Effects Of Alcohol Consumption Research Articles

ПРОПАГАНДА ЗДОРОВОГО ОБРАЗА ЖИЗНИ В ЮРИДИЧЕСКОМ КОЛЛЕДЖЕ КНУ

This article discusses the importance of promoting a healthy lifestyle among the younger generation. A lecture and educational program with students at the Law College of KNU aimed at preventing bad habits and forming a healthy lifestyle is described. The causes and consequences of alcohol consumption, smoking, drug addiction, and computer and internet addiction among adolescents and youth were analyzed. Methods of prevention have been proposed, including conversations, discussions, role-playing games, watching films, meetings with doctors, and people who have successfully overcome addictions. Special attention is paid to the role of sports and proper nutrition in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Psychological aspects and motivational strategies that contribute to sustainable behavior change were also considered.

Alcohol consumption's effects on working memory: Examining familial confounding.

The purpose of our study was to provide a more rigorous test of the causal hypothesis that chronic alcohol use impairs working memory performance. We measured linear associations between a latent factor representing alcohol consumption and accuracy across four working memory tasks before and after accounting for familial confounding using a cotwin control design. Specifically, this study examined accuracy through a latent working memory score, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox List Sorting, NIH Toolbox Picture Sequence, Penn Word Memory, and 2-back tasks. The study included data from 158 dizygotic and 278 monozygotic twins (Mage = 29 ± 3 years). In our initial sample-wide analysis, we did not detect any statistically significant associations between alcohol use and working memory accuracy. However, our cotwin control analyses showed that twins with greater levels of alcohol use exhibited worse scores on the latent working memory composite measure (B = -.25, CI [-.43, -.08], p < .01), Picture Sequence (B = -.31, CI [-.55, -.08], p < .01), and List Sorting (B = -.28, CI [-.51, -.06 ], p = .01) tasks than did their cotwins. These results are consistent with a potentially causal relationship between alcohol use and working memory performance that can be detected only after accounting for confounding familial factors. This highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms that may underlie negative associations between alcohol use and cognitive performance, as well as the potential factors that influence both alcohol behaviors and cognition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Association of morning and evening physical exercise with sleep quality and insomnia: differences between chronotypes

Objective: to investigate the association of morning and evening physical exercise with sleep quality (duration, latency, awakenings, and self-perceived sleep quality) and insomnia, depending on the chronotype. Methods: Participants (n=2,050; 18-65y) were part of a population-based research, with virtual data collection. Multiple logistic regression models were conducted to analyze the association of physical exercise (yes/no; frequency; morning/evening) with sleep variables (outcome), among all participants and according to chronotype. Linear regression analysis assessed differences in sleep duration, latency, and nocturnal awakenings (outcomes) associated with physical exercise variables. Multiple analyzes were adjusted for age, sex, diet quality, BMI, smoking, and evening alcohol consumption. Results: Participants who performed physical exercise had better sleep parameters and its practice in the morning was associated with shorter sleep latency among early (OR=-0.49; 95%CI=0.25;0.94; p&lt;0.05) and late chronotypes (β=-15.10; 95%CI=-28.39;-1.81; p&lt;0.05). There was no effect of exercising in the evening among intermediate and late chronotypes, however, among early types, it was associated with a higher frequency of awakenings (OR=1.78; 95%CI=1.06;2.96; p&lt;0.05) and insomnia (OR=1.91; 95%CI=1.04;3.53; p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Such findings suggest the need to consider chronotypes, along with existing recommendations for sleep hygiene and circadian hygiene, in clinical-epidemiological physical activity strategies focused on promoting sleep quality and circadian health.

Sleep, alcohol, and caffeine in financial traders.

Alcohol and caffeine are two of the most commonly used substances for altering human consciousness. While their adverse effects on sleep have been separately examined in the laboratory and epidemiological levels, how they impact real-world night-to-night sleep, in isolation or together, remains unclear. This is especially true in occupations wherein the use of alcohol and caffeine is high (e.g., financial services sector). Using a six-week micro-longitudinal study, here we examined the real-world impact of alcohol, caffeine, and their combined consumption in a cohort of financial traders. We demonstrate that alcohol consumption significantly degrades the subjective quality of sleep (p < 0.001). Caffeine consumption led to a different phenotype of sleep impairment, resulting in a detrimental reduction in sleep quantity (p = 0.019), rather than a marked alteration in sleep quality. Contrary to our hypothesis, when consumed in combination, evening alcohol consumption interacted with ongoing caffeine consumption such that alcohol partially mitigated the impairments in sleep quantity associated with caffeine (p = 0.032). This finding suggests the sedating effects of alcohol and the psychoactive stimulant effects of caffeine obscure each other's impact on sleep quantity and sleep quality, respectively-potentially explaining their interdependent use in this cohort (i.e., "self-medication" of evening sedation with alcohol to combat the prior daytime ingestion of caffeine and vice versa). More generally, these results contribute to a unique understanding of the singular and combinatory impacts of two of the most commonly used substances for augmenting human consciousness under free-living, real-world conditions, the performance-impairing (and thus economic-cost) consequences of which may be important to the business sector and the society.

Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption and Knowledge on its Consequences among Young Adult in Ward Number Five at Kachan Kawal Municipality, Nepal

The harmful use of alcohol causes many disease, social and economic burden in societies. The harmful use of alcohol ranks among the top risk factors for disease, disability and death through world. youth, who start drinking before age 15 years are six time more likely to develop alcohol dependence or abuse later in life than those who begin drinking at or after age 20 years. Aim of the study is to find out the prevalence of alcohol consumption and knowledge on its consequences among young adult (19-39 years) young adult in ward number 5 at Kachan Kawal Municipality, Jhapa. Descriptive cross sectional research design was used in this study. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 50 young adult and semi -structured interview schedule was used to collect data. Data analysis was done on SPSS version 20.0. Descriptive statistics i.e. frequency, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics i.e. chi square test was used to find the association between dependent and independent variable The finding of the present study revealed that out of 50 respondent 70% had current drinker, with male 44% outnumbering female 24%. Among those consumed alcohol 83.33% have used it before the age of 20 years. More than half of the respondents had been good knowledge on consequences of alcohol consumption i .e 56.0% and 44.0% had poor knowledge. It was concluded that alcohol consumption was high among male than female. There is association between level on knowledge on consequences and alcohol consumption and socio demographical variables.

Self-Affirmation Effect on Risk Perception and the Moderating Role of Self-Efficacy in Anti-Alcohol Messages

Abstract The beneficial effect of self-affirmation on the reduction of people’s defensive responses and the increase in message acceptance has been widely demonstrated in different health-related topics. However, little is known about the specific conditions in which self-affirmation strategies might be more effective. Our objective is to explore the interplay of self-affirmation and self-efficacy in the context of alcohol consumption. Recruited participants were randomly assigned to either a self-affirmation group or a no-treatment group and exposed to a video describing several consequences of alcohol consumption. Following the message exposure, participant’s drinking refusal self-efficacy was measured together with their perceived risk of daily alcohol intake. In line with our predictions, self-affirmed individuals who reported higher drinking refusal self-efficacy perceived daily alcohol consumption as a significantly higher risk than those who were assigned to the no-treatment condition. In contrast, for individuals with low drinking refusal self-efficacy, there was no significant difference in the perceived risk between the self-affirmed and the non-affirmed. We predicted and showed that self-affirmation influences the risk perception of daily drinking only for the people who reported higher drinking refusal self-efficacy. This indicates that self-efficacy could be an important factor that moderates the effect of self-affirmation in alcohol consumption domain.

Most common principal diagnoses assigned to Australian emergency department presentations involving alcohol use: a multi‐centre study

ObjectivesAlcohol is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in Australia and the consequences of alcohol consumption have enormous personal and social impacts. This study aimed to describe the principal diagnoses of emergency department (ED) presentations involving alcohol use in the previous 12 hours at eight hospitals in Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. MethodsTwelve months’ data (1 July 2018 – 30 June 2019) were collected from eight EDs, including demographics, ICD‐10 codes, hospital location and self‐reported drinking in the preceding 12 hours. The ten most common ICD‐10 discharge codes were analysed based on age, sex and hospital geographic area. ResultsICD codes pertaining to mental and behavioural disorders due to alcohol use accounted for the highest proportion in most EDs. Suicide ideation/attempt was in the five highest ICD codes for all but one hospital. It was the second most common alcohol‐related presentation for both males and females. ConclusionsAlcohol plays a major role in a range of presentations, especially in relation to mental health and suicide. Implications for public healthThe collection of alcohol involvement in ED presentations represents a major step forward in informing the community about the burden of alcohol on their health resources.

Understanding How and Why Alcohol Interventions Prevent and Reduce Problematic Alcohol Consumption among Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

Problematic alcohol use has been increasing in older adults (55+) in recent decades. Many of the effective interventions that are available to prevent or reduce the negative effects of alcohol consumption are aimed at adults in general. It is unclear whether these interventions also work for older adults. The objective of this review was to understand how (i.e., which elements), in which context, and why (which mechanisms) interventions are successful in preventing or reducing (problematic) alcohol consumption among older adults. A systematic review of articles published between 2000 and 2022 was performed using PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CHINAHL. Realist evaluation was used to analyze the data. We found 61 studies on interventions aimed at preventing or reducing problematic alcohol use. Most of the interventions were not specifically designed for older adults but also included older adults. The findings of the current study highlight three major effective elements of interventions: (1) providing information on the consequences of alcohol consumption; (2) being in contact with others and communicating with them about (alcohol) problems; and (3) personalized feedback about drinking behavior. Two of these elements were also used in the interventions especially designed for older adults. Being in contact with others and communicating with them about (alcohol) problems is an important element to pay attention to for developers of alcohol interventions for older adults because loneliness is a problem for this age group and there is a relationship between the use of alcohol and loneliness.

Factors Associated with Alcohol Consumption among Adolescents in Selected Secondary Schools in a Local Government Area of Oyo State, Southwest, Nigeria

Alcohol use during adolescence and young adulthood remain a prominent public health problem. This study identifies factors associated with alcohol consumption among adolescents in selected secondary schools in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Southwest, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study was used. One hundred and seventy-six (176) respondents were consecutively selected using the random technique. Data were analyzed using chi-square and hypotheses tested at a 5% level of significance. Findings revealed that the majority of the respondents had poor knowledge of alcohol consumption, while (36.4%) of the respondents had consumed alcoholic beverages. Over half (54.5%) engaged in drinking alcohol as a result of peer influence. The majority (70%) of them had good knowledge of factors influencing alcohol consumption and factors influencing consumption among the respondents. Thus, the rate of alcohol consumption among adolescents was low (36.4%) as a larger percentage (64.6%) of them did not consume alcohol owing to their knowledge of the effect and the presence of some protective factors within the environment. In conclusion, alcohol consumption among adolescents was low, knowledge of its consumption was high, and it was associated with its actual consumption. Alcohol use is also associated with peer influence and environmental variables, while age and gender did not have any relationship with alcohol consumption. Therefore, educational intervention to improve knowledge of the consequences of alcohol consumption among adolescents and public policies with preventive educational campaigns was recommended.

De dependencias y prohibiciones alcohólicas: un análisis previo y durante la covid-19 en Yucatán

We propose analyzing the link between social knowledge about the consequences of alcohol consumption, with the alcoholic prohibitions implemented in Yucatán during covid-19; this ethnographic study took place in the state municipality of Cuzamá from 2016 to 2017 from a critical medical anthropological stance with a relational approach. The information on prohibitions and their effects was documented during 2020. This ethnographical study shows a culture ambivalent toward alcohol and its health consequences, along with a preference for collective consumption and a de-pendence that exceeds the biomedical-individual criteria. Alcoholic prohibitions confirm the tensión between positivity and negativity, between the ideal and the reality of consumption. Despite the questions that remain, such as going further in depth regarding“collective dependence”, we consider this article to be an important contribution due to its approaches, and a valuable input for the analysis of public policies for alcohol consumption in Mexico.

050 Evening Alcohol Consumption and Slow Wave Sleep: Impact on Morning Hippocampus-Dependent Learning across Three Nights

Abstract Introduction Numerous studies interrogated the relationship between alcohol and a single night of sleep. Yet, many adults engage in cumulative days of drinking. Previous studies show alcohol on a single night increases slow wave sleep in the first third of night. Similarly, sleep has been associated with the success of daytime learning. Our goal was to investigate across three consecutive nights how evening alcohol use and nighttime sleep are associated with morning learning. Methods 23 adults (11F, mean age 33.5±12 years) completed six nights of PSG monitored sleep. Participants consumed alcohol with a target 0.08 breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) and no alcohol on three consecutive nights in counterbalanced order. Percent of slow wave sleep (SWS%) in the first third of the night was derived. Learning was assessed each morning with distinct stimuli on the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). The MST score derived was the Lure Discrimination Index (LDI), defined as the proportion of similar images correctly identified minus the proportion of old images incorrectly identified. Results SWS% during the first third of the night was greater for alcohol nights compared to non-alcohol nights (F(1, 110)=10.891, p=0.01). However, there was no evidence that either night number or the interaction of drink content and night number affected %SWS in the first third of night (all p’s &amp;gt; 0.05). There was a modest decrease in LDI on mornings following alcohol consumption; however, this effect was not significant. In a separate linear mixed-effect model we found no evidence for an effect of night number, drink content, or their interaction on MST LDI scores (all p’s &amp;gt; 0.05). Conclusion Our results indicate that slow wave sleep in the first third of the night is sensitive to evening alcohol consumption. Despite prior literature associating slow wave sleep with next-day learning, we observed no effect of alcohol or night number on morning learning. It is possible that the small sample size contributed to our results. There is little prior research on the cumulative effects of alcohol on sleep and learning; our study adds to this area of research despite the negative findings. Support (if any) R01AA025593

Evening Binge Alcohol Disrupts Cardiovagal Tone and Baroreflex Function During Polysomnographic Sleep Stages

Evening alcohol consumption has been shown to attenuate nocturnal cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (cvBRS) and vagal tone, but the impact of alcohol on cvBRS during specific polysomnographic sleep stages remains unclear. We hypothesized that binge alcohol consumption would decrease nocturnal cardiovagal tone and cvBRS, particularly during slow wave (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep due to their reported impact on cardiovascular health. Sixteen volunteers (9 women, 7 men; 25±1 years; 28±1 kg/m2) participated in this study. Utilizing a randomized, crossover design, participants arrived to the laboratory for two testing nights (alcohol vs. fluid control) separated by one month. The alcohol condition simulated a binge drinking episode by consuming a 4-5 drink equivalent within two hours. The alcohol dose was based on National Institute of Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism (NIAAA) definitions of binge drinking, which includes differences based upon body weight and sex (1g/kg men, 0.85g/kg women). Overnight polysomnography (Natus, Middleton, WI), two-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), and dual-finger plethysmography (Finapres NOVA, Netherlands) were recorded during an 8-hour in-laboratory sleep acquisition period. The nocturnal ECG and continuous blood pressure signals were imported into custom software (WinCPRS, Absolute Aliens, Finland) for heart rate variability (HRV) and cvBRS analyses. A ten-minute period of stable sleep was selected in each participant for each sleep stage, and was verified by a board-certified sleep physician. Each segment of stable sleep was free of any scorable arousal, apneic event, and limb movement. Cardiovagal activity was assessed via fast-Fourier transform and quantified as high frequency (HF; 0.15-0.4 Hz), and cvBRS was assessed using up-up (vagal activation) and down-down (vagal withdrawal) sequence analyses. Evening binge alcohol consumption reduced HF during SWS (1429±279 vs. 698±146 ms2, p>0.001) and REM (1114±238 vs. 599±151 ms2, p=0.022), but not stage II (1619±453 vs. 901±258 ms2, p=0.137). Evening binge alcohol consumption decreased cvBRS during stage II (up-up, 21±3 vs. 15±3 ms/mmHg, p=0.035; down-down, 23±2 vs. 14±2 ms/mmHg, p=0.001) and REM sleep (up-up, 21±4 vs. 15±3 ms/mmHg, p=0.008; down-down, 19±3 vs. 12±2 ms/mmHg, p=0.008), but did not alter cvBRS during SWS (up-up, 21±3 vs. 15±3 ms/mmHg, p=0.224; down-down, 22±2 vs. 17±4 ms/mmHg, p=0.225). Taken together, our results indicate that the deleterious cardiovascular effects of binge alcohol consumption may be present across multiple sleep stages, but particularly during stable REM sleep.

Punch-Drunk or Drunken Boxing? The Etiology of Alcohol-Related Physical Violence through Adolescence and Young Adulthood

Background Alcohol-related physical violence (ARPV) can be a causal consequence of alcohol consumption, but only for specific individuals (e.g., those predisposed to violence). Studies have not accounted for the shared etiology explaining comorbidity between alcohol use and violent behavior as a potential third-variable explanation of ARPV. The current study examined genetically-informed associations between ARPV, heavy alcohol use (HAU) and overall physical violence (OPV) in adolescence and young adulthood, by testing two proposed theories of ARPV processes (HAU causes ARPV, causal relationships depend upon OPV) and how overarching shared covariance may account for these associations. Methods Using the twin and sibling subsample from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), a series of biometric models tested hypotheses individually in adolescence and young adulthood. This included estimating bivariate Cholesky and direction-of-causality models, and trivariate Cholesky, independent pathway, and common pathway models. Results HAU had a causal effect on ARPV in adolescence and young adulthood. This effect was not moderated by OPV at either developmental stage. A shared etiology or common latent factor did not explain associations between ARPV, OPV, and HAU, even though ARPV strongly covaried independently with HAU and with OPV. Finally, OPV also had a causal effect on ARPV in adolescence, and in young adulthood for adolescent-onset drinkers. Conclusions Causal theories of ARPV still hold when accounting for shared genetic and environmental variance. Further research on the exact role of violence (predispositions, environmental contexts) is required, as both phenotypes substantially (and separately) explain influences driving ARPV. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2021.1887244.

P.001 Long-term consequences of alcohol consumption: sex-dependent endogenous opioid system genes regulation

P.001 Long-term consequences of alcohol consumption: sex-dependent endogenous opioid system genes regulation

Análise da produção científica sobre síndrome alcoólica fetal e sua relação com a saúde da criança

Revisão integrativa que objetivou identificar o que a literatura científica tem abordado acerca da Síndrome alcoólica fetal e sua relação com a saúde da criança. A investigação ocorreu por meio de acesso à Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, utilizando os descritores “síndrome alcoólica fetal”, “álcool” e “criança”, entre os anos de 2007 a 2017, a busca resultou na seleção de oito artigos que foram submetidos à Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Temática originando três categorias discutidas descritivamente. Evidenciou-se que o tema, apesar da importância, está pouco esclarecido para as mulheres e profissionais de saúde, principalmente no que concernem as consequências do consumo de álcool na gestação. Os serviços de saúde têm o dever de orientar e direcionar as gestantes para uma prática preventiva, por meio de programas educacionais e abordagem correta. Há necessidade de capacitação dos profissionais, a fim de que estratégias sejam desenvolvidas no intuito de conscientizar as gestantes sobre os riscos associados ao uso de álcool.

Impact of evening alcohol consumption on nocturnal autonomic and cardiovascular function in adult men and women: a dose-response laboratory investigation.

To investigate the dose-dependent impact of moderate alcohol intake on sleep-related cardiovascular (CV) function, in adult men and women. A total of 26 healthy adults (30-60 years; 11 women) underwent 3 nights of laboratory polysomnographic (PSG) recordings in which different doses of alcohol (low: 1 standard drink for women and 2 drinks for men; high: 3 standard drinks for women and 4 drinks for men; placebo: no alcohol) were administered in counterbalanced order before bedtime. These led to bedtime average breath alcohol levels of up to 0.02% for the low doses and around 0.05% for the high doses. Autonomic and CV function were evaluated using electrocardiography, impedance cardiography, and beat-to-beat blood pressure monitoring. Presleep alcohol ingestion resulted in an overall increase in nocturnal heart rate (HR), suppressed total and high-frequency (vagal) HR variability, reduced baroreflex sensitivity, and increased sympathetic activity, with effects pronounced after high-dose alcohol ingestion (p's < 0.05); these changes followed different dose- and measure-dependent nocturnal patterns in men and women. Systolic blood pressure showed greater increases during the morning hours of the high-alcohol dose night compared to the low-alcohol dose night and placebo, in women only (p's < 0.05). Acute evening alcohol consumption, even at moderate doses, has marked dose- and time-dependent effects on sleep CV regulation in adult men and women. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential CV risk of repeated alcohol-related alterations in nighttime CV restoration in healthy individuals and in those at high risk for CV diseases, considering sex and alcohol dose and time effects.

Combined alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

SummaryWhile metabolic syndrome and alcohol consumption are the two main causes of chronic liver disease, one of the two conditions is often predominant, with the other acting as a cofactor of morbimortality. It has been shown that obesity and alcohol act synergistically to increase the risk of fibrosis progression, hepatic carcinogenesis and mortality, while genetic polymorphisms can strongly influence disease progression. Based on common pathogenic pathways, there are several potential targets that could be used to treat both diseases; based on the prevalence and incidence of these diseases, new therapies and clinical trials are needed urgently.

Psychometric Properties of the "Alcohol Consumption Consequences Evaluation" (ACCE) Scale for Young Spanish University Students.

Instruments that evaluate alcohol use consequences among young people do not consider the intensive alcohol consumption pattern that is so characteristic during these ages. Some of these instruments are even ineffective in the Spanish population. Hence the interest in developing an instrument more adapted to the reality of our young people. A total of 601 university students (35.9% male and 64.1% female) from 18 to 20 years old were recruited. All of them answered a total of 77 items obtained from the review of both the scientific literature and the different scales used to measure consequences derived from alcohol consumption. In addition, they completed the AUDIT and the Timeline Followback for self-reported consumption. The data were analyzed using factor analysis and a two-parameter logistic model. ROC curve analysis was used to establish cut-off points for different risk levels of alcohol consumption distinguishing between genders. The final 43-item scale Alcohol Consumption Consequences Evaluation (ACCE) (Evaluación de Consecuencias derivadas del Consumo de Alcohol [ECCA]) shows adequate psychometric properties: α = 0.94; unidimensionality through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (26.25% of explained variance) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (RMSEA = 0.39; TLI and CFI > 0.90). In addition, ROC analyses, both at a global scale and distinguishing between genders, were able to characterize consumers with different levels of risk, obtaining areas under the curve between 0.82 and 0.88. A scale has been obtained that enables the establishment of cut-off points to distinguish between the consequences of low, moderate and high risk alcohol consumption. The clinical utility of the ACCE is highlighted by using one single instrument to perform the screening of a possible alcohol risk consumption as well as identifying the consequences that need to be worked on in the evaluated person’s or group’s intervention.

Morning Sympathetic Nerve Activity After a Night of Binge Alcohol Consumption

Epidemiological studies report a significant relationship between binge alcohol consumption and the incidence of hypertension and stroke. While sympathoexcitation is a suspected mechanism, this has not been definitively demonstrated. Acute consumption of alcohol has been shown to consistently activate the sympathetic nervous system, yet the impact of evening alcohol consumption on sympathetic activity the morning after consumption remains unknown. The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of evening binge alcohol consumption on morning blood pressure and sympathetic neural activity. We hypothesized that blood pressure and neural activity would be augmented the morning after binge alcohol consumption. Using a randomized, crossover design, fifteen young adults (10 men, 5 women; 23±1 years, 27±1 kg/m2) were tested during both a binge alcohol condition and fluid control condition (one month apart). Participants arrived to the laboratory in the early evening for a standardized dinner and were instructed to relax in a semi‐recumbent position. Two beverages were administered to each participant over the course of two hours, designed to mimic an episode of binge drinking. Each alcohol dose was 1 g/kg or 0.85 g/kg in men and women, respectively (diluted in a 1:3 ratio with fruit juice), while fluid control was simply the fruit juice in similar volume. Participants were allotted 8 hours of polysomnography‐monitored sleep (data not included) prior to morning autonomic testing. Heart rate (HR), beat‐to‐beat blood pressure (NOVA, Finapres), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA, microneurography) were recorded during a 10‐minute supine baseline and three 15‐second Valsalva maneuvers (VM). During VM, participants forcefully exhaled into a modified pressure manometer to 40 mmHg for 15 seconds and breathed normally during 1‐minute recovery period between each of the three VM strains. Statistical analysis included paired t‐tests across conditions (p&lt;0.05). Baseline morning mean arterial pressure (81±2 vs. 80±2 mmHg) and MSNA (18±3 vs. 20±2 burst/min) were not different between alcohol and fluid control (p&gt;0.05 for both). In contrast, HR was higher the morning after alcohol consumption compared to fluid control (64±3 vs. 59±2 beats/min, p=0.031). Increased sympathoexcitation (i.e. MSNA bursts/min) was exhibited during Phase II of VM strain after evening alcohol consumption when compared to fluid control (53±4 vs. 45±4 bursts/min, p=0.013). Cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was assessed during Phase II and IV of VM strain, where phase II BRS was significantly blunted the morning after binge alcohol consumption (11±2 vs. 8±1 ms/mmHg, p=0.05). Phase IV BRS trended lower the morning after alcohol consumption (17±3 vs. 13±1 ms/mmHg, p=0.085). During Phase IV of the VM strain, systolic arterial pressure “overshoot” was augmented the morning after binge alcohol consumption compared to fluid control (Δ36±3 vs. Δ28±4 mmHg, p=0.021). These findings provide new mechanistic insight into the relation between binge drinking and cardiovascular disease.Support or Funding InformationSupport provided by the National Institutes of Health (R01 AA‐024892) and the Portage Health Foundation.

Relationship between Alcohol Hangover and Physical Endurance Performance: Walking the Samaria Gorge.

Alcohol hangover is a potentially debilitating state. Several studies have demonstrated that it does not seem to impair strength or short-term endurance, but its effects on continuous exercise performance/long-term endurance have never been investigated. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to assess hiking performance of participants who walked the 15.8 km Samaria Gorge in Crete, Greece. Participants completed a survey in the morning before walking the Gorge, and in the afternoon after completion of the walk. Demographics, data on previous evening alcohol consumption, sleep, hangover symptoms, and walking performance were assessed. Data from N = 299 participants with a mean (SD) age of 38.9 (11.0) years were analyzed. N = 223 participants (74.6%) consumed alcohol the evening before walking the Samaria Gorge, and N = 176 (78.9%) of those reported a hangover. They consumed a mean (SD) of 3.0 (1.8) alcoholic drinks (10 g alcohol each) with a corresponding next-morning hangover severity of 4.6 (2.4) on a 0–10 scale. Participants with a hangover reported feeling significantly more exhausted after the walk compared to participants with no hangover. The groups did not significantly differ in duration of the walk, and the number and duration of breaks. Overall hangover severity, assessed either before, during, or after walking the Samaria Gorge was not significantly correlated with any walking outcome. In conclusion, hungover participants experienced significantly more exhaustion when performing physical activity at the same level as non-hungover participants.