Consequences Of Social Exclusion Research Articles

Social Exclusion: A Bibliometric Analysis and Future Research Directions in Advertising

Advertisers have begun to recognize the role of inclusive advertising in consumer well-being. One way to increase inclusivity is to minimize experiences of exclusion using marketing tools. Although social exclusion is common in today’s world, current academic literature is mostly silent on how advertising can mitigate the negative effects of exclusion. This article initiates the discussion on inclusive advertising by systematically exploring the underlying phenomena of social exclusion and related concepts (e.g., marginalization, loneliness, and social isolation). Through a bibliometric approach and thematic content analyses that includes more than 490 articles published in the last two decades in marketing, including advertising, communication, and psychology journals, we evaluate the mechanisms and consequences of social exclusion. We discuss several avenues for future research, present propositions, and suggest guidelines on (1) how marketers can design inclusive advertising, (2) how advertising can cater to the needs of excluded consumers, and (3) how advertising may alleviate the negative effects of social exclusion and enhance consumer psychological well-being.

Tradition and Modernity: A Binary reading of Tess Onwueme’s the Broken Calabash

The issue of culture, tradition, and its unassailable conflict with modernity in certain parts of Africa, as obvious in several communities in Nigeria, is a challenge that affects our social development today. As it is often echoed; “it’s a man’s world”, most times women fall victim of these long-held traditions that have over time become canons we hold dear. The glib dispositions of these practices situate patriarchy at the epicenter of societal construction and places women on us, the fringes, mostly becoming unwilling casualties of unfriendly traditions. Thus, this paper examines how tradition and its attendant problems impede on the social standing and general development of the woman in society using Tess Osonye Onwueme’s play ‘The Broken Calabash”. Using the thematic content analysis approach the paper explored the potential conflict between tradition and modernity, the paper interrogates Broken Calabash as a reflection of women’s subjugation by obsolete cultural traditions, presenting alongside this, the consequences of social exclusion and the denial of rights experienced by women. The paper concludes that the dramatic experience presented by Tess Osonye Onwueme reveals the intricate relations between tradition and modernity as a potent means for the reading and understanding of texts depicting gender relations.

Проблема социального отчуждения и эффективность продовольственного потребления (теоретико-методологические аспекты)

Abstract. In the context of a steadily changing macroeconomic and geopolitical situation and the formation of a new social reality, the issues of the efficiency of food supply and consumption are coming to the fore in the policy of any state. In this regard, the object of this study is to analyze and evaluate the phenomenon of social exclusion in food consumption and its role in the development of the food supply system for the population of our country in the context of macroeconomic instability and turbulence. The objectives of the study are: to identify the most important reasons that cause the persistence of the phenomenon of social exclusion in the field of food consumption in modern Russian society; assessment of the main factors and possible consequences of social exclusion in the socio-economic development of the country; analysis of the relationship between social exclusion, the efficiency of food consumption and the level of poverty in the sphere of food consumption of the population. Methods. To achieve the goal, inductive-deductive, program-target, structural-functional, expert-analytical and historical-retrospective methods were used. Scientific novelty consists in revealing the fundamental causes and main factors of maintaining social exclusion in the sphere of food consumption and determining ways to overcome it in the new social reality. Among the causes of social exclusion in the field of food consumption are endogenous and exogenous factors: the rudimentary preservation of the remnants of the past nomenclature system of catering and its revival in the face of growing bureaucracy; a relatively low share of imported high-quality food products and a high share of low-quality domestic food products; low level of transparency in the organization of food supply; weak legal control and a high level of irresponsibility of officials in the organization of various (especially special) food practices; comparatively high rates of inflation and growth in food prices compared to other groups of goods. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of theoretical and methodological aspects of this problem and the possibilities of its application in the food policy of the state.

Social Exclusion, Epistemic Injustice, and Intellectual Self-Trust

ABSTRACT This commentary offers a coherent reading of the papers presented in the special issue ‘Exclusion, Engagement, and Empathy: Reflections on Public Participation in Medicine and Technology’. Focusing on intellectual self-trust it adds a further perspective on the harmful epistemic consequences of social exclusion for individual agents in healthcare contexts. In addition to some clarifications regarding the concepts of ‘intellectual self-trust’ and ‘social exclusion’ the commentary also examines in what ways empathy, engagement, and participatory sense-making could help to avoid threats to intellectual self-trust that arise form being excluded from participation in communicative practices in the context of healthcare.

Are patients self-referring to Lewisham Community Wellbeing (LCW) when advised to do so by the assessment and liaison psychiatry team?

AimsIt is well-recognised by the RCPsych that mental illness is both a cause and consequence of social exclusion, and thus social inclusion is an important part of recovery and leads to better outcomes for patients.The Lewisham Assessment and Liaison team Neighbourhood 4 (A&L N4) is a CMHT service that acts as an intake team for all referrals into secondary care mental health services, with the purpose of assessment and brief intervention. Currently, if a patient is assessed to potentially benefit from our local social inclusion service, Lewisham Community Wellbeing (LCW), they are advised to self-refer. However, there is no follow-up as to whether patients go on to do this.Therefore, this audit aimed to calculate:How many patients are advised to self-refer to LCW (advised referral)How many of these patients make the self-referral to LCW (completed referral)MethodThe electronic notes for patients who were accepted by the A&L N4 team from July to September 2020 were retrospectively analysed to see if an LCW self-referral was advised. A list of these patients was then given to LCW to check whether they had self-referred.ResultA&L N4 worked with 82 patients during the study period. 16 patients were advised to self-refer to LCW- an advised referral rate of 19.5%. There was notable month-to-month variation in the advised referral rate- 29.6% in July vs. 9.4% in September.Of the 16 patients advised to self-refer to LCW, 5 did so- a completed referral rate of 31.3%.ConclusionThe completed referral rate of 31.3% is difficult to interpret given there are no standards in this area. On one hand, the self-referral process as it currently exists is functioning; on the other, some two-thirds of patients are not making the most of a service deemed to be of benefit to their recovery.To improve completed referral rates, efforts should be made to better ‘sell’ LCW to the patient. Potential ways of doing this would be through closer working with LCW- for example, LCW could join the clinical meetings more regularly to discuss new services they offer and feedback any patients A&L has referred. There should also be emphasis on making the self-referral process as straightforward as possible.A secondary finding was the notable monthly variation in advised referral rates. It is important to ensure the A&L team are consistently identifying the right patients for LCW, and again, closer liaison with LCW would help achieve this.

Outcasts and saboteurs: Intervention strategies to reduce the negative effects of social exclusion on team outcomes.

The experience of social exclusion in the workplace adversely impacts employees’ well-being, job satisfaction, and productivity, and no one quite knows what to do about it. In this report, we describe the development and testing of three ostracism interventions, designed to help people cope with the negative effects of being excluded by one’s team. Across five studies, participants were assigned to a virtual ball toss game where they were either included or excluded by their teammates. Afterwards, they were given a task where they could earn money for themselves, for their entire team, or for an unrelated group (charity). Excluded participants worked less hard for their teams (even when this meant sacrificing their own earnings). This sabotage effect was specific, meaning that excluded individuals worked less hard on behalf of their teams, but not when they worked for themselves or for charity. We devised three intervention strategies—perspective, mentorship, and empowerment—to combat the negative effects of ostracism on people’s willingness to work for their teams. These interventions were successful; each increased people’s persistence in a team-based reward task, and in some cases, even raised the outcomes of excluded teammates to levels observed in included teammates. The effectiveness of these interventions also replicated successfully, using preregistered hypotheses, methods, and analyses. These studies add novel insights to a variety of fields that have examined the consequences of social exclusion, including social psychology, organizational behavior, and management science.

Development of households in the regions of Ukraine: manifestations and consequences of social exclusion

The article reveals the essence, causes, and negative consequences of social exclusion. It substantiates that poverty, unemployment, insufficient participation of an individual in the socio-economic development of the regions, and limited access to social values and life opportunities are the consequences of social exclusion. The peculiarities of the manifestation of social exclusion in terms of limiting households’ access to various types of medical services are examined. Based on the data of sample surveys on households’ self-assessment of health status and the level of accessibility of certain types of medical care conducted by the state statistical offices, its differences by place of residence are analyzed. The paper proves that the lowest level of accessibility is observed when purchasing drugs, conducting medical examinations, and receiving treatment in the hospital. The reasons that limit the accessibility of healthcare services are identified as well as a comparative analysis of the level of household access to health services at the regional and urban and rural levels is conducted. The analysis of the level of households’ access to medical services proves that the rural population is the most vulnerable to social exclusion due to the lack of facilities that provide services, lack of timely emergency medical services, and lack of nearby health facilities. The need to provide households with an adequate level of medical services both in terms of improving the opportunities to purchase medicines and the prospects of visiting a specialist of the required profile of services is substantiated. The solution of economic problems related to the growth of population incomes, investments in the development of local communities, and the completion of reforms in the sectoral decentralization sphere will play a significant role in ensuring the equality of the population in obtaining various public goods regardless of the place of residence.

Learning to cope with everyday instances of social exclusion: A review of emotional and cognitive strategies for children and adolescents

AbstractOver 20 years of research has shown that social exclusion is a pervasive and powerful form of social threat. Social exclusion causes a wide variety of negative outcomes including negative emotions and threats to fundamental human needs (i.e., self‐esteem). Most importantly, experiencing exclusion during childhood or adolescence can provoke long‐term negative effects such as depression and anxiety disorders. Despite the growing interest in this domain, only recent studies have started to examine possible coping strategies to contrast the negative effects of exclusion. In this article, we first review the empirical findings concerning the consequences of social exclusion in children and adolescent populations. Second, we focus on cognitive and socio‐emotional strategies that children and adolescents can use to deal with exclusion when it has occurred. Implications and future directions are discussed.

How social exclusion modulates social information processing: A behavioural dissociation between facial expressions and gaze direction

Social exclusion is a painful experience that is felt as a threat to the human need to belong and can lead to increased aggressive and anti-social behaviours, and results in emotional and cognitive numbness. Excluded individuals also seem to show an automatic tuning to positivity: they tend to increase their selective attention towards social acceptance signals. Despite these effects known in the literature, the consequences of social exclusion on social information processing still need to be explored in depth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of social exclusion on processing two features that are strictly bound in the appraisal of the meaning of facial expressions: gaze direction and emotional expression. In two experiments (N = 60, N = 45), participants were asked to identify gaze direction or emotional expressions from facial stimuli, in which both these features were manipulated. They performed these tasks in a four-block crossed design after being socially included or excluded using the Cyberball game. Participants’ empathy and self-reported emotions were recorded using the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and PANAS questionnaires. The Need Threat Scale and three additional questions were also used as manipulation checks in the second experiment. In both experiments, excluded participants showed to be less accurate than included participants in gaze direction discrimination. Modulatory effects of direct gaze (Experiment 1) and sad expression (Experiment 2) on the effects of social exclusion were found on response times (RTs) in the emotion recognition task. Specific differences in the reaction to social exclusion between males and females were also found in Experiment 2: excluded male participants tended to be less accurate and faster than included male participants, while excluded females showed a more accurate and slower performance than included female participants. No influence of social exclusion on PANAS or EQ scores was found. Results are discussed in the context of the importance of identifying gaze direction in appraisal theories.

Social Exclusion and Inclusion in Higher Economic Education

Information in social networks is the main source that determines the choice of a profession by school leavers. The choice of higher economic education by school leavers in recent years is subjected to fluctuations, which cause concern not only for university staff, but also for scientists. We can observe social exclusion in higher economic education, which justifies the need for its study and the relevance of this article. The purpose of the article is to analyze the causes and consequences of social exclusion and determine the prospects for social inclusion in higher economic education. It is shown that social exclusion in higher economic education appears because of explicit and implicit reasons. The indicators of adaptation of students to two systems of relations are considered. Content analysis of the requirements of employers graduates shows that graduates of higher education institutions do not have enough skills of conducting negotiations, abilities to suggest scenarios of presentations, knowledge of emotional intellect, which secure emotional control in the process of communication. To get experience of successful communication, it is recommended to use W. Ury strategies. Depending on the situation, motivation and relationship system (teacher – student; graduate–employer) it is possible to apply various strategies of W. Ury to achieve inclusion in higher economic education and prevent social exclusion, poor motivation, lack of interest in economic education, which is necessary for organization of business and successful self realization. Stages of ensuring social inclusion in higher economic education, which are the prospects for social inclusion, are suggested.

Peer status in relation to psychotic experiences and psychosocial problems in adolescents: a longitudinal school-based study.

Social exclusion is related to many adverse mental health outcomes and may be particularly harmful for mental health in adolescence when peer relations become very important. This study examined associations between low peer status and psychotic experiences, psychosocial problems and short-term courses of these symptoms. A school-based sample of adolescents (N=1171) was investigated in 2 consecutive years using the 16-item Prodromal Questionnaire and the self-report and teacher-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Peer status was measured in the second year with positive and negative peer nominations of classmates. Low peer status was, after adjusting for gender, ethnic minority status and level of education, associated with more psychosocial difficulties with a persistent course and a higher level of psychotic experiences. Of all peer status groups, being neglected had the strongest associations with mental health problems. The results of this study show that social exclusion in adolescence is related to psychotic experiences and psychosocial problems, emphasizing the importance of belonging to a social group. Customized prevention programs at individual, family and school level should target causes and consequences of social exclusion.

Youth Social Exclusion in Australian Communities: A New Index

Social exclusion is a multi-dimensional measure of disadvantage that spans a number of aspects of an individual’s life that impact upon their current and future wellbeing. For young people at an important life stage transitioning from childhood to adulthood, contributing factors to social exclusion and the consequences of social exclusion will vary. Using specialised data from the 2011 Australian Census, supplemented with national school assessment data, we use a domains approach to construct an index that is representative of youth at risk of social exclusion, using a combination of principal components and equal weighting techniques. The index provides important information that can inform direct policy action, especially in areas where the extent of relative multi-dimensional disadvantage is worse.

The leprosarium of Saint-Thomas d’Aizier: The cementochronological proof of the medieval decline of Hansen disease in Europe?

This study compares the adult survivorship profiles of people interred in the Saint-Thomas d’Aizier leprosarium, estimated by cementochronology, to eight archaeological series in northern France dated from Late Antiquity to the Late Middle Ages, periods of significant visibility for Hansen's disease (leprosy). The goals are to understand the impact of leprosy on various social groups and to explore the cause of leprosy's decline by analyzing male and female fertility. Survival rates differed between medieval leprosy-free sites and the Saint-Thomas d’Aizier leprosarium, although this difference was statistically significant only for the female leprosarium sample. The selective female frailty, a consequence of social exclusion and the collapse of the quality of life, combined with the infertility of lepromatous couples, offer a multi-causal explanation to the end of the expansion and then decline of leprosy in southern and western European countries.

Inequality in Educational Opportunity in India: Evidence and Consequence of Social Exclusion

With alarming statistics of UNESCO, that millions of Indian children are still out-of school, this study intends to address three issues in Indian context, viz., (i) to measure inequality in educational opportunities across sex, regions and income groups; (ii) to identify the responsible demand and supply side variables with estimating their explanatory power too, and (iii) to check if empowering of adult women, in terms of education and workforce participation, appear as effective means in improving school attendance rates of Indian children. The study finds an inequality driven school attendance rates for Indian children.

Mentoring at Men's Sheds: an international survey about a community approach to health and well-being

Men's Sheds are named within the Australian and Irish National Male Health Policies as an exemplar of male health and well-being and offer a range of formal and informal mentoring to counter the known consequences of social exclusion. The study aimed to report on whether Men's Sheds undertake mentoring programmes, and if so, who is being mentored; are mentors being trained, and if so by whom; and the perceived effectiveness of the mentoring programme. Furthermore, the study aimed to explore associations between sheds with a mentoring programme and factors that reflect an inclusive and a health-focused environment. All known Men's Sheds were invited to participate in the survey; of those, 324 (42.8%) Men's Sheds in Australia and 59 (48.0%) International sheds participated in the study between April and August 2012. Overall, 39.2% (n = 127) of Australian sheds and 23.7% (n = 14) of International sheds undertook formal mentoring. Youth was the most common group being mentored in both Australia (60.6%; n = 77) and Internationally (71.4%; n = 10). Over half of Australian shed co-ordinators rated their mentoring programme as moderately effective (52.8%; n = 67) and over a third as highly effective (36.2%; n = 46), while half of International shed co-ordinators rated theirs as highly effective (50.0%; n = 7). The findings from this paper support the notion that a large number of Men's Sheds offer formal mentoring programmes targeting a range of disadvantaged sub-populations, thus supporting social inclusion. Inter-generational mentoring is the most frequently occurring type of mentoring programme. While training mentors occurs at some sheds, the efficacy of this training and programme outcomes are unknown. A typology of shed types appears to be emerging based on a divergence of sheds with a more utilitarian focus and sheds that appear to embrace a health and well-being focus.

The Problem and Politics of Temporary Housing

There has been wide acknowledgement of the relationship between inadequate housing and poor health; however, temporary housing has largely escaped attention. This paper takes a socio-spatial perspective of camping ground residence, reflecting on competing narratives of the meaning of these places. The temporary nature of this housing leaves residents vulnerable to eviction and inadequate housing standards, and particularly at-risk of further homelessness. Legislation, regulation and public discourse undermine camping ground residence as a legitimate housing option. This paper examines camping grounds as sites of politics of place, where many camping ground residents live in a politically and socially unsecured space. The conception of camping grounds as housing is a complex and contested issue, regardless of any economic and social functions that camping grounds fulfil. This research is an example of the consequences of social exclusion in housing, and findings reinforce the need to take into account socio-spatial structuring of housing within policy settings.

Penny Darbyshire: Sitting in Judgment: The Working Lives of Judges

This book represents a massive undertaking by a single researcher over a period of almost 10 years. After conducting three pilot studies, Penny Darbyshire shadowed 40 judges for at least 4 days each, interviewed them, interviewed a further 37 others and had informal conversations with hundreds more during the course of the research. The bulk of the fieldwork was conducted during 2003–2005, with some observations continuing annually and information updated to 2011. Her sample encompassed salaried judges at all levels of the judicial hierarchy, from District Judges (Magistrates Courts) to Justices of the Supreme Court. Darbyshire’s professed aim in the book is ‘‘to paint a portrait of all types of judges and judicial work, including the routine’’ (2). In this she succeeds. The reader gains a clear picture of the different work of District Judges, Circuit Judges, High Court judges, Court of Appeal judges and Supreme Court judges, in criminal, civil and family jurisdictions. What all judges seem to have in common, according to Darbyshire’s account, is that they are hard working, enjoy their jobs, and are under-appreciated. They are nothing like the pompous, out-of-touch, sexist old fools of media caricature. Indeed, because of their constant exposure to the consequences of social exclusion and unhelpful government policies, they have more of a tendency towards left-liberalism (146). What the book also exposes is the creaking state of the justice system in England and Wales. With the exception of Supreme Court Justices, judges all endure buildings, facilities, staffing, IT provision and working conditions which are inadequate, sub-standard and woefully under-resourced. Their conduct of the business of the courts is also blighted by inefficiency of resource allocation; time-wasting, poor preparation and disregard for case management timetables on the part of lawyers; and increasing numbers of litigants in person.

Spatial resilience: integrating landscape ecology, resilience, and sustainability

Landscape ecology has a high potential to contribute to sustainability in the interactions of people and nature. Landscape ecologists have already made considerable progress towards a more general understanding of the relevance of spatial variation for ecosystems. Incorporating the complexities of societies and economies into landscape ecology analyses will, however, require a broader framework for thinking about spatial elements of complexity. An exciting recent development is to explicitly try to integrate landscape ecology and ideas about resilience in social–ecological systems through the concept of spatial resilience. Spatial resilience focuses on the importance of location, connectivity, and context for resilience, based on the idea that spatial variation in patterns and processes at different scales both impacts and is impacted by local system resilience. I first introduce and define the concepts of resilience and spatial resilience and then discuss some of their potential contributions to the further interdisciplinary integration of landscape ecology, complexity theory, and sustainability science. Complexity theorists have argued that many complex phenomena, such as symmetry-breaking and selection, share common underlying mechanisms regardless of system type (physical, social, ecological, or economic). Similarities in the consequences of social exclusion and habitat fragmentation provide an informative example. There are many strong parallels between pattern–process interactions in social and ecological systems, respectively, and a number of general spatial principles and mechanisms are emerging that have relevance across many different kinds of system. Landscape ecologists, with their background in spatially explicit pattern–process analysis, are well placed to contribute to this emerging research agenda.

Status Zero Youth in the Welfare Society

The term “Status Zer0” is often associated with teenage dropouts, young people with low educational achievement and poor living conditions, who are separated from the world of jobs and opportunities and consigned to a future of social exclusion. The article focuses on young men who have been marginalised in the transition from school to work, that is, those who have not completed upper secondary education and are outside the labour market at age 25. Divergent welfare regimes shape different lives for those on the margins, data from Norway indicate that young men who leave school for work in their mid-teens tend to be employed when they reach their mid-twenties, while a significant percentage of young men who are not involved in either school or work in their teens are disconnected from both when they reach their mid-twenties. Immigrant youth on non-western background is overrepresented in the Zer0 category. The Status Zer0 group, although relatively small, is also characterized by involvement with crime and drugs, which is understood as part of the process contributing to the Status Zer0 position as well as a consequence of social exclusion.

Lebenslagen und Gesundheit älterer Drogenabhängiger: Ein Literaturbericht

The paper presents the results of a literature search on “elderly drug dependents, their health status and their life circumstances”. The main findings are the following. SOCIAL EXCLUSION: Studies show that older drug dependents (45 years and older) are more stigmatized than younger ones with the consequence of social exclusion not only from society in general but also from the drug using subculture. HEALTH RISKS: (1) Drug dependence may accelerte aging processes of the brain and of other organ systems. (2) There are indications that chronic HCV-infections increase systematically the probability to develop diabetes (type 2). (3) Older drug dependents have a somewhat higher risk than younger drug dependents to acquire HIV-infections. This holds as well for drug dependents in substitution programmes. In HIV-positive drug dependent women the onset of menopause may start earlier than in HIV-negative drug dependent women, which may give rise to a number of health problems. (4) Drug dependents have many dental problems which are often taken care of rather late and therefore may cause more health problems. (5) Older drug dependents have higher rates of comorbid mental disorders than younger drug dependents - besides PTSD. TREATMENT: Older drug dependents in treatment to abstinence have somewhat higher success rates than younger drug dependents. Actually, there is a lack of studies comparing the effectiveness of substitution treatment for older and younger drug dependents. HEALTH CARE DEMAND AND SUPPLY: Older drug dependents are ambivalent regarding their health care demands in the future. Actually, in Germany, on the supply side, older drug dependents are offered only supervised housings. Discussion regarding alternative living arrangements have just started.