Consequences Of Emergency Situations Research Articles

Some aspects of tactical medicine in service and combat activities of police officers under the conditions of the legal regime of martial state: problem issues in critical situations and combat conditions

The article highlights the problematic issues of tactical training of law enforcement officers in today’s conditions, considers the actual problems and challenges that law enforcement officers may face during the performance of official duties and the provision of first aid in combat conditions and emergency situations. The issue of the interaction of the National Police of Ukraine with other rescue services at the scene for the effective provision of first aid was considered. It is noted that the interaction of the police and other rescue services at the scene of the event in the conditions of martial law requires a special approach and careful planning. It is necessary to ensure a clear coordination of actions, an appropriate level of protection for the personnel of the rescue services, and to take into account the peculiarities of work in the conditions of hostilities. Effective interaction between different services will minimize the consequences of emergency situations and ensure the safety of the population in the conditions of martial law. The article highlights the algorithm of actions for providing assistance to injured persons by police officers under fire, considers the key issues of training law enforcement officers to provide effective first aid in conditions of martial law or extreme situations in general. The authors of the article emphasize the importance of unified training programs for police officers in tactical medicine, which should include both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Special attention is paid to ensuring a high level of readiness of police officers for quick and effective response to emergency situations and saving lives in the conditions of an aggravated conflict. Service situations in which police officers may find themselves are often accompanied by conflicts and their escalation, up to “fire contact” with the offender. Therefore, for the training of police officers, the section of tactical medicine is the most relevant, which teaches the basic skills of providing self- and mutual aid in combat conditions, which are primarily aimed at eliminating the preventive causes of death, taking into account the threat from combat operations or an active shooter. Unfortunately, there are infamous cases of the death of police officers while performing law enforcement tasks, which indicates the need for mandatory integration of first aid standards into their training and operations in various tactical situations. In addition, it is important to note that training police officers in tactical medicine will not only help them provide effective care to victims, but will also increase their level of safety while performing their duties. Therefore, unified training programs for police officers in tactical medicine should be an integral part of the training of law enforcement officers.

Training of police actions in emergency situations in war conditions

The article expands the theoretical and practical understanding of the state of civil security in the conditions of war and the problems of systematic purposeful training of police officers on actions in emergency situations, as well as organizational measures to solve them. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the scientific and theoretical foundations and develop practical recommendations for the organization of systematic training of police officers for actions in emergency situations in war conditions. The understanding of the tasks of the National Police during the response and liquidation of the consequences of emergency situations has been improved, it is emphasized that in wartime they perform not only purely law enforcement (police) functions, but also the tasks of civil protection of the population. It is proven that in order to ensure the systematicity of this process, the training of police officers in the specified direction should begin from the moment of their education in institutions of higher education with specific training conditions. Outlined forms of acquisition of theoretical knowledge and/or skills by students (cadets) of higher education institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs regarding actions in emergency situations. It was established that systematic and purposeful training of cadets (police officers) on actions in emergency situations (on matters of civil protection), in accordance with the requirements of the current legislation, especially in specialty 081 «Law», as well as at the second (master’s) level of higher education in institutions of higher education education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine is not happening now. The inclusion in the educational and professional programs for the training of cadets (police) in specialties 081 «Law», 262 «Law enforcement» at the first and second levels of higher education is substantiated by mandatory components of such educational disciplines as «Life safety», «Civil protection», «Pre-medical training», «Planning and management of civil protection measures».

КОНСТИТУЦИОННЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ПРЕДОТВРАЩЕНИЯ ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫХ СИТУАЦИЙ

Some norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation are considered, which together form the basis for the prevention of natural and man-made emergencies, as a legal foundation for the protection of human life and health, and other legally protected values. The mapping of constitutional norms to some provisions of the main federal laws, acts of the President of the Russian Federation and resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation, their connection with the functional and territorial systems of the unified state system for the prevention and elimination of consequences of emergency situations is carried out. The powers of the highest institutions of state power – the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation – are considered from the perspective of state discipline. The constitutional principle of harmonization of mutual relations at the federal level and at the level of Russian regions is touched upon. Possession of the constitutional legal apparatus is presented as a condition for preventing cases of discrepancies and conflicts in legislative acts or departmental regulatory legal acts. The directions of development and improvement of regulatory segments that require a new scientific and legal rethinking and revision in the course of further legal work in the field of regulation are presented.

ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ПАРЛАМЕНТСКОЙ АССАМБЛЕИ ОДКБ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ВЫЗОВОВ И УГРОЗ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

The article describes the activities of the CSTO Parliamentary Assembly in the context of new challenges and threats to security, and shows the priorities of activities for 2021–2025. The article highlights the adopted model laws of the CSTO and recommendations on the harmonization of legislation of the CSTO member states in various areas: collective security and peacekeeping potential of the CSTO, information security and digital sovereignty, prevention and elimination of consequences of emergency situations. It is concluded that the new priorities of the CSTO Parliamentary Assembly are the legal regulation of economic and biomedical security, the use of artificial intelligence, security in cyberspace and in the context of digitalization. Ensuring electoral sovereignty and political stability in the CSTO member states in the face of attempts to delegitimize elections, as well as countering the spread of nazism and its manifestations, are becoming important areas.

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF FRIT VISCOSITY ON THE MELTING CHARACTERISTICS OF GLAZES FOR SINGLE-FIRED CERAMIC TILES

The need to expand the assortment of ceramic tiles and ceramic granite by modifying the structure and texture of glass coatings with special properties using the technology of one-time firing, taking into account the aspects of resource and energy saving and environmental friendliness of widely used finishing materials, is analyzed. The need to create new types of ceramic tiles and ceramic granite in domestic production, taking into account the needs of the fuel and energy complex and the domestic raw material base in the event of emergency situations, has been determined. The purpose and tasks of the work are formulated, which determine the need to study the fusible characteristics of glazes and their viscosity for ceramic tiles for one-time firing. The peculiarities of frit compositions are analyzed and the requirements for surface properties are established to ensure a defect-free glaze coating for one-stage firing of ceramic tiles. High-calcium zinc aluminum silicate frits with a short interval of formation of a vitreous coating during single firing with different textures on PJSC «Kharkiv Tile Plant». The change in the characteristics of the change in viscosity and melting point of frit during the formation of glass-crystalline coatings, depending on the chemical composition and phase transformations during heat treatment, was analyzed. It was determined that ensuring crystallization viscosity η = 108,1-8,5 Pa·s in the area of ​​nucleation temperatures 1050-1150 °С for experimental frits indicates intensive formation and growth of crystalline phases and is decisive for ensuring their melting in the range of temperatures 1100 -1200 °С. It was established that the rapid increase in the viscosity of frit determines the rapid change in the characteristic melting curves in a narrow temperature range when ensuring successive stages of softening, forming a sphere, a hemisphere and melting is an indicator of the possibility of using the developed frits by single firing technology. The use of developed frits in single firing technology will significantly increase the competitiveness of domestic ceramic tiles and contribute to the stabilization of the market in the conditions of sustainable development of the country.

Моделирование оценки риска пожара на резервуаре хранения нефтепродуктов

The purpose of the study is to assess the consequences of emergency situations in real danger, it is necessary to carry out studies to determine the degree of risk of accidents in the form of fires and explosions on technological equipment for processing and storage of petroleum products. When operating oil tanks, it is recommended to use the «fault tree» method to predict failures or failures’. This method is a logical-probabilistic model of the causal relationship of a tank fire with defects in its elements and other events. This will allow you to use the modeling method to determine the probability of an event using an analytical or statistical distribution function of a random variable representing a real event. Using the «fault tree», you can calculate the probability of a «failure» event and uptime. In the article, a reliability model is constructed, which is a logical-probabilistic model of cause-and-effect relationships of a tank fire with malfunctions of its elements and other events.

Experiment on long-term storage of vegetable seeds under natural conditions

Preservation of the genetic diversity of crop plants and genetic collections of cultivated plants in a living state is an important state task. Seeds are a convenient form of storing genetic material, as the specimens are small in volume, require relatively little care, and remain viable for a long period. The genetically determined period of seed viability can be signifi cantly extended by creating optimal storage conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to search for or create environmental conditions under which seeds could remain viable for as long as possible. There are modern high-tech seed storage facilities in the world, but in the event of emergency situations, natural storage facilities, one of which is located on the Taymyr Peninsula, will be in a more advantageous position. Since 1974, an experiment has been carried out to study the safety of various products in diff erent types of packaging in permafrost conditions with the participation of a number of research institutions. Employees of the breeding laboratories selected seeds of 27 varieties of seven main types of vegetable crops; the samples were planted in triplicate, in accordance with the planned three extraction dates: in 2022, 2028, and 2034.

Экономическая эффективность применения систем мониторинга крутильных колебаний на судах

A torsional vibration monitoring system is being investigated, and an assessment of the economic efficiency of its implementation on ships is made. A schematic diagram of the torsional vibration monitoring system is illustrated and a photograph of an experimental sample of the monitoring system is provided. An assessment of the economic efficiency of the implementation of torsional vibration monitoring systems on ships is being carried out to prevent the occurrence of emergency situations with marine propulsion systems. The rules of classification societies, scientific and technical literature in the field of torsional oscillations and industrial economics, and the authors' own research were used as materials. The methods used are analysis and computational experiment. Data on the economic costs of the shipowner in the event of emergency situations in case of fatigue failures of elements of ship's engine and propulsion systems were obtained. An assessment of the costs for the development, installation and maintenance of a torsional vibration monitoring system on ships was made; as well as an approximate assessment of the volume of the Russian domestic market for installation and maintenance of torsional vibration monitoring systems on ships. It is noted that the cost of the consequences of propeller shaft failures ranges from several million to tens of millions of rubles. It is concluded that the development and implementation of torsional vibration monitoring systems will reduce the cost of the shipowner for a routine assessment of the technical condition of torsional vibration dampers and reduce the risks of costly accidents with shipboard engine complexes.

The importance of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in solving official tasks in the event of emergency situations (on the example of the Oryol Region)

The importance of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in solving official tasks in the event of emergency situations (on the example of the Oryol Region)

СТРАХОВАНИЕ РАСХОДОВ ПО ЛОКАЛИЗАЦИИ И ЛИКВИДАЦИИ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫХ СИТУАЦИЙ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

The article presents an analysis of the current situation with legislative requirements for the formation of financial reserves for localizing and eliminating the consequences of emergency situations. The main reasons for the low penetration of this type of insurance in organizations both related to the operation of hazardous production facilities and organizations of a public nature have been identified. The pros and cons of the main methods of forming financial reserves for localizing and eliminating the consequences of emergency situations are considered and analyzed. The economic feasibility of insurance as the most effective form of forming the necessary financial reserve is substantiated. The most complete list of risks covered by this type of insurance has been compiled. A set of measures has been proposed aimed at developing this type of insurance, ensuring maximum coverage of the risks of organizations and introducing a set of preventive measures that reduce the likelihood of emergency situations and/or reducing the severity of the consequences from them.

Organizational and managerial aspects of ensuring the stability of a security system in the event of emergency situations

Organizing and ensuring the stability of the security system in the event of emergency situations, including fire safety, is a direct task of the state and consists of creating and controlling conditions to minimize the risks of the occurrence and manifestation of natural and man-made emergencies. In order to minimize losses in the events of ignitions and fires, as well as to take measures to prevent them, a State Fire Service has been created and is functioning, which has federal and regional levels of organization and monitors fires, organizes and carries out fire extinguishing, and also uses measures to control and verify fire safety, promote the rules of appropriate safe behavior of citizens in everyday life and at work.

Transformation of Multi-Level Governance based on Global Strategies of the EU and National Resilience of Ukraine under Conditions of Hybrid Threats

The article examines various aspects of the transformation of multi-level management based on the application of EU global strategies and the definition of the institutional foundations of the formation of the national system of stability of Ukraine in the conditions of hybrid threats. It is emphasized that the focus on the implementation of the common policy and global strategies of the EU regarding the functioning of the new European model of multi-level management, strategic security and stability should be determined by the coherence of the key subjects of strategic decision-making, aimed at ensuring the effectiveness of such policies and strategies in the conditions of global influences and hybrid threats. It is proved that the transformation of multi-level management in relation to the European security strategy also changes the perception of the relevant threats towards their acquisition of a hybrid character in the conditions of long-term instability in the social, economic, political and energy spheres. This indicates, first of all, the increasing complexity of the geopolitical environment in the permanent process of the security transformation of the EU, which is taking place in the conditions of the spread of regional and local conflicts and their territorial approach directly to the borders of the EU and is characterized by a crisis in the system of international relations, which is associated with changes in the dominance of the liberal model of public policy in the direction of a more pragmatic, i.e. real policy, which is based mainly on the real conditions and possibilities of power relations, both in relation to the domestic and foreign policy of the vast majority of the countries of united Europe. It was determined that the Ukrainian context of the formation of a national system of stability should be based on a clear understanding of threats to the national security of Ukraine, which according to the Law of Ukraine "On National Security" should be considered: phenomena, trends and factors that make it impossible or difficult or may make it impossible or difficult to realize national interests and preservation of Ukraine's national values, and under stability - the ability of society and the state to quickly adapt to changes in the security environment and maintain sustainable functioning, in particular by minimizing external and internal vulnerabilities. It is proposed to consider the national system of stability as one that should ensure the ability of society and the state, as the highest form of its institutionalization: to identify external and internal threats, to direct activities in the field of national security to the timely identification of other vulnerabilities, to assess real and potential threats to national security , take actions to prevent negative impacts, as well as ensure effective response and quick recovery from the consequences of emergency situations and crisis events, including and hybrid threats. It is noted that the further development of the concept of multi-level management in the context of ensuring the comprehensive security of the state should be focused primarily on the use of effective mechanisms of influence, through the use of international-legal, political-diplomatic, organizational-economic, socio-humanitarian and others, including safety means, as well as the implementation of appropriate measures.

Удосконалення диференційної діагностики гострих пероральних та інгаляційних отруєнь сполуками талію, патогістологія та стратегія лікування (на основі групових випадків)

Analysis of literature data and own research showed an increase in the number of criminal and accidental acute poisonings with Tl compounds (Tl+) in all countries, in particular in Ukraine, which, including, is due to the availability of Tl+ on the Internet. Most often, these are group cases, often with fatal consequences or subsequent disability of patients, which is due to delayed diagnosis and late appointment of antidote therapy. It must be taken into account that in the conditions of war in Ukraine, the potential risk of using Tl+ for terrorist purposes is increased. Aim. Based on the analysis of the daily dynamics of the development of clinical manifestations, chemical-toxicological, biochemical, electroneuromyographic indicators and pathohistological data, improve the differential diagnosis of the main clinical syndromes in patients with acute oral and inhalation Tl+ compounds poisoning. Materials and Methods. A scientific analysis of literature data was carried out using reference databases of scientific libraries and own research on the daily increase of clinical, especially neurological symptoms specific for Tl+ poisoning against the background of gastrointestinal disorders. Clinical, laboratory, electroneuromyographic, toxicoanalytical and pathogistological research methods were used. Results. The daily sequence of the occurence and development of the main specific symptoms of acute Tl+ poisoning with low and high doses has been determined, which makes it possible to suspect poisoning in the first days and conduct a toxicological examination in a timely manner and prescribe antidote and detoxification therapy: in the first 2 days, the victims, against the background of gastrointestinal pathology, develop painful paresthesias not so much in the limbs, but in the oral cavity in case of oral poisoning and along the course of the upper respiratory tract, along with burning pains behind the sternum and a hoarse voice - in case of inhalation poisoning; on the 3rd-4th day before the appearance of alopecia, permanent paresthesias of the hair part of the head appear with the simultaneous appearance of focal pigmentation of the skin and darkening of the hair roots; in the first days of intoxication, intense burning symmetrical pains and paresthesias appear not only in the extremities, especially in the area of the feet, calf muscles, muscles of the inner surface of the thighs, shoulder girdle, chest, but also especially the scrotum in men and mammary glands in women. A comparison of clinical-toxicological and pathohistological indicators proved multi-organ damage to the body in case of poisoning with high doses of Tl+. Conclusions. The high toxicity of Tl+ compounds, the growth of criminal incidents, the potential risk of their use as terrorist purposes in the conditions of the war in Ukraine, determine the need for special control over the circulation of Tl+, blocking sites on the Internet that advertise the sale of highly toxic chemicals. The problem of ensuring the availability of a specific Ferrocin antidote in the pharmacy network, as well as the creation of an antidote reserve to eliminate the consequences of emergency situations, requires attention. Keywords: Tl compounds, acute criminal poisoning, sequence of symptoms, pathogistology.

Neurophysiological and psychological indicators of liquidators of chemical pollution of the environment

Introduction. Elimination of the consequences of emergency situations (ES) involves increased physical and psychological stress, as well as the direct aggressive impact of chemical and physical factors. Currently, the problem of environmental hazard is environmental pollution from the activities of «Usolyekhimprom», where on an area of 610 hectares there are tens of thousands of tons of harmful substances, including metallic mercury. On the territory of this enterprise, employees of the Federal Environmental Operator and the Ministry of Emergency Situations are currently engaged in eliminating environmental pollution. Over the past two years, a number of measures have been taken at the industrial site of «Usoliekhimprom» to dismantle buildings and demercurize. For 2023–2024 reconstruction, dismantling and disposal of the destroyed buildings of the enterprise are planned, in this regard, the liquidators may be affected by an even wider range of adverse factors. Employees of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research conduct dynamic monitoring of the liquidators.
 The purpose of the study was to evaluate the neurophysiological and psychological indicators in liquidators in eliminating environmental pollution associated with the production of chemical products to prevent the occurrence of occupational pathology.
 Materials and methods. Forty males were examined. Electroneuromyographic examination (ENMG) was performed with testing of the sensory and motor components of the nerves of the upper extremities, electroencephalography (EEG), and psychological testing.
 Results. According to data of obtained ENMG parameters in the group of liquidators, a subthreshold decrease in the speed of impulse conduction in the area of the elbow joint was established during stimulation of the motor and sensory components of the ulnar nerve (up to 50 m/s). Analysis of interhemispheric coherence in the α-range in the group of liquidators revealed an increase in coherence in the right temporal leads (0.6 (0.4–0.7) G) compared with the standard values (0.35 (0.3–0.4) D) and weakening of coherent connections in the left frontal leads (0.35 (0.17–0.4) D). Changes in the mnestic sphere and the quality of life of the subjects were not revealed.
 Limitations. The limitation of the study was the lack of data on testing the motor and sensory components of the lower extremities during an electroneuromyographic examination and the lack of registration of evoked potentials during electroencephalography.
 Conclusion. The changes detected by ENMG indicate the manifestations of polyneuropathy at the preclinical stage. The analysis of interhemispheric coherence in the α-band revealed an increase in coherence in the right temporal leads and a weakening of coherent connections in the left frontal leads. The results of the medical and psychological study did not reveal any changes on the part of the mnestic sphere and the quality of life in the group of liquidators.

A Comparison of Estimated and Actual Indicators of Flood Damage on the Yana River in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)

In 2022, Verkhoyansky District of Yakutia experienced the largest flood of the regional scale, affecting 1,220 people and with the cost of emergency recovery work amounting to RUB 160.2 million. For the Arctic regions, the consequences of natural disasters are felt several times more acutely, due to the natural and geographical peculiarities and the duration of the process of restoration of the disturbed ecosystem. Protection of the population and territories of the Arctic is one of the priority tasks of the state policy of Russia. The article assesses the flood hazard on the Yana River. Based on the analysis of historical elevations at hydrological posts, hydrological characteristics of the water body, determination of maximum levels, water discharge of the river, and basic hydrological calculations, the area of flooded territory of settlements in Verkhoyansky District of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) under the percentage availability is determined, and a map of flood zones is drawn up. Using the cadastral value of lands falling into the flood zone, the index of forecast economic damage is determined in order to preliminarily determine the scale of flooding; to carry out preventive measures for preparation, protection of the population, socially important objects, buildings and structures; to plan the amount of financial resources required for rescue operations and for liquidation of the consequences of emergency situations. A comparison and an analysis of actual and estimated damage indicators are given. A strong disproportion in the actual and calculated indicators of economic damage is proved.

К вопросу об оценке тяжести людских потерь при террористических актах, совершённых с применением обычных средств поражения

Summary. Objectives of the study are as follows: on the basis of studying and analyzing methodological approaches to assessing the severity of human losses in terrorist acts committed with the use of conventional means of destruction to develop proposals for further improvement of these methodological approaches; to assess the severity of human losses being the result of terrorist attacks committed on the territory of Russia in 1999-2005. Materials and research methods. The materials of the research are normative and methodical documents regulating the procedure of assessment of human losses in emergency situations, including terrorist acts; reports of territorial centers for disaster medicine about terrorist acts committed on the territory of Russia in 1999-2005; data of survey maps and expert evaluation of the subject of the research; scientific works and publications devoted to methods of assessment of severity of consequences of emergency situations and terrorist acts. The following scientific methods were used in the study: content analysis method, method of expert evaluation, statistical and analytical methods. Results of the study and their analysis. The results of the study of methodological approaches to assessing the severity of human losses in terrorist attacks and other emergencies are presented. Reasoned proposals are made to improve the methodological approaches to assessing the severity of human losses in terrorist acts and to use a comprehensive integral methodological approach for this purpose. The results of the research have shown that the existing technologies of determining the severity of human losses in terrorist attacks do not allow to have objective and complete reliable data on the injured, on the volume and specificity of work performed by medical workers in providing medical care and medical evacuation in the course of saving lives and preserving health of the injured in terrorist attacks. Using the proposed complex integral methodological approach, an assessment of the severity of human losses in terrorist acts committed on the territory of Russia in 1999-2005 is given.

Межведомственное взаимодействие при организации телемедицинских консультаций по схеме «врач – врач» с участием медицинских специалистов лечебных медицинских организаций Федерального медико-биологического агентства

Summary. The data are considered on conducting telemedicine consultations in 2021-2022 under “doctor – doctor” scheme with participation of attending physicians and consulting physicians of medical organizations (MO) of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency (FMBA of Russia). The division of telemedicine consultations by medical profiles, forms and types is given. The conclusion is made: ensuring the availability and quality of medical care with the use of telemedicine technologies in remote interaction between medical specialists is directly related to the possibility of conducting telemedicine consultations with the participation of medical specialists of MOs of different departmental affiliation in the presence of common information space, including under the conditions of liquidation of medical and sanitary consequences of emergency situations.

ON THE ISSUE OF ENSURING THE MICROCLIMATE CONDITIONS AND OPERATIONAL SAFETY OF HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS DURING EMERGENCY HEAT SUPPLY SHUTDOWNS

The issue of ensuring the microclimate conditions of the premises in the buildings and structures during cold season are of exceptional importance, as it is the basis for ensuring the safety of human life and health. Emergencies and significant violations of the thermal regime in premises and buildings worsen microclimate conditions for an indefinite period of time, until its parameters reach extreme values dangerous for human life. These issues are particularly relevant in the context of the growing number of emergency situations in heat supply systems in Ukraine, both due to the high level of wear and tear of their infrastructure in general, and wartime emergencies. Therefore, conducting research to ensure the safety of heat supply systems operation during emergency shutdowns by determining the regularities of temperature changes in rooms, reaching the critical temperature and operating time of heat supply systems, taking into acount the spatial location of rooms in buildings and their design features, is an urgent task. The purpose of the article. Study of the risk of reaching critical modes of heat supply systems operation in emergency situations, taking into acount the structural features of buildings and ensuring the necessary microclimate conditions. Conclusion. On the basis of the conducted research, the regularities of the structural features of buildings and structures in emergency situations in heat supply systems to ensure microclimate conditions in the premises have been determined. The limit conditions for achieving critical indoor microclimate conditions due to accidents in heat supply systems are determined, which allows predicting the limit conditions for eliminating the consequences of emergency situations and optimizing the activities of repair and rescue services, which is especially important in connection with the failure of outdated heat supply systems and combat operations on the territory of the country.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫХ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ ОРГАНОВ ПО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЮ И ЗАЩИТЕ ПРАВ И СВОБОД ЧЕЛОВЕКА И ГРАЖДАНИНА В УСЛОВИЯХ ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНОЙ СИТУАЦИИ

The relevance of various global dangers necessitates the establishment of special legal regimes to regulate social relations during emergencies. In the last few years, the solution of this issue has become 
 a priority in the activities of various countries of the world. The tragic consequences of emergency situations show that the delay of the state in making decisions, negligent attitude to the measures and restrictions imposed can lead to a complication of the socio-economic and political situation. All this often leads to significant human casualties, numerous destruction and destruction, a rapid flow of refugees, disruption of infrastructure, colossal material damage, humanitarian catastrophe. These circumstances pose a real threat to the national security and territorial integrity of the State. The authorities and local self-government bodies are required to take immediate measures. Also, the state faces a new task – the optimization of public administration, forcing it to quickly create previously unrealized legal mechanisms for the introduction of emergency legal regimes in order to maintain law and order and ensure the rule of law in the state.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ПОДГОТОВКИ СПАСАТЕЛЕЙ-ПОЖАРНЫХ МЧС РОССИИ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ

Statistical data on the increase in the scale of emerging forest fires and the number of floods on the territory of Russia are presented. The problem of improving the training of firefighters and rescuers is considered in connection with the growing tasks of eliminating the consequences of emergency situations, extinguishing fires and carrying out emergency rescue and other urgent work at the present stage. It is proposed to improve their training by including in the training programs both in fire and rescue units and in the university of State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia sections on the study of the damaging factors of modern means of destruction and the organization of protection against them, strengthening the practical development of the organization of protection and tactics of actions of fire and rescue units 
 in the performance of their operational and service tasks.