Consequences For Medicine Research Articles

Structural chemistry—tools and concepts

Structural chemistry provides the foundation for progress in organic and inorganic chemistry with far-reaching consequences in medicine and in materials science and technology. New tools and concepts appear shaping together the progress in structural chemistry.

Interpretable Image Recognition Models for Big Data With Prototypes and Uncertainty

Deep neural networks have been applied to big data scenarios and have achieved good results. However, trust in high-accuracy deep neural networks is not necessarily achieved when facing high-risk decision scenarios. Every wrong decision has incalculable consequences in medicine, autonomous driving, and other fields. For an image recognition model based on big data to gain trust, it is necessary to simultaneously solve the interpretability of decisions and risk predictability. This paper introduces uncertainty into a self-explanatory image recognition model to show that the model can interpret decisions and predict risk. This approch enables the model to trust its decisions and explanations and to provide early warning and detailed analysis of risky decisions. In addition, this paper introduces the process of using uncertainty and explanations to achieve model optimization, which will significantly improve the application value of the model in high-risk scenarios. The scheme proposed in this paper solves the trust crisis caused by using black box image recognition models.

Doctoring in the Time of COVID-19.

I have always known that I have exceptional residents. I have had the privilege of working with the emergency medicine (EM) residents at Sinai-Grace Hospital in Detroit since 2015, first as their Associate Program Director and now as their Vice Chair of Education. Detroit is a tough city and of the four academic emergency departments (EDs) in Detroit, of which I have worked at three, Sinai-Grace is arguably the toughest. Underlying general health in the communities surrounding Sinai-Grace is poor, access to primary healthcare is difficult, violence is high. The average life expectancy in some of the neighborhoods surrounding Sinai-Grace is sixteen years less than the state average for Michigan. 1You don’t choose to do a residency at Sinai-Grace if you’re looking for a cakewalk. Our residents knowingly sign up for a difficult residency that will make them exceptional attending physicians.

Prospects for the Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Medicine

Newly discovered compounds showing unique properties can have profound effect on development of medicine. As far as carbon is concerned, a discovery of great consequences for medicine was that of a new allotropic form of carbon known as fullerene. Recently much interest has been paid to the application of carbon nanotubes as carriers of therapeutic drugs, biosensors, in gene therapy or in anticancer therapy.

Abandonments, Solidarities and Logics of Care: Hospitals as Sites of Sectarian Conflict in Gilgit-Baltistan.

Using data collected over nearly three years of ethnographic fieldwork in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of northern Pakistan, my paper explores hospital spaces, clinical services and treatment encounters as conduits for the expression and propagation of conflictive Shia-Sunni sectarianism. Where my prior research has investigated the political etiologies (Hamdy in Am Ethnol 35(4):553-569, 2008) associated with Gilgiti women's experiences of childbirth during 'tensions', as Shia-Sunni hostilities are locally known, this paper focuses on healthcare providers' professional and personal navigations of an episode of conflict whose epicentre was at the District Headquarter Hospital, Gilgit-Baltistan's foremost government hospital. Through critical evaluation of the impacts of Shia-Sunni tensions on the social, administrative and clinical practices and consequences of medicine, my paper analyses the complex ways that clinics in crisis serve as zones of contact (Pratt in Profession 91:33-40, 1991) and abandonment (Biehl in Soc Text 68(19):131-149, 2001; Subjectivity: ethnographic investigations, 2007), in which neglect and harm are directed along lines of sectarian affiliation to produce vulnerability, spectacular violence and death for healthcare providers and patients.

Argumentacja antropologiczna w bioetyce

Bioetyka jest młodą, dynamicznie rozwijającą się nauką. Jej głównym celem jest - zdaniem niektórych - ustalenia granic etycznych dla interwencji medycznych; inni uważają, że powinnna ona prowadzić do rozwoju samej medycyny. Niezależnie, praktyczny charakter prezentowanych wyników zależy głównie od antropologicznych założeń. W opracowaniu przedstawiono niektóre główne trendy w antropologicznej dyskusji w bioetyce oraz ich konsekwencje dla medycyny.

Le monde complexe et mouvant des ARN. Première partie

Summary Since the elucidation of the genetic code approximately 40 years ago, the role of RNA in biology has gained increasing attention. Now, study of RNA is one of the fastest developing area in molecular and cellular biology. For a long time, biologists have been focused on DNA and proteins with little interest for RNA. The growing interest in genome-wide transcriptional profiling has allowed new developments in RNA research and brought important attention to the RNA world, its incredible complexity and its huge functional role within the cell and its environment. The RNA world with its remarkable range of biological processes have important implications in human health that begins only to be sketched out. In this article in two parts, we will describe the diversity of the RNA world and potential consequences in medicine.

Evidence-based medicine - Methode, Kritik und Nutzen für eine professionalisierte Handlungspraxis in der Medizin

The concept of evidence-based medicine (EBM) describes 5 steps that lead to a scientifically based solution of clinical problems. EBM is often reduced to the search for the best evidence (randomised controlled trials, meta-analyses) or the introduction of guidelines. This causes criticism and may have consequences for medicine. But EBM also emphasizes the so-called clinical expertise of the doctor, which is important for reference to the individual patient. This point of EBM is being developed further. Connected with the theory of professionalization by U. Oevermann, stressing the importance of hermeneutical competence, EBM turns out to be a sophisticated model of professional medical practice.

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics: are they still promising?

In the last several years pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics have attracted the interest of the scientific community and of important pharmaceutical groups. What is the consequence for medicine and for the pharmaceutical industry? What has emerged from this investment, and what can we expect for the future? As with many new technologies, pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics were first adapted with much enthusiasm, and then found to require time and experience, together with sustained investment, before they could take their full place in drug discovery and development. The benefits of these technologies are now emerging, however, and they have become essential tools for the pharmaceutical industry.

Keeping Pace with Opportunistic DNA

Lateral DNA Transfer Mechanisms and Consequences. Frederic Bushman. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 2002. 464 pp. $59, £43. ISBN 0-87969-603-6. Paper, $39, £28. ISBN 0-87969-621-4. Readers from graduate students to established researchers will find much of interest in Bushman's discussions of how lateral transfer occurs, the extent to which it happens, its implications for our understanding of biology, and its consequences for medicine.

15] First stages of biofilm formation: Characterization and quantification of bacterial functions involved in colonization process

This chapter discusses the Bacterial colonization of abiotic materials and biofilm formation, having important detrimental consequences in medicine (contamination of catheters, prostheses, indwelling devices, and artificial organs), and in many economic fields. There is therefore, a strong need to design surface coating methods able to interfere with the colonization process in order to prevent, or at least to delay, biofilm development. To reach this objective, increasing attention is being paid to the physiology and genetics of the initial stages of adhesion. Bacterial appendages and adhesins responsible for the linkage of the first pioneering cells to the surface (or the conditioning film) are potential targets for antiadhesion molecules grafted or smeared on the surface. The determination of the mechanisms resulting in the movement of bacteria toward surfaces—the identification of the functions involved in the sensing of the particular microenvironments encountered at interfaces, and the description of the regulatory networks allowing the developmental processes necessary for the structural development of biofilms—would help find nontoxic surface treatments able to lead the microorganisms away from the locations they usually contaminate. This would be particularly important in the field of indwelling medical devices. Any delay in the colonization process could successfully increase the capacities of the antibiotic therapy and the immunological defenses to eradicate the infection. This chapter describes methods to obtain and analyze bacterial mutants with altered adhesion properties.

Neurology in Tulp's Observationes medicae.

The beginning of the seventeenth century marked the start of a scientific revolution, which had consequences for medicine. Vesalius in anatomy, and Harvey in physiology, were important figures who gave the Hippocratic and Galenic traditions new impulses. In this period of change in medical thought, Nicolaas Tulp (1593-1674) wrote his 'Observationes Medicae' (Tulp, 1641). A controversy existed in The Netherlands, concerning the circulation, with many doctors still adhering to the Galenic tradition. The following analysis discusses some of the neurologic cases from Tulp's book, seen in the light of modern medical thought.

Ethico-legal Developments as a Consequence of Medicine in the Service of Repression: Acceptance and Resistance

Ethico-legal Developments as a Consequence of Medicine in the Service of Repression: Acceptance and Resistance

Growth--magnitude and consequences in medicine.

Growth--magnitude and consequences in medicine.