Effects Of International Migration Research Articles

Consequences of international migration: A qualitative study on stress among Polish migrant workers in Scotland

This article aims to gain a greater understanding of the personal experiences of Polish migrant workers who work in manual and low-skilled jobs in Scotland, and to explore the experiences of stress and its impact on physical and psychological health and well-being. Qualitative in-depth interviews and subsequent focus groups. Eight in-depth interviews and two focus groups were conducted in Spring 2007. Data were analysed thematically using Nvivo computer software. The following stress factors were identified: difficulties with communication, unfamiliarity with the new environment and culture, work-related stress, practical stress, and social stress. Several respondents gave accounts of decreased health, particularly psychological and psychosomatic distress, and attributed this to the variety of stressors and demands on their physical, sociocultural and psychological adaptation abilities. Cross-border migration is a time of transition and demands adjustment by the individual migrant as well as the country of settlement. Due to high acculturative demands and increased vulnerability, migrant workers need to be recognized as a specific target group for health promotion and health services.

The Effect of Internal Migration on Local Labor Markets: American Cities during the Great Depression

The Great Depression offers a unique laboratory to investigate the causal impact of migration on local labor markets. We use variation in the generosity of New Deal programs and extreme weather events to instrument for migrant flows to and from U.S. cities. In-migration had little effect on the hourly earnings of existing residents. Instead, in-migration prompted some residents to move away and others to lose weeks of work or access to relief jobs. For every 10 arrivals, we estimate that 1.9 residents moved out, 2.1 were prevented from finding a relief job, and 1.9 shifted from full-time to part-time work.

Chairperson's Summary of the United Nations General Assembly High-Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development

1. In accordance with paragraph 11 of General Assembly resolution 60/227 of December 23, 2005, the President of the sixty-first session of the General Assembly has the honour to transmit herewith the summary of the first High Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development that the General Assembly conducted on September 14 and 15, 2006, at United Nations Headquarters. 2. The High-level Dialogue was opened by the President of the General Assembly. Her statement was followed by statements from the Secretary General and the President of the Economic and Social Council. The Dialogue included four plenary meetings at which statements were made by high-level officials of 127 Member States, including 1 Vice-President, 47 ministers, and 40 vice-ministers. Representatives of 1 Observer State and 10 intergovernmental entities and organizations having received a standing invitation to participate as observers in the sessions and the work of the Assembly also made statements. 3. Four interactive round tables were held during the afternoon of September 14 and the morning of September 15. Participants in the round tables included 162 high-level representatives of Member States, officials of 16 United Nations agencies, funds, and programs, the Executive Secretaries of 2 United Nations regional commissions, the Director-General of the International Organization for Migration (IOM), and representatives of 12 non-governmental organizations, civil society, and private sector entities. 4. Each round table considered a different topic. Round table 1 focused on the effects of international migration on economic and social development and was chaired by Tarja Filatov, Minister of Labor of Finland. Round table 2 discussed measures to ensure respect for and protection of the human rights of all migrants, and to prevent and combat smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons, and had Francisco Lainez, Minister for Foreign Affairs of El

Remittances and the migration–development nexus—Challenges for the sustainable governance of migration

This paper argues that possible effects of international migration on the environment have to be analysed with respect to both the three dimensions of sustainability and the migration stakeholders. It has recently been put forward that immigration has to be reduced for environmental reasons. In contrast, this paper embarks from the view that reducing immigration is costly, ineffective and ethically troublesome. It argues that there are strong interrelations between development and migration, suggesting that one has to consider development problems when discussing migration. In this context, the enormous amount of remittances of migrant workers could yield considerable potential for promoting sustainable development. Sustainable governance is needed to manage this potential wisely. In doing so, it is essential to consider the migration stakeholders (sending and receiving countries and the migrants themselves) and balance the three dimensions of sustainability.

Internal migrations in Spain, 1877-1930

Industrialisation in European countries caused an increase in both internal migration and emigration. Internal migrants were even more numerous than overseas emigrants. However, few empirical studies have sought to explain internal migrations. This article examines the causes and effects of internal migration in Spain with the aim of answering some of the questions debated in the literature. The results show that internal migrations in Spain were driven by economic forces. Moreover, the lag in rural population transfer can be explained by the scant pull of industrial and urban destinations. The article also shows that internal migrants differed in some respects from the people who emigrated overseas. Finally, the impact of internal migration on labour markets is measured.

Transnationalism or Assimilation

Multiculturalists and transnationalists have combined their analyses of the recent structural effects of international migration with the criticism that the classical frame of analysis in migration research, i.e. analysing of assimilation processes, is not any more appropriate to take adequately into account recent processes of cultural pluralisation and the emergence of transnational spaces. This is mainly attributed to the understanding of society as a nationally closed container seen as one of the problematic assumptions of this approach. Little surprisingly, this is seen very different by researchers interested in assimilation processes (and for reasons of simplification we call them from now on assimilationists) who argue that the paradigm of assimilation research is still the most adequate frame of analysis. They argue that it is still possible and useful to describe as ongoing assimilation processes even the most recent migration phenomena and the consequences linked with them. Hartmut Esser even claims that for migrants there is no serious alternative to assimilation. Access to the most important social resources has become increasingly dependent from access to and success in education and the different education systems are deeply moulded by different national traditions and languages. Ewa Morawska has tried to take a more moderate position in this debate between assimilationists on the one hand and transnationalists and multiculturalists on the other. She has argued that all processes of migration are linked with processes of assimilation as well as with the emergence of transnational structures. In her view migration research is faced with the task of describing the various migrations and the consequences linked with them as different combinations of transnational and assimilative structures and to build typologies of these combinations. In contrast to these positions in this paper it is argued that the debate between assimilationists and transnationalists is based on a false opposition. This is mainly due to the use of unclarified theoretical frames of analysis. The central aim is to demonstrate that the arguments of transnationalists and assimilationists can be systematically reconstructed as two different hypotheses about the structural consequences of recent international migration. If the two hypotheses are formulated within one common and coherent theoretical framework of analysis it can be shown that assimilationism and transnationalism do not necessarily refer to different research approaches but rather to two different and competitive hypotheses about the effects of international migration that, as such, are open to empirical tests.

Estimating the stability of census-based racial/ethnic classifications: The case of Brazil

This study presents a method of estimating the degree to which people change their racial/ethnic identity from one census enumeration to another. The technique is applied to the classification of skin colour in Brazil (white, black, brown, yellow). For the period 1950–80, the findings show a deficit of 38 per cent in the black category and a gain of 34 per cent in the brown category, suggesting that a large proportion of individuals who declared themselves black in 1950 reclassified themselves as brown in 1980. Estimates for 1980–90, adjusted for the effects of international migration, reveal a similar pattern, although the magnitude of colour reclassification may have declined somewhat during the 1980s. Procedures to determine the stability of racial/ethnic identity produce data useful to recent policy initiatives that rely on demographic censuses to measure changes in the status of minority groups in less developed countries.

International migration, income taxes and transfers: a welfare analysis

An important issue in public policy debates is the effect of international migration on welfare in source and host countries. We address this issue by constructing a general equilibrium model of a two-class source or host country. Each country produces many traded and non-traded goods, uses income taxes and distributes the tax receipts equally to all individuals. The analysis examines the effects of permanent migration on class, and national welfare. We show, among other things, that marginal immigration hurts people already in the country regardless of whether or not non-traded goods exist. The presence of international capital mobility, however, may reverse the above result.

Los retos políticos de la inmigración

Since the dawn of the age of mass migration, over a century ago, scholars have provided general explanations and analytical frameworks for the phenomenon of human migration. Immigration has emerged as an important political issue in receiving countries during the ‘90s. In the disciplines and subdisciplines associated with the study of politics and government, including political sociology, political science, public policy and public administration and international relations, only recently has migration emerged as a field of study. This article centres around the political focus in the analysis of international migration and treats the effects of international migration on political boundaries: territorial borders of states (and the question of control) and the impact of immigration on citizenship and the cultural boundaries of political community.

Kinship, Honour, and Money in Rural Pakistan: Subsistence Economy and the Effects of Internal Migration. By Alain Lefebvre. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 1999. 303 pp. $49.00 (cloth).

Kinship, Honour, and Money in Rural Pakistan: Subsistence Economy and the Effects of Internal Migration. By Alain Lefebvre. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 1999. 303 pp. $49.00 (cloth).

Effects of International Migration on the Family in Indonesia

This paper draws upon various studies of internal and international migration and permanent and temporary movements to assess the diverse effects of migration on families in Indonesia. The types of effects examined include those on family structure and composition, family headship, marriage and divorce, intergenerational and intrafamily relationships, care of children and the aged, the economic situation of the family, the role and status of women and power relationships in the family. Both migration and the family are in a very dynamic situation and there are important two-way relationships between them. International migration has both positive and negative influences on families in Indonesia. It is important to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between migration and family to maximize the benefits and at least ameliorate the negative effects.

International Migration, Income Taxes and Transfers: A Welfare Analysis

An important issue in public policy debates is the effect of international migration on welfare in source and host countries. We address this issue by constructing a general equilibrium model of a two-class source or host country. Each country produces many traded and non-traded goods, uses income taxes and distributes the tax receipts equally to all individuals. The analysis examines the effects of permanent migration on class, and national welfare. We show, among other things, that marginal immigration hurts people already in the country regardless of whether or not non-traded goods exist. The presence of international capital mobility, however, may reverse the above result.

A comparative analysis of India and other Asian countries based on science, technology and development indicators

A comparison of indicators of research publication, patenting and education in India and countries in the newly industrialised Asian region reveals striking differences in each of these areas. These serve to illustrate the different outcomes of policies adopted in these regions, which are briefly discussed. We suggest that systemic aspects in the development of S&T and manpower resources, including the effects of international migration, could underlie the causes of divergence in the economic growth pattern of these regions emphasising the role of planning, evaluation of policy and governmental intervention in steering development in the desired direction. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.

The effects of internal migration on the relative economic status of women and men

This article examines recent internal migration patterns for the United States workforce and contrasts household earnings outcomes for movers and nonmovers by sex and marital status. Three aspects of how migration affects the relative economic status of women and men are considered: 1) the importance of relative economic opportunities for husband and wife for the decision as to whether or not to move; 2) actual economic outcomes for movers relative to nonmovers; and 3) the effect of moving on relative earnings within married-couple households. We find that the decision to move is consistent with a common preference model of household decisionmaking and that the recently available range of opportunities to migrate has had little effect on the earnings composition of married-couple and single male households, but has benefited single women.

Shifting Spaces. Women, Citizenship and Migration within the European Union

This text traces the development of European citizenship through an examination of the gender dimension of internal migration: i.e. what are the effects of internal migration within the European Union on the lives of women immigrants?

International Migration Statistics: Guidelines for Improving Data Collection Systems.

purpose of this book is to help countries generate relevant and more meaningful data on international migration. The authors cover a wide range of conceptual and analytical issues related to the measurement of stock and flows of international migrants and problems concerning international comparability of migration data. They discuss the potentials and weaknesses of existing data collection systems [including censuses population registers border statistics and residence and work permit systems] and provide guidance on how to develop and disseminate statistics on international migration. book analyses the measurement of migrants remittances and problems associated with this as well as ways of gathering remittances data. Attention is also given to specially designed surveys for use in examining the determinants and consequences of international migration. Examination of these issues is crucial for developing realistic and cost-effective migration policies. (EXCERPT)

Internal Migration of the Foreign-Born: Population Concentration or Dispersion?

Recent analyses of the 1990 census migration data have pointed to the different demographic effects of internal migration and immigration. States and metropolitan areas either have large population gains through immigration or internal migration, but rarely both, leading to what has been labeled as an increasing demographic ‘balkanization’ of the U.S. population. This paper explores the proposition that the internal migration of the foreign-born (pre-1985 arrivals) is likely to reinforce the demographic effects of immigration. Analysis is based on the five-percent Public Use Microdata file of the U.S. Census, with the demographic effects evaluated at both the state and metropolitan area levels. Distinctions were also made between nineteen separate national origin groups, increasing the detail of the analysis. Despite high internal migration rates and large net migration, there was little change in the overall distribution and concentration of the foreign-born population between 1985 and 1990. More important, however, distinctions were found across the national origin groups. While secondary migration leads to dispersion among some groups, other groups were becoming increasingly concentrated, suggesting that demographic balkanization of the American population is more variable than the literature would suggest.

The Effect of International Migration on Religious Observance and Attitudes in Turkey

As part of a larger inquiry into the consequences of international migration for those who remain in the country of origin, detailed interviews were conducted with 234 adults in four Turkish provinces. Three migrant-status categories were defined: (a) Returned migrants, (b) Nonmigrant close kin or friends of migrants, and, as a control group, (c) All others. With respect to religious observance and adherence to religiously based viewpoints, group (a) was the least traditional, and group (c) the most traditional. In between was group (b). Of the two possible explanations for such a pattern - recruitment and socialization - recruitment appeared highly significant. The evidence for socialization, however, was mixed. General social change, not migration as such, would appear to be the more likely factor to move individuals' religious observance and attitudes along a traditional/non-traditional continuum. R eligious identification keeps cropping up as an attribute of potentially large-scale and profound behavioral significance - whether the focus is on religious group differences in modern democratic politics or the recent expansion of Islamic 'fundamentalism; whether on the bloodshed associated, this century, with the separation of India and Pakistan, the dismemberment of Yugoslavia, or the persistent fratricide in Northern Ireland or, in earlier centuries, with the Crusades and the Wars of Religion. The question posed here is whether recent, massive increases in international migration could reinforce personal religious identification and, in consequence, increase the frequency and intensity of religious observance - and just possibly (though we are in no position to test the proposition here) increase also the likelihood of one's engaging in various secular practices (ranging from voting patterns to the commission of terrorist acts) associated with religious identification. Whether permanent or temporary, migration can be highly stressful (the classic statement on this is Handlin 1951). Whatever its consequences for those in the receiving society, for both migrants and those of their kin and friends who remain in the society of origin migration holds out the possibility of encountering a variety of stress-producing forces: the separation of spouses and of parents and children, the loss of friends, extensive contact with another culture, the absence of reinforcements for one's prior heritage as well as encounters with constraints on behaviors associated with that heritage, notable increases in wealth and income, more material possessions, the experience of coping with the unfamiliar and of doing so in the absence of prior social supports, and the formation of competing social networks and emotional ties. The experience of emigration holds out, in short - especially for the migrant, but also for those of the migrant's close network who remain behind - the

Book Review: Germany for the Germans? The Political Effects of International Migration

Book Review: Germany for the Germans? The Political Effects of International Migration

Germany for the Germans? The Political Effects of International Migration.

Germany for the Germans? The Political Effects of International Migration.