAYONUNDA YENİ TƏSƏRRÜFAT FORMALARININ TƏŞKİLİNİN İQTİSADİ-COĞRAFİ POTENSİYALI

One of the most urgent tasks of economic geography in the article is to ensure the sustainable development of the Jabrayil region on new foundations, whose economic and social facilities, which have been under occupation for many years, have been completely destroyed. The initial data collected on the objects destroyed in the area as a result of the analysis and their geographical location can be used as substantive information in the reconstruction activities of the district. As a result of the analysis, the existing potential in the region: favorable transport, new Zangilan and Fizuli centers in the neighborhood, sand, cement raw materials, fertile lands, canals, rivers, hydropower and solar resources will have a significant impact on the rehabilitation and development of farms. As a result of the research, the optimal centers for the location of "smart villages" in the region were identified. The article will focus on the development of local and global transport routes through the region, the use of local mineral deposits and the effective organization of internal and external relations. The information obtained as a result of the research will allow to build the perspective territorial planning of the regional economy on the basis of existing standards. Key words: consequences of occupation, advantages of reconstructed forms of economy, substantiation of centers, features of distribution in the area

Состояние законности и правопорядка на территории Смоленщины после вражеской оккупации 1943–1945 гг.

The article addresses the issue of legality in the Smolensk region after its liberation from the invaders during the Great Patriotic War. Combining the totality of crimes in 1943–45 into three groups seems justified: crimes caused by the consequences of occupation; criminal offenses; crimes related to violation of labour discipline in the wartime. The first group includes such crimes as desertion, espionage, treason, and aiding the invaders. As the facts indicate, unlike traitors, to whom no exemptions were provided, accomplices could expect that mitigating and justifying circumstances will be taken into account. Crime was mostly kept down in the Smolensk region (unlike other rear regions). Violations of wartime labor law constituted the largest group of crimes. Moreover, from 1943 to 1944 their number grew by 50%. There was a discussion on adequacy of penalty to the gravity of offense in this category. The authors' position is based on the severity of the situation. The state used all available resources to achieve victory in the war, including forced labour. The Smolensk region data, when compared with other regions, show difficulties in reconstructing nationwide picture of law and legal order. Summarized data should take into account regional specifics. When studying the issue, it is appropriate to divide the country into at least two territories: rear areas not affected by the warfare and combat or occupation zone. Morevover, criminal statistics of the Smolensk region, where the vast majority of population were rural residents, differs significantly from the industrial areas of the country.

К вопросу о британском присутствии в Египте: бизнес фирмы «Томас Кук и сын» в оценке современников (последняя треть XIX века)

The purpose of the study is to determine how the development of the tourism business of Thomas Cook and Son in the Nile Valley influenced the perception and assessment of contemporaries of the British presence in Egypt at the end of the 19th century. The relevance of the analyzed problem lies in the fact that the study of the history of tourism in the era of New imperialism allows us to supplement our understanding of the representations of the empire and private busi-ness and their mutual influence. It is substantiated that, according to the views of contemporaries, the activities of the company contributed to the creation of conditions for the economic develop-ment of Egypt, opened these territories to the world, providing free movement along the Nile, and contributed to the spread of the English language, making this country more “civilized” in the eyes of Europeans. We conclude that, at the same time, the handbooks of the company broadcasted the achievements of the imperial policy of Great Britain, reinforcing the idea of the positive conse-quences of the British occupation for Egypt. It is concluded that the commercial success of private business became a visible manifestation of the success of the England’s civilizing mission. The research materials can be used to further study the relationship between the development of mass tourism and the colonial policy of Great Britain.

The Demographic Processes in the South of the RSFSR during the Great Patriotic War

This article explores demographical processes during the Great Patriotic War in the southern regions of the RSFSR: in the Krasnodar Krai and Ordzhonikidze (Stavropol) Krai, Rostov Oblast, Stalingrad Oblast, and Astrakhan Oblast. The study is based on published and archival documents from the Central Statistical Administration under the Council of Ministers of the USSR Fund in the Russian State Archive of Economics. Demographic dynamics in the southern regions of the RSFSR in 1941–1945 had common features with the main demographic trends elsewhere in the RSFSR and the USSR. This was a deterioration in indicators of natural reproduction in the second half of 1941–1942: a decrease in the birth rate and an increase in mortality, including that of children, and a decrease in natural growth in the first half of 1942. At the end of 1942 and the beginning of 1943, the main trends in demographic dynamics changed: the birth rate stabilized at an extremely low level, followed by slow growth, and mortality decreased markedly in comparison with 1942. Regions in the south of the RSFSR differed by more significant scales of population decrease and directly irretrievable losses. The reasons for this were not only the loss of mobilized cohorts, but also demographic consequences of evacuation and Nazi occupation. After occupation, the population of the southern Russian regions amounted to 60–70 % of the pre-war level.

Antidote to Civil War? European ‘small states’ and political legitimacy during World War II

The experience of European small states involved in World War II varied widely. Not all of them entered the war as victims of aggression, and even those that did so did not necessarily share the same dire consequences of warfare and/or foreign occupation; they also exited the war in, sometimes dramatically different ways: a number of small states entered the post-war period relatively peacefully, other were plunged into civil war, while a third category experienced a measure of unrest short of civil strife. It is argued in this paper that, among the factors influencing the outcome of a European small state’s involvement in World War II, the political legitimacy of its government should not be underestimated. The impact of this factor was particularly felt during the sensitive transition period from war and/or occupation into peacetime. Reinterpreting existing material, it is further argued that, during the war, democratic legitimacy increasingly appeared to guarantee a safer ground for both withstanding wartime travails and achieving a relatively smooth restoration of free national institutions, without the risk of civil war.

Historical changes in bivalve growth rates indicate ecological consequences of human occupation in estuaries

Abstract Only 800 years ago, New Zealand became the last major land mass to be settled by humans, leading to environmental degradation and precipitating a decline in indigenous fauna. Such ecological downgrading can alter ecosystem processes and drive down the capacity for remnant ecosystems to withstand the anthropogenic pressures of today. In New Zealand, these impacts are chronicled in a concise and remarkably complete archaeological record and are distinguishable from natural changes due to changing climate. Estuaries are subject to strong environmental gradients that drive productivity and contain critical habitats for key life‐history phases for marine and terrestrial species. Linking land to sea, they host abundant, accessible human resources and are sensitive to anthropogenic environmental modification. Austrovenus stutchburyi is a common filter feeding bivalve in New Zealand estuaries. An important food source for Māori, their shells are abundant in middens. Growth rates of A. stutchburyi are affected by multiple environmental factors, including temperature, salinity, nutrients, and sediment, and are recorded through time as easily measurable annual shell bands. Measuring spatial and temporal variation in growth rate of A. stutchburyi can be used to identify the timing of changes in estuarine conditions. Growth bands were measured in archaeological and modern (AD 1300–present) A. stutchburyi shells from six sites around New Zealand with varying occupational histories. There were no increases in growth rate, and rates declined measurably over time at three sites (up to a 50% reduction in growth per year). This decline was greater at estuaries that had experienced greater catchment modification, indicating that sediment loading due to land clearance was a likely driver of this change. New Zealand's coastline and marine resources are often perceived as wild and pristine. We propose that fundamental changes have occurred in the functioning of coastal marine ecosystems, which constrain its future.

Impactos ambientais pelo uso e ocupação do solo em sub bacias hidrográficas de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil

As alterações promovidas por ações antrópicas em ecossistemas localizados em habitats urbanos vêm gerando a destruição de áreas com grande importância ambiental, como o que ocorre em pequenas bacias hidrográficas que vem sofrendo como consequência constantes episódios de enchentes. Essa pesquisa analisa e discute as consequências do uso e ocupação sobre os atributos de solo estudados permitindo dessa maneira ampliar a discussão sobre as relações entre a expansão urbana e a diminuição das áreas de vegetação e das áreas permeáveis em sub bacias hidrográficas urbanas. Assim, escolheu-se como área de estudo, as sub bacias Rio das Pedras e a do Baixo Anhumas, localizadas em Campinas, São Paulo. Foram analisados, em 2014, 37 pontos ao longo das sub bacias, a fim de caracteriza-los do ponto de vista ambiental, realizando também, coleta de amostras de solo (deformadas e indeformadas) para análises laboratoriais e realização de testes de resistência mecânica a penetração. Em geral, as sub bacias analisadas vêm sofrendo ao longo dos anos processos de fragilização de seus ecossistemas. Esse cenário de impactos antrópicos do solo em ambas as bacias, permite inferir que a ocupação urbana foi a responsável direta pelas alterações e perturbações ambientais sofridas na área.

Entfernung/Reinigung/Entjudung: Důsledky nacistické rasové perzekuce pro profesorský sbor Lékařské fakulty Německé univerzity v Praze, 1938–1945

One of the consequences of the Nazi occupation of the Czech Lands in 1939–1945 was that the careers of many scientists and academics either experienced politically and ideologically driven changes or were forcibly ended. Emigration, racial persecution, or involvement in the resistance movement had a fatal impact on the previously multicultural and multilingual scientific community in the Czech Lands. This had a significant effect also on the medical profession. Using the example of some of its elite representatives, namely university teachers (professors and senior lecturers), one can trace the development of an important part of traditional, linguistically German science and education in the Czech Lands. This study contributes to research focused on description and analysis of changes in the scientific and personnel basis of medical science in the Czech Lands during the period in question. It also adds to our knowledge of development of sciences and scientific institutions, in particular at the Faculty of Medicine of the German University in Prague. This contribution is based on the study of materials kept in both domestic and foreign archives.

Gerrymandering Ukraine? Electoral Consequences of Occupation

The occupation of Crimea and part of the Donbas will prevent roughly 12 percent of Ukrainian voters from participating in elections. These voters voted disproportionately for candidates and parties that supported closer ties with Russia. This article quantifies the changes to the electorate and projects the likely partisan impact. The changes decisively tip the Ukrainian electorate away from the east and south. Candidates and parties can no longer expect to build a national majority primarily in eastern and southern Ukraine, as Viktor Yanukovych did in 2010 and the Party of Regions did in 2012. Anticipating these effects, Ukraine’s government could seek to prolong these voters’ exclusion, while Russia could actually seek to end the occupation to get them re-included. The implication is that various actors could try to “gerrymander” the entire Ukrainian state, a phenomenon that previously has only been explored at the district level, within states. This raises the broader question of how electoral effects shape the many territorial disputes around the world.

Polityka państw bałtyckich wobec Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i III Rzeszy na przełomie marca i kwietnia 1939 roku w ocenie wileńskiej ekspozytury oddziału II Sztabu Głównego Wojska Polskiego

Polish military intelligence had prepared a lot of analysis about political and military situations in the countries around the Republic of Poland. It was a kind of belaying towards potential Polish-German conflict. The issues of the Baltic States were interested a military intelligence’s field station in Vilnius. A few months before the Second World War has begun, Vilnius’s station prepared some analysis of domestic and foreign policy of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. One of them had discussed most important consequences of occupation of Klaipeda by German’s Wehrmacht. Additionally, in these documents, one can be read about multilateral policy of the Baltic Entente.

Accounting assessment of consequences of military operations and occupation of public territories

The article is devoted to the issues of assessing the consequences of military operations and the occupation of state territories in accounting. The analysis of the researches concerning the problems of estimation in accounting is carried out. The normative and legal regulation concerning the options for assessing the objects with which the consequences of hostilities and the occupation of state territories may be related, namely: non-current assets, current assets and receivables. The paper determines the properties of the consequences of military operations and the occupation of state territories, which must be taken into account when evaluating the accounting method as an element. The author develops the register of objects that are connected with military operations and the occupation of state territories, and the form of the act on revaluation of the object of non-current assets. The procedure for the assessing the consequences of emergencies and the occupation of state territories is proposed; the procedure takes into account the six stages and provides for the application of different types of assessment.

Consequences of Ca multisite occupation for the conducting properties of BaTiO3

In combination with the dielectric modulus formalism and theoretical calculations, a newly developed defect incorporation mode, which is a combination of the standard A- and B-site doping mechanisms, is used to explain the conducting properties in 5 mol% Ca-doped BaTiO3. Simulation results for Ca solution energies in the BaTiO3 lattice show that the new oxygen vacancy inducing mixed mode exhibits low defect energies. A reduction in dc conductivity compared with undoped BaTiO3 is witnessed for the incorporation of Ca. The conducting properties of 5 mol% Ca-doped BaTiO3 are analyzed using molecular dynamics and impedance spectroscopy. The ionic conductivity activation energies for each incorporation mode are calculated and good agreement with experimental data for oxygen migration is observed. The likely existence of the proposed defect configuration is also analyzed on the basis of these methods.

Mujer, terapia y resistencia: espacios posibles.

The impact of political violence on individuals, families and communities can be extensive. As with the Saharawi people, suffering for 38 years the consequences of an illegal occupation by the government of Morocco. Common therapeutic intervention and especially art therapy can provide an effective means of expressing, making meaning of, and at times transforming the resulting experiences of fear, loss, separation, instability and disruption in these hostile