Effects Of Labor Migration Research Articles

Southern Thailand’s crossroads: conflict and economic repercussions

This study examines the interrelation between prolonged conflict and economic stagnation in Southern Thailand, focusing on the government’s role in mitigating these issues. It explores the deep-rooted historical, cultural, and political complexities that contribute to the region’s unrest and economic underperformance compared to the national average. Emphasizing the post-2004 escalation of violence, this research analyzes the detrimental impact on key economic sectors like tourism and agriculture and the consequences of labor migration and investment trends. The study evaluates the effectiveness of the Thai government’s multifaceted peacebuilding and economic recovery initiatives, from infrastructure development to community engagement programs, and security measures. It highlights the challenges of ensuring long-term economic growth, inclusive development, and effective project implementation. Finally, the study underscores the need for strategies that transcend theoretical frameworks, advocating for approaches grounded in on-the-ground intelligence and cultural awareness to foster sustainable peace and economic development in conflict-affected regions.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СХЕМ ТРУДОВОЇ МІГРАЦІЇ ТА ЇЇ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ НАСЛІДКІВ В УЗБЕКИСТАНІ

Formulation of the problem. Labor migration has emerged as a significant socioeconomic phenomenon in Uzbekistan, impacting both the sending regions within the country and the receiving countries abroad. This research paper aims to analyze the patterns of labor migration within Uzbekistan and to other countries, while also assessing its socioeconomic implications. The purpose of the article is to analyze and evaluate the schemes of labor migration in Uzbekistan, taking into account their socio-economic consequences, as well as studying the volume of labor migration, the main directions and motivations of migrants, determining the impact of this phenomenon on the economy, the labor market, the social sphere and other aspects of public life in Uzbekistan. The object of the study is labor migration schemes and their socio-economic consequences in the context of Uzbekistan. The methodological basis and information base of the research are current scientific and applied research, statistical information. The article uses a number of methods, including analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization. The main hypothesis of the study is that the analysis of labor migration schemes and their consequences will reveal the key factors that influence this process and its impact on the economy, the labor market, the social sphere and other aspects of public life in Uzbekistan. We assume that such an analysis will allow us to develop effective strategies and policies to optimize labor migration in order to ensure sustainable socio-economic development of the country. Presenting main material. The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of labor migration data and qualitative interviews with migrants and relevant stakeholders. By understanding the drivers and consequences of labor migration, this research provides valuable insights for policymakers to design effective strategies that maximize the benefits and minimize the challenges associated with labor mobility. The originality and practical significance of the study lies in a comprehensive approach to the analysis of labor migration schemes and its socio-economic consequences in the context of Uzbekistan, new insights into the relationship between labor migration and the country's development, revealing the peculiarities of this phenomenon in the Uzbek context. The practical significance of this article is that it can serve as a basis for the development of effective strategies and policies for the management of labor migration in Uzbekistan. Conclusions of the study can be useful for governmental and non-governmental organizations dealing with issues of migration and socio-economic development. The findings of the study indicate the need to develop comprehensive programs to support migrants, as well as the need to reform the labor migration management system in Uzbekistan in order to ensure sustainable development of the country and improve the quality of life of migrants and their families.

Migration in Central Asian Countries in the Context of EEU Integration and New International Realities

Integration processes in the Eurasian space are the result of the evolution and transformation of approaches to cooperation and rapprochement of the members of the association, including the convergence of the development of all “four freedoms” of the EEU (movement of goods, movement of services, movement of labor and movement of capital). The EEU is now the only effective economic integration association in Eurasia, and the migration component is one of the key aspects that influences the other three and increases the integration potential of Central Asian countries that are not members of the associations. This study is aimed at analyzing the integration potential of Central Asian countries through the prism of existing and possible migration effects. The study carried out an overview analysis of the potential of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, the possibility of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan joining the EEU, with an emphasis on the potential and role of labor migration for these countries in the context of the EEU. The relevance of the study is due not only to the importance of economic integration processes in the Eurasian space through the prism of migration effects for Central Asia, but also in general in the context of gaining important experience, processes of unification and raising common standards throughout the Eurasian space, and in particular, in the migration field. The effects of labor migration within the EEU for Central Asia will not only be indicators of rapprochement and integration, but also the expansion of cooperation in general at the regional and interregional level. Such experience is also important for the EAEU, since it is important for the Union, along with expanding the list of economic partners, to develop new mechanisms for coordinating labor migration.

The Effects of Labor Migration and OFW Remittances on the Level of Poverty in the Philippines

Global labor mobility and Overseas Filipino workers have been a topic of interest due to its rapid growth and its apparent links with development goals. Among the 197 countries in the world, the Philippines has one of the highest rates of migration. In this paper, the researchers have examined the statistical relationship between migration and poverty through a study, using panel data from the years 2006, 2008, 2012, 2015, and 2018 in the Philippines. Specifically, the paper examined the degree of impact of migration on poverty using the GINI coefficient and GRDP as determinants for poverty, whilst Remittances is the constant variable used. The study aimed to determine whether remittances reduce poverty as Overseas Filipino Workers continue to increase yearly. The end results showed that there is a relationship amongst poverty, international labor migration, and remittances via the fixed panel data done but show a low significance level among the said variables. Thus, there is a relationship within the variables but a low significance level to the poverty in the Philippines.

EXTERNAL LABOR MIGRATION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR THE LABOR MARKET OF UKRAINE

Abstract. This paper reports a study into the trends and patterns of the impact of external labor migration on the effectiveness of the functioning of Ukraine’s labor market, as well as defining those areas where migration processes could be coordinated in order to preserve the labor potential of this country. The scale and characteristics of the external labor migration in Ukraine have been considered. A tendency has been identified towards increasing the number of potential labor migrants among the population of Ukraine. The main destinations for migrant workers are the EU, primarily Poland, Italy, and the Czech Republic. It was found that the main labor migrants are men aged 30 to 49 with secondary and secondary specialized education, which indicates a significant outflow of «labor» from Ukraine. The main motives that encourage Ukrainians to work abroad have been determined. The main one has been investigated, related to the low level of wages in Ukraine, which is several times lower than the level of remuneration in the recipient countries. The positive and negative consequences of labor migration for Ukraine as a labor donor country have been given. Among the direct positive consequences, the main ones are the reduction of pressure on the labor market and the decrease in unemployment. Among the negative ones is the migration of the most active part of the labor force, the migration of young people and the most qualified specialists, which causes a shortage of labor in Ukraine’s labor market. The ways to improve the coordination of migration processes have been proposed, in order to preserve the labor potential of this country. The first is to improve the information support of the labor migration management process; the second is to promote economic growth and social development in Ukraine. The implementation of these measures could reduce the motivation for labor migration and provide conditions for the return of migrant workers. Keywords: labor migration, migrant, labor outflow, labor market, migration policy. JEL Classіfіcatіon J45, J61, J69 Formulas: 0; fig.: 5; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 23.

Labor migration is associated with lower rates of underweight and higher rates of obesity among left-behind wives in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAmong Bangladeshi men, international labor migration has increased ten-fold since 1990 and rural to urban labor migration rates have steadily increased. Labor migration of husbands has increased household wealth and redefined women’s roles, which have both positively and negatively impacted the health of wives “left behind”. We examined the direct and indirect effects of husband labor migration on chronic disease indicators and outcomes among wives of labor migrants.MethodsWe collected survey, anthropometric, and biomarker data from a random sample of women in Matlab, Bangladesh, in 2018. We assessed associations between husband’s migration and indicators of adiposity and chronic disease. We used structural equation modeling to assess the direct effect of labor migration on chronic disease, undernutrition, and adiposity, and the mediating roles of income, food security, and proportion of food purchased from the bazaar. Qualitative interviews and participant observation were used to help provide context for the associations we found in our quantitative results.FindingsAmong study participants, 9.0% were underweight, 50.9% were iron deficient, 48.3% were anemic, 39.6% were obese, 27.3% had a waist circumference over 35 in., 33.1% had a high whole-body fat percentage, 32.8% were diabetic, and 32.9% had hypertension. Slightly more women in the sample (55.3%) had a husband who never migrated than had a husband who had ever migrated (44.9%). Of those whose husband had ever migrated, 25.8% had a husband who was a current international migrant. Wives of migrants were less likely to be underweight, and more likely to have indicators of excess adiposity, than wives of non-migrants. Protection against undernutrition was attributable primarily to increased food security among wives of migrants, while increased adiposity was attributable primarily to purchasing a higher proportion of food from the bazaar; however, there was a separate path through income, which qualitative findings suggest may be related to reduced physical activity.ConclusionsLabor migration, and particularly international labor migration, intensifies the nutrition transition in Bangladesh through increasing wealth, changing how foods are purchased, and reducing physical activity, which both decreases risk for undernutrition and increases risk for excess adiposity.

Correction to: Consequences of Labour Migration on Wages and Employment: Evidence from India

Correction to: Consequences of Labour Migration on Wages and Employment: Evidence from India

ТАШҚИ МЕҲНАТ МИГРАЦИЯСИНИНГ ПРОГНОЗ КЎРСАТКИЧЛАРИ ВА УНИНГ УСЛУБИЙ АСОСЛАРИ

In this article, the development of the economy of Uzbekistan, migration movement of labor resources, causes, consequences of labor migration, problems, employment problems, migration forecasting indicators, negative and positive aspects of Population migration activity, additional proposals on migration accounting are made and methods of calculating migration are studied.The purpose of the study: to study the trends in the development of labor migration in the Republic of Uzbekistan, to make a clear and accurate interpretation and forecast of the omillarni that affects it.Scientific novelty of the study:1.A new procedure for obtaining information on vacancies, the nature of work, salaries, qualifications (skills)required from foreign employers is proposed;2.On the basis of the models of the forecast of migration to 2025 year, the dynamics of migration is shown, indicating the directions of its regulation

Consequences of Labour Migration on Wages and Employment: Evidence from India

This paper evaluates the impact of migration on the labour market outcomes of non-migrant workers in India using unit-level data from the ‘Employment Unemployment and Migration Survey’ (NSSO 64th Round, 2007–2008). After correcting for endogeneity bias of migration using an instrument variable approach, the overall results of the study suggest that the inflow of migrant workers increases the wages of non-migrant workers but does not affect their employment. Disaggregating the analysis by sectors, the study finds a positive wage effect in the formal sector, which is more pronounced among the high-skilled workers. In the informal sector, the results indicate an adverse employment effect among both high- and low-skilled workers. The positive wage effect in the formal sector suggests complementarity between migrant and non-migrant workers. The adverse employment effect in the informal sector is possibly due to a preference for migrant workers over non-migrant workers. The estimated results are consistent with alternate specifications.

Effects of labor migration on farmers’ soil and water conservation technology adoption decisions: The mediation effect of participation in collective actions

Effects of labor migration on farmers’ soil and water conservation technology adoption decisions: The mediation effect of participation in collective actions

Simulation modeling of taxpayers’ behavior on the labor market in Ukraine

The article analyzes some components of the shadow economy using the example of modern Ukraine. The purpose of article is to predict the behavior of the economically active population when choosing an employment option using an agent-based simulation model. The work uses the methods of theoretical generalization, retrospective analysis – to study the theoretical aspects of socio-economic relations at the enterprise; system analysis, agent-based modeling – to develop a decision-making model in the labor market. The proposed algorithm of taxpayer behavior is based on studies of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of shadow economy and informal employment. Particular attention is paid to the national economic mentality as an important factor which determines the trajectory of the country’s development. As a substantiation of the subject’s behavior on the labor market, it is proposed to use the model of decision-making by a taxpayer, developed by M. Ellingham. When constructing an algorithm for the behavior of an employee, the demographic situation in Ukraine, the causes and consequences of labor migration, and the mental characteristics of the population were analyzed. The novelty of the proposed model lies in the fact that it takes into account the dependence of the taxpayer’s utility curve on the taxpayer’s age. The developed model was applied to forecasting of the demographic situation in Ukraine, and to estimation of the population participation in the informal economy sector.

Facilitation of small business development as a means of combating labour migration

The undeniable relevance of the research stems from the intensification of the migration crisis in Ukraine and the increase in the number of migrant workers to 100 thousand people per month. The main trends, causes and consequences of labour migration from Ukraine prove the need to find new tools that can prevent an increase in the flow of migrant workers. The object of the study is the process of facilitating small business development, which is considered as a priority means of combating labour migration in Ukraine. The practical value of the obtained research results lies in the possibility of their application in the Ukrainian realities and the solution of the migration crisis problem by improving the economic conditions of the most mass stratum of business entities. The list of facilitation and deregulation measures for small business entities formed on the basis of diagnostics of the current legal framework allowed to conduct a critical reforms analysis, identify "bottlenecks" and problems of legislative implementation. The author verified that the provision of financial and credit support to small business entities under the soft loan program is feasible only if quality monitoring of the targeted use of funds is provided. Due to the calculations, the size of an additional limiting parameter to the applicants' business plans was determined, in particular, the return on capital investment of not less than 10%. Thus, the need for this percentage entails the lack or insufficient quality of monitoring.

The Effect of Labor Migration on Farmers’ Cultivated Land Quality Protection

Since the reform and opening up, a large proportion of the Chinese rural labor force has transferred to urban and non-agricultural industries. Rural labor transfer not only changes the allocation of household labor in agricultural and non-agricultural sectors but also affects the utilization of other agricultural production factors. Based on data from 818 households in three counties in northern Jiangsu province, this paper analyzed the impact of labor migration on farmers’ adoption of cultivated land quality protection (CLQP) behaviors. The survey results showed that farmers’ awareness of CLQP was still very weak, and the proportion of farmers adopting measures such as subsoiling, straw application, cover crops and green manures and the complementary use of organic fertilizers was still relatively low. The empirical results showed that perennial out-migration for work can constrain households’ protective inputs into soil conservation, but part-time farming locally can promote households’ inputs. The results also showed that farmer characteristics, farming conditions and external environment also significantly affected the farmers’ adoption of soil conservation practices. According to these conclusions, this paper puts forward the corresponding policy implications.

Gender open university as a platform for continuous gender education: experience in the development of innovative educational practices in Ukraine

In the article the relevance and necessity of overcoming gender stereotypes, regarding the distribution types of labor and areas of work, the development of effective mechanisms for promoting female leadership and non-discriminatory practices in choosing human development strategies within the labor sphere in Ukraine are substantiated in the context of searching the ways to reduce the negative consequences of labor migration in Ukraine. The system of non-formal adult education plays an extremely important role in introducing the concept of general gender education into life, as a focused process of developing a person throughout life through the implementation of educational programs and services, and educational and informational activities within and outside higher education. The problem of creating the innovative structure of non-formal adult education, reducing the negative impact of gender stereotypes in the labor sphere, attracting to a competitive activity in various public spheres those segments of the population that have traditionally been the object of labor discrimination and deprivation (women, persons with disabilities, elderly people, migrants, etc.) is becoming relevant in Ukraine.To overcome the gender discrimination and ensure the process of continuous gender education of the population, an innovative partnership project “Gender Open University” was introduced for the first time in Ukraine. Its goal was to overcome the consequences of gender discrimination in the social and labor sphere, to prevent the spread of gender stereotypes and discriminatory practices in the field of social protection and labor relations through continuous gender education of social specialists and the general public.The project is designed for a long-term result - the creation and systematic functioning of an innovative educational structure to increase the level of gender literacy and culture of social workers as a factor in preventing the leakage of labor resources, mitigating the effects of labor migration through the involvement of new traditionally deprived social groups in labor activity

Labor Migration and People’s Political and Economic Views in Transition Countries

In this study, we focus on the effects of labor migration on the economic and political views of people in European, Caucasian, and Central Asian transition countries. During 30 years of transition, people’s views towards transition have demonstrated substantial variations from supports to oppositions. Labor migration can play roles in shaping their views. It can promote supports for transition by providing knowledges and norms related to liberal and democratic systems from foreign countries, a mechanism known as social remittances. However, transition countries also receive immigrants and the economic pressure associated with immigrants can reduce the supports. With survey data covering 27 transition countries and three years, 2006, 2010, and 2016, and remittance flow data as proxies for labor migration intensities, we empirically examine how sending and receiving labor migrants affect the preferences for a market economy and democracy. Our main findings are (i) that sending labor emigrants increases people’s preferences for a market economy but (ii) that receiving immigrants reduces those for a market economy and democracy. The former effect is observed in countries from which labor emigrants head to Western European countries, suggesting the roles of social remittances. Conversely, with immigrants, people increase their demand for governmental interventions and skeptic views towards democracy.

PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF MIGRATION BY THE POPULATION OF THE FINNO-UGRIC REPUBLICS OF RUSSIA (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM MARI EL, MORDOVIA, KOMI, UDMURTIA)

The article is an analysis of the results of sociological surveys conducted by its authors in Mari El, Mordovia, Komi, Udmurtia in the fall of 2018.The study was conducted according to the methodology of the Ethnological Monitoring and Early Warning Conflict Network of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences and was aimed at identifying and assessing conflict and integration, the potential of the local population in the field of migration relations. On the whole, these polls revealed a rather high degree of tolerance of the residents of these republics towards migrants, including foreign workers from Central Asia. Manifestations of migrant phobia in figures and comments reflected the opinion of a smaller part of respondents, which, however, is a significant proportion. Respondents indicated both positive and negative aspects and consequences of labor migration. Most respondents are still inclined to consider migration as a positive phenomenon. As recommendations, it is necessary to indicate the need for further intensification and further improvement of measures aimed at helping to adapt and stimulating the process of integration of labor migrants of various ethnic groups into regional societies. Informing migrants about the cultural features of the “host country”, involving them in national and local events and holidays (City Day, Russia Day, various ethnocultural festivals) should be carried out more often, also, being more consistent and less formal is also favorable. In addition, do not underestimate the potential of traditional faiths that “patronize” migrants. In addition to the socio-economic context, the effective integration of migrants is an important incentive for cultural development and for the development of dialogue of cultures.

International labor migration and its impact on national economies

I t is a recognized fact that migration is one of the most important and significant conditions for the successful functioning of the labor market. This article discusses issues related not only to simple migration, but also directly with the international migration of labor. In particular, its impact on the labor supply of national economies has been analyzed, including the impact of labor migration on the formation of the domestic labor market and the total labor potential of society and the state. Directions of interrelation of migration of the population in a key of influence on national economies of the States have been allocated and analyzed.This paper, among other things, provides a classification of modern international migration, identifies five main types of such migration. Studies have been carried out on the dependence and further impact of the type of migration on the domestic economies of States and the international economic situation as a whole. As a result, we consider the positive and negative consequences of labor migration and immigration of the population, as well as their further impact on the reorganization of national economies.The study analyzes the aspects of legislative and legal regulation of migration, including the possibility and basis of such processes in the territory of the Russian Federation. The conclusions drawn up in this article allow us to speak about the impossibility of an unambiguous interpretation of the impact of labor migration on the social and economic indicators of States, since at the same time there are both negative and positive criteria that equally have a direct impact on the categories in the development of international labor migration.

Labor market security in the light of external labor migration: new theoretical findings

Conceptualizing the consequences of external labor migration for the development of the labor market of the receiving territory is an extremely important and relevant area for studying migration effects. It develops in parallel with the intensification of labor migration processes in the world, the expansion of the methodological tools and the information base of research. The subject of this paper is the impact of external labor migration on the labor market security. The study aims to substantiate the relevance of a new interdisciplinary approach to the study of the effects of labor migration on the host labor market, namely the analysis of risks and threats, labor market security factors in the sphere of external labor migration. The study is carried out using methods of systematization and classification, general dialectical methods. The analysis suggests that labor market security in the sphere of external labor migration can act as an independent area of research for migratory consequences in labor markets. It relies upon the findings of national security studies and the established directions for studying the impact of external labor migration on the labor market of the recipient territory

Negative-Selection Migration and Education Investment: Theory and Empirical Investigation on the Roles of Parental Remittances and Children's Future Migration

This paper examines the effect of labor migration on education investment in migrant-sending countries in negative-selection circumstances. Negative-selection migration has two conflicting effects. On one hand, individuals in prospect of future migration lose education incentives (the prospect effect). On the other hand, parental migration provides remittances and facilitates education investment (the remittance effect). Whether migration overall encourages or discourages education investment is intuitively ambiguous. The theoretical results present two scenarios. In the optimistic scenario, the remittance effect plays the main role and migration overall encourages education investment. In the pessimistic scenario, the prospect effect plays the main role and migration overall reduces education investment. The pessimistic scenario is likely to occur if education quality is low and the cost to obtain large human capital is large, which seemingly match the circumstances in developing countries. The empirical investigation uses data from Tajikistan and takes advantage of a rapid and exogenous increase of migration in that country. The results match the pessimistic scenario: Migration overall reduces education investment. Although parental migration raises education investment, the prospect effect reduces it regardless of parental migration status.

ТРУДОВА МІГРАЦІЯ ЯК ЧИННИК ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ РИНКУ ПРАЦІ

The article presents the study results of the labor migration impact on the social and economic development of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to identify the opportunities and threats associated with labor migration and to formulate mechanisms that will facilitate the integration of the domestic labor market into the EU labor market. The study was conducted through the processing of the Ukrainian legislation, as well as international conventions of other normative acts, scientific publications on labor relations and migration, data of state statistics. As a result of the study, the reasons for the intensification of labor migration, the main areas of employment of the Ukrainians abroad are determined. The research showed that the main reason for labor migration is the lack of jobs and low wages. The common risks of migrant workers labor and social rights violation, such as informal employment, discrimination in wages, etc. are analyzed. The research identified opportunities and threats for migrants and society caused by the labor migration. More over, working abroad allows an individual not only to improve the financial position, but also to get new knowledge anf obtain professional skills, thus, increasing his own value in the labor market. The labor and social rights protection mechanism of the Ukrainians working abroad is offered. Further wage level increase, the development of small and medium-sized businesses, and the vocational training quality improvement will contribute to minimizing the possible negative consequences of labor migration for the society. The implementation of the mechanisms proposed in the article will contribute to the integration of the Ukrainian labor market into the EU’s single labor market, allowing Ukrainian citizens to equal successfully realization of their professional and career ambitions both in their own country and abroad.