Abstract
Abstract. This paper reports a study into the trends and patterns of the impact of external labor migration on the effectiveness of the functioning of Ukraine’s labor market, as well as defining those areas where migration processes could be coordinated in order to preserve the labor potential of this country. The scale and characteristics of the external labor migration in Ukraine have been considered. A tendency has been identified towards increasing the number of potential labor migrants among the population of Ukraine. The main destinations for migrant workers are the EU, primarily Poland, Italy, and the Czech Republic. It was found that the main labor migrants are men aged 30 to 49 with secondary and secondary specialized education, which indicates a significant outflow of «labor» from Ukraine. The main motives that encourage Ukrainians to work abroad have been determined. The main one has been investigated, related to the low level of wages in Ukraine, which is several times lower than the level of remuneration in the recipient countries. The positive and negative consequences of labor migration for Ukraine as a labor donor country have been given. Among the direct positive consequences, the main ones are the reduction of pressure on the labor market and the decrease in unemployment. Among the negative ones is the migration of the most active part of the labor force, the migration of young people and the most qualified specialists, which causes a shortage of labor in Ukraine’s labor market. The ways to improve the coordination of migration processes have been proposed, in order to preserve the labor potential of this country. The first is to improve the information support of the labor migration management process; the second is to promote economic growth and social development in Ukraine. The implementation of these measures could reduce the motivation for labor migration and provide conditions for the return of migrant workers. Keywords: labor migration, migrant, labor outflow, labor market, migration policy. JEL Classіfіcatіon J45, J61, J69 Formulas: 0; fig.: 5; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 23.
Highlights
The issues related to the processes of external labor migration of the population are becoming increasingly relevant for Ukraine
The purpose of this paper is to study the trends and patterns of the impact of external labor migration on the effectiveness of the labor market functioning in Ukraine and determine directions for improving the regulation of migration processes in order to preserve the labor potential of this country
This study has employed the methods of generalization, comparison, analysis and synthesis to identify key problems of external labor migration; secondary analysis of sociological data — to identify the motives of labor migration, the positive and negative consequences of labor migration of Ukrainians; graphical method — for data visualization and schematic representation of the main provisions of this research
Summary
The issues related to the processes of external labor migration of the population are becoming increasingly relevant for Ukraine. Given the significant deterioration in employment and earnings opportunities in Ukraine, including due to the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine measures, one should hardly expect a decrease in the intensity of external labor migrations in the near future. Under these conditions, it is necessary to try to make the most of labor migration in the interests of the development of Ukrainian society and minimize its possible negative consequences
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