Personal Consent Research Articles

Applying the ‘Human Rights Model of Disability’ to Informed Consent: Experiences and Reflections from the SHAPES Project

Understanding the complexity of informed consent processes is critically important to the success of research that requires participants to test, develop, or inform research data and results. This is particularly evident in research involving persons experiencing neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, dementia) that impair cognitive functioning, who according to national law are considered to have a diminished capacity, or to lack the capacity, to consent to research participation. Those who would potentially benefit most from applied research participation may be excluded from participating and shaping data and outcomes. This article offers insights into challenges faced by the Smart and Healthy Ageing through People Engaging in Supportive Systems (SHAPES) Project in obtaining the consent of older persons, including older persons with disabilities. The promotion of continuing health, active ageing, and independent living is central to SHAPES, requiring project partners to reflect on traditional informed consent approaches to encourage the full, cognisant participation of older persons with disabilities. We examine how this issue may be addressed, with reference to the inclusive approach of SHAPES. In respecting the inalienable legal capacity of all legal persons, SHAPES uses the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the human rights model of disability as part of the theoretical framework. A novel, inclusive, representative informed consent framework was designed and is detailed herein. This framework provides significant opportunity to advance the inclusion of persons with disabilities or those experiencing neurodegenerative diseases in innovative research and is readily transferable to other research studies. The SHAPES approach is a substantial contribution to research on informed consent, demonstrating the utility of the human rights model of disability in facilitating the full research participation of target populations.

Evaluating the Causes and Consequences of Leaving the Hospital With Personal Consent in Patients of the Emergency Department

Background: Studies show that leaving the hospital with personal consent is increasing. This phenomenon has unpleasant and sometimes irreversible consequences. This study aims to investigate the causes and consequences of leaving the hospital with the personal consent of patients referred to the emergency department of hospitals affiliated with Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2021. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 345 patients were selected who, with personal consent, left the emergency department of selected hospitals affiliated with Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2021. The study data were collected via a questionnaire and a checklist. The questionnaire comprised demographic variables, patient-related factors, personnel-related factors, and hospital-related factors. The checklist of the consequences included questions about leaving the hospital with personal consent. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software, version 20. Results: Of 345 patients included in the study, 55.9% were male and the mean age of patients was 47.1 years. The most important reasons for leaving the hospital with personal consent were as follows: personal reasons (22.9%), fear of continuing treatment (11.9%), preference to continue the treatment in other medical centers (9.3%), the suggestion of other hospital staff (35.1%), not having the desired doctor (27%), nurses’ suggestion (19.4%), lack of care (20.4%), and inadequate hospital space and facilities (14.0%). The consequences of leaving the hospital with personal consent in this study included re-admission and hospitalization (10.3%), mortality (3.4%), heart disease (0.87%), and mental disorders (0.57%). Conclusion: After identifying the reasons for leaving the hospital with personal consent and highlighting the irreparable human and financial consequences, these causes should be eliminated to prevent irreparable and unfortunate consequences. Such causes include personal reasons, fear of continuing the treatment, and lack of care. Fixing the causes requires proper planning and effective actions.

ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ НЕГЛАСНОГО СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВА З МЕТОЮ... ВИЯВЛЕННЯ КРИМІНАЛЬНИХ ПРАВОПОРУШЕНЬ

The use of secret cooperation for the purpose of investigating criminal offenses is an established and effective practice that ensures timely identification and prevention of crimes, allows to prevent the commission of crimes. However, today this activity is actually outside the law, as it is not regulated by legislation and is not properly regulated at the level of subordinate acts. The purpose of the article is to refine the problem of legislative regulation of using secret cooperation for the purpose of investigating criminal offenses. The main results of the study are the justification that the use of secret cooperation for the purpose of investigating criminal offenses should be based on the norms of the law, which would establish the activity, which in theory and in practice is called «operative search». At the same time, proposals on determining the content of operative search and the list and content of specific measures that are tools for its implementation are given. Those of these tools, the conspiratorial use of which can be entrusted to undercover employees, are identified, namely: interviewing people with their voluntary consent; inspection of publicly accessible objects; inspection of publicly inaccessible objects with the voluntary consent of the persons under whose control they are; receiving confidential information with the consent of persons who have access to it; search surveillance. The research made it possible to come to the conclusion that in order to legally regulate the use of secret cooperation for the purpose of investigating criminal offenses, the Law of Ukraine «On operative-search activity» requires: first, to regulate operative search as the initial stage of operative-search activity, at which operative units, on their own initiative, take measures to find and record information on: preparation of a crime; attempts to commit crimes; committing a completed (but undetected) crime; secondly, to the grounds of operative-search activity (Article 6 of the Law of Ukraine «On operative-search activity»), include the item: «prevention, early detection and suppression of crimes and expose the causes and conditions conducive to the crime»; thirdly, submit a comprehensive list of operational-search measures; fourthly, to provide for the possibility of conspiratorial implementation of specific operational-search measures by an undercover employee; fifth, separately and in detail regulate the most important issues of secret cooperation, namely: its content and forms, the mechanism of attracting people to cooperation, the powers of secret employees, the issue of ensuring their conspiracy, security and social protection, etc.

교회법적 차원에서 시노달리타스의 실현

“It is precisely this path of synodality which God expects of the Church of the third millennium.” (Address of His Holiness Pope Francis Ceremony Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Institution of the Synod of Bishops, October 17, 2015) (https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/it/speeches/2015/october/documents/papa-francesco_20151017_50-anniversario-sinodo.html)(September 26, 2022)
 This declaration was made by Pope Francis in his address to com-memorate the 50th anniversary of the institution of the Synod of Bishops in 2015. These words seem to point out the way the church should walk on its earthly pilgrimage. Synodalitas is the way of life and activity of the Church, which expresses the Church as the mystery of communion.
 The time and meeting of the Synod held at the diocesan level is mean-ingful in listening to and discerning the daily problems that people face and illuminating the way the church should take.
 At the canonical level, the spirit of ‘communion, participation, and mis-sion’ is concretely expressed through such organizations as diocesan synods, presbyteral councils, pastoral councils and financial councils, and financial councils, and parish pastoral councils and financial councils in the process of decision-making and implementation of certain issues. The canon law guaran-tees this spirit of synodalitas in the form of consultation and consent based on shared responsibility.
 First of all, consent binds the superior for whom consent is to be obtained by law. Insofar as it is obligatory to obtain consent, any juristic act is invalid if it is not followed. On the other hand, since counsel is not legally binding, the superior may not follow the counsel if necessary. However, if counsel is required, it must be sought for the validity of the act. Without seeking counsel, which is obligatory, the juridic act of a superior is invalid. The diocesan bishop does not respect the right of counsel and consent of qualified persons merely at the level of prudence. Rather, he must listen to the voice of ‘sense of the faith’ (sensus fidei) among the baptized faithful through counsel and consent according to the spirit of the synodalitas, which is the way of life and activity of the Church. In other words, the diocesan bishop must fulfill his responsibilities before the invisible God, who speaks in the form of counsel and consent to be obtained by the canonical bodies. Even though such counsels and consents sound like voice of people phenom-enally, they can be considered a form of patrimony which the Church has accumulated and inherited throughout the world. It is in this respect that the participation, expression and acceptance of all on the basis of common re-sponsibility never exempts the diocesan Bishop from the individual responsi-bility of the divine authority he has received from Christ the Lord. On the other hand, it is precisely for this reason that the faithful must accept and follow, in the spirit of obedience, the decisions of the diocesan Bishop on the proposals expressed in accordance with the spirit of synodalitas.

On Holistic Psychosomatic Nature Of Bioenergycorrection

Bioenergycorrection as an ancient way of correcting vital energy flow is well known in many multi-millennial traditions, having withstood the test of time to this day, with some modern modifications. On the wave of the expansion of integrative medicine since the mid-1990s in China, the US and Europe, some bioenergycorrection techniques have been subjected to scientific research and have been included in the curricula of medical schools therein. We emphasize that numerous transpersonal phenomena associated with consciousness and psychosomatic bioenergycorrection are phenomenologically well documented, and that their physical explanation should be sought at the very border of the existing scientific paradigm. Within our quantum-holographic / quantum-gravitational (QHQG) theoretical framework of the acupuncture system, consciousness, and vital energy, they are of a deeper quantum-gravitational origin, with exotic aspects of spatio-temporal tunnels and vital energy extended to acupuncture channels (of exotic vacuum-like refractive index!) with transpersonal quantum-entangling inflow of vital energy. It should also be noted that the healing effects on the patient's acupuncture system / consciousness are often blocked by quantum-holographically encoded spiritual personal consent to the disease as a form of (self) punishment (as evidenced by the subjects' experiences in post-hypnotic regressions), when prayers and self-love for oneself and others are necessary with the aim of ending (self) punishment - thus performing spiritual integration of the personality, i.e. dis-entanglement of transpersonal energy blockages, which triggers the process of permanent healing. Such spiritual indeterministic interventions by introducing new vacuum excitations of vital energy in the otherwise deterministic quantum-holographic evolution of collective consciousness (similar to the spiritually-excited and mentally-channeled Ayurvedic, Qigong, Reiki and modern experiences of local and transpersonal healing, thus non-Schrodinger imposing necessary essentially new boundary conditions!) - can permanently remove as a net effect the whole mutual conflict between two people, which is also the greatest source of freedom in optimizing life programs through spiritual cleansing. This significantly contributes to our understanding that even the most severe psychosomatic disorders have their roots in energy-informational blockages, and that healing begins by removing them - first by loving oneself, accepting oneself and forgiving oneself, which is then manifested by loving others and accepting others (e.g. spiritually dis-entangling / unleashing repentant-forgiving prayer)!

Consent, mutuality and respect for persons as standards for ethical sex and for sex education

Abstract This article examines Lamb, Gable & de Ruyter's critique of consent as the standard by which one can determine if a sexual encounter is ethical in their ‘Mutuality in sexual relationships: a standard of ethical sex?’. Their examination of this issue is to be welcomed for a number of reasons, including growing criticism of ‘consent’ as the gold standard in medical and social science research ethics. The focus of this article is specifically on school sex education (principally, for 11–16-year-olds). Contrary to Lamb et al., I argue that it is difficult to maintain that ‘The standard of mutuality should be taught in all schools and the government should indeed demand or support this, even with checks to see if children have learned this standard, at least in attitudes about sexual behavior’ for three reasons. First, while there are good arguments in favour of school children being introduced to the ideal of mutuality, it seems too high a bar to require children to ‘have learned’—a phrase that can be taken to mean to ‘have come to accept’ rather than merely to ‘understand’—this; consent is a more appropriate requirement and is itself a sufficiently rich term that it merits analysis by students, aided by their teachers. Second, my judgement as a sex educator is that sex education is more effective when students are given the opportunity to explore what is good and what is right, rather than simply being told. Third, if we have to adopt a single principle, there is much to be said for ‘respect for others’ to trump both ‘consent’ and ‘mutuality’.

Physics Teachers’ Perceptions about Their Judgments within Differentiated Learning Environments: A Case for the Implementation of Technology

There is a national shift in the new Indonesian curriculum towards employing differentiated learning approaches in addressing the diversity of students’ needs and abilities. A teachers’ judgment evidently corresponds to the duty required of physics teachers to monitor their students at an individual level. Within the context of Indonesian physics education research (PER), empirical study addressing this subject is still lacking. To fill this gap, eight Indonesian physics teachers’ experiences and limitations about their judgments within differentiated learning environments have been investigated through phenomenological study. Physics teachers were voluntarily recruited after they declared their endorsement and personal consent to participate in the study. Our participants were distributed over several teaching experiences, geographic regions, and information and communication technology (ICT) experiences. The latter experience might be taken into account since, through this study, upcoming developmental research will be projected on engaging recent technological approaches to address the limitations of teachers’ judgments. Online semi-structured interviews (~50 min) were conducted by the first author to all physics teachers involved. Other authors contributed in reviewing the interview protocol and training the first author’s pilot interview. The model of teachers’ thought and action, from Clark and Peterson, was implemented to uncover physics teachers’ experiences and limitations in making judgments within a diverse group of students. The findings revealed that physics teachers have conceded that they should dynamically adapt the learning process in order to meet heterogeneous students’ performances. Personal observation has mainly informed teachers in identifying students’ differences. After students have been identified, the teachers creatively designed learning transformations to accommodate the wide spectrum of students’ abilities. Nevertheless, several limitations were discovered as being encountered by physics teachers, particularly in terms of judgments’ equity and accuracy, as well as the teachers’ workloads. To overcome this, the teachers indicated various and supportive attitudes about technological implementations that would assist their judgments. Ideas for technological development were provided to address identified obstacles during the teachers’ judgments.

Adverse Reaction of Acupuncture and Antihypertensive Drugs for Treatment of Essential hypertension: A Protocol for Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.

Background Hypertension, as a high risk factor of cardiovascular disease, has led to a significant upward trend in the population and incidence of the disease. Hypertension patients need to take antihypertensive drugs for life, and therefore people gradually pay more attention to the adverse reactions of antihypertensive drugs. This study protocol outlines a plan to assess the adverse reaction of the different antihypertensive drugs and acupuncture in order for clinical application. Objective To compare the side effects of different antihypertensive drugs and acupuncture in the treatment of hypertension. Methods and analysis. We will search the databases containing CNKI, Wan-Fang database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database(VIP), PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of commonly used antihypertensive drugs or acupuncture for primary hypertension will be obtained. Then, Stata14.0 and Gemtc will be used to assess the statistics. Ethics and dissemination. Since no personal patient consent will be required in the study, there is no ethical approval. The results of this reporting will be submitted to a peer-reviewed publication. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020152703.

Privacy and Trust in the Internet of Vehicles

The Internet of Vehicles aims to fundamentally improve transportation by connecting vehicles, drivers, passengers, and service providers together. Several new services such as parking space identification, platooning and intersection control—to name just a few—are expected to improve traffic congestion, reduce pollution, and improve the efficiency, safety and logistics of transportation. Proposed end-user services, however, make extensive use of private information with little consideration for the impact on users and third parties (those individuals whose information is indirectly involved). This article provides the first comprehensive overview of privacy and trust issues in the Internet of Vehicles at the service level. Various concerns over privacy are formalised into four basic categories: personal information privacy, multi-party privacy, trust, and consent to share information. To help analyse services and to facilitate future research, the main relevant end-user services are taxonomised according to voluntary and involuntary information they require and produce. Finally, this work identifies several open research problems and highlights general approaches to address them. These especially relate to measuring the trade-off between privacy and service functionality, automated consent negotiation, trust towards the IoV and its individual services, and identifying and resolving multi-party privacy conflicts.

Drug Utilization Evaluation of Antibiotics in Burn Patients at a Referral Teaching Hospital

Background: Nowadays, due to the irrational and excessive use of antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance has become one of the main concerns of the medical community. Patients with burns are more prone to infections due to the loss of the skin's defense barrier and a weakened immune system. Therefore, proper antibiotic treatment is essential in these patients. In the present study, the rational use of antibiotics in the burn hospital of Imam Mousa Kazem in Isfahan was evaluated.
 Methods: This prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 102 hospitalized patients over 9 months (from January to September 2020). Adult burn patients who received at least one antibiotic were included in the study. All required information, including demographic data, the prescribed antibiotic, basis of administration (empiric vs. culture-based), dose and duration of use, microbial culture test, and treatment outcome were recorded in the data collection form by referring to patients’ medical profile and the hospital computer system. Judgments about the accuracy of the indication, dose, and duration of treatment, as well as the need for dose adjustment in renal or hepatic impairment were made using related guidelines and references.
 Results: Among the 196 antibiotic prescriptions, cefepime (40.3%) was the most frequently used antibiotic, followed by vancomycin (17.9%) and meropenem (16.8%). Most prescriptions were empirical, while the antibiotics were administered based on the microbial culture results only in two cases (1.9%). The indication of use was correct in 52.6% of prescriptions (n = 103), of which 74.8% (n = 77) had correct dose. In addition, in 47 cases (45.6%), the duration of antibiotic therapy was correct. 6.8% of the patients died, 10.75 discharged with the patient's personal consent, and the rest of the them discharged in good condition.
 Conclusion: Prescribing antibiotics in Imam Moussa Kazem Hospital is associated with many errors in various aspects, including indication, dose, de-escalation, and duration of treatment.

ФОТОГРАФІЧНИЙ ТВІР ЯК ОБ’ЄКТ ПРАВОВОЇ ОХОРОНИ

The article analyzes a photographic work as an object of legal protection. The author researches the peculiarities of legal protection of photographs, characterizes their legal nature, analyzes the peculiarities of the exercise of copyright in photographs. It is established that a photographic work can exist in various forms, but as of today photography is created and exists mainly in digital form, which determines the peculiarities of the exercise and protection of rights to it. It is highlighted that the national copyright law does not contain a definition of a photographic work, a photograph as well as a work made by means similar to a photograph, which is a shortcoming of legal regulation. It is proved that the object of legal protection is a photographic work, not a photograph, which may have all the features of the object of copyright. In addition, it is substantiated that the legal regime of a photographic work is also not defined in the legislation of Ukraine, which is a shortcoming of legal regulation. It is established that the Law of Ukraine «On Copyright and Related Rights» practically does not pay attention to the characteristics of a photographic work, only mentioning it among the objects of copyright. Moreover, it is proved that the features of a photographic work as an object of copyright are its creative character (as a result of creative activity), original character (expressed in a creative way of expressing the author’s idea – framing, lighting, focus, camera settings, etc.) and objective form of expression as a result of transferring the work from the author’s consciousness in the form of a creative idea to an independent material object, mainly in digital form). It is established that the creative and original nature of photography are often identified as features of the object of copyright. In turn, it is justified that a photograph and other works of art depicting an individual may be publicly shown, reproduced, distributed only with the consent of this person, and in case of his death – with the consent of persons specified by the law. It is proved that such an institution as the freedom of panorama, which characterizes the ability to photograph architectural objects that are in public places, is practically not regulated at the level of law. Consequently, it is established that the right to photograph the relevant architectural object as an object of copyright belongs to the personal non-property rights of the architect, but this approach of the legislator seems questionable, as the photography is a way to capture and reproduce the object of architectural activity as an object of copyright, which is a way to use property rights as a copyright. The imperfection of the application of the so-called «take down notice» procedure, provided for in Art. 52-1 of the Law of Ukraine «On Copyright and Related Rights», is stated, as this out-of-court procedure for protection of copyright in the digital environment does not apply to photographic works, which is a shortcoming of legal regulation.

Determinants of sexual satisfaction among Bosnian and Herzegovinian women

Introduction: Sexual satisfaction is the pleasure an individual feels both physically and psychologically, and is the result of erotic experiences, thoughts, dreams, and autoeroticism. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to present the determinants of sexual satisfaction among Bosnian and Herzegovinian women. Methods: The survey was conducted on 387 Bosnian and Herzegovinian women via online questionnaire that consisted of demographic data and 17 statements. The validated questionnaire was used with some adaptations and contained a 5-point Likert scale for each statement, ranging from “not at all satisfied” to “extremely satisfied.” The inclusion criteria were: (a) Age 18–60 years; and (b) completion of the questionnaire as personal consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. Results: Data collection was conducted from July 2020 to September 2020. The realization rate of the sample was 24.19%. Most of the participants have a high school diploma, most are between 18 and 24 years old and most are currently married. Thirty-five percent of women sometimes experience pain during intercourse (less than half the time). The lower half of the vagina (from the vaginal entrance to the half of the vagina) and the lower part of the abdomen are usually most affected. A relationship was found between the number of children and sexual satisfaction. Women without children were the most satisfied with their sexual life, followed by women who had only one or two children. Conclusions: Every woman has the right to feel sexual satisfaction. The complexity of sexual satisfaction is reflected in many determinants and factors that can influence it positively and negatively.

A Study on the Personal Information Consent System ― Focused on Sanctions and Remedies for Violations ―

A Study on the Personal Information Consent System ― Focused on Sanctions and Remedies for Violations ―

Land Registry Framework Based on Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) for Environmental Sustainability

Providing a system user with a unique and secure identity is a prerequisite for authentication and authorization aspects of a security system. It is generally understood that the existing digital identity systems store the identity details in centralized databases, and users store the identity details in centralized databases in which users do not have any control over them. These vulnerabilities in the traditional digital identities make them susceptible to various malicious assaults and modifications. Users’ personally identifiable information (PII) may leak through these identity solutions that can consequently affect other applications being used by the users, and they have no control over them. Land registration is a major domain of governance that defines civilians’ well-being and needs to be handled properly to avoid conflict and to support Environmental Sustainability. These traditional land registry applications also lack identity parameters due to weaknesses in identity solutions. A secure and reliable digital identity solution is the need of the hour. Self-sovereign identity (SSI), a new concept, is becoming more popular as a secure and reliable identity solution for users based on identity principles. SSI provides users with a way to control their personal information and consent for it to be used in various ways. In addition, the user’s identity details are stored in a decentralized manner, which helps to overcome the problems with digital identity solutions. This article reviews existing SSI solutions and analyzes them using SSI principles. It also assesses the SSI components required for constructing SSI frameworks that adhere to the SSI principles. Furthermore, it defines the procedures for establishing an SSI ecosystem, explores the laws governing digital identity that governments have adopted, and identifies SSI applications in several fields. Finally, a review of SSI applications in the domain of land registry systems is given in order to propose an SSI-based land registry framework for a secure and reliable land registry system.

CONCEPT OF RETRACTABLE CONSENT IN MINISTER OF EDUCATION’S REGULATION REGARDING SEXUAL VIOLENCE ON CAMPUS

The Regulation of Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (Permendikbud) 30/2021 is a response to the high level of sexual violence case perpetrated by individuals in universities in Indonesia. The existence of a victim's consent instrument in Permendikbud 30/2021 as a differentiator between sexual violence and a consensual relationship is a new thing in legal regulation in Indonesia. This research aims to explain the concept of retractable consent and its application in Permendikbud 30/2021. This study uses a descriptive analysis method to data sources on regulations that are considered relevant to the agreement of the parties in general, and regulations related to sexual violence in particular. The results show that retractable consent in cases of sexual violence is the consent of one of the parties involved in sexual activities that can be withdrawn or canceled at any time, even when sexual activity has started. In this concept, the agreement has the nature of sustainability. Permendikbud 30/2021 regulates the invalidity of consent with certain conditions, so that the consent given by one of the parties in a sexual activity can be considered legally invalid. According to Permendikbud 30/2021 victims of sexual violence who apply personal consent retraction (cancellation or withdrawal of consent for personal reasons) should also be included in the victim category.

INDIVIDUAL-TYPOLOGICAL APPROACH IN EVALUATION OF VITAMIN D CONTENT AND ITS ERGOGENIC EFFECTS IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN PREGRAVIDARY PREPARATION

The development of a new direction in preventive medicine and obstetric practice requires the active development and implementation of effective comprehensive programs to optimize motor activity, increase the functional capabilities of the body and dynamic control of the content of vitamin D in the blood serum of women of reproductive age. Materials and methods. 133 patients aged 20-35 years with normal body weight (70 women of group I) and overweight (63 women of group II) had a consistent increase in the level of motor activity (mobile applications on Android and Apple platforms) by 1 cent for 7 days for 5-7 weeks, which was combined with the appointment of vitamin D (respectively at a dose of 2000 ME/ day and 4000 ME/ day. The evaluation of the effectiveness of pregravidar preparation is given taking into account the dynamics of body weight, as well as the content of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in blood serum [25 (OH)D], total and ionized calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone in comparison with the initial data. Results. In comparison with the initial data after pregravidar preparation using the author's algorithm for increasing motor activity and the appointment of vitamin D, unidirectional positive effects of exercise tolerance and the dynamics of phosphorus-calcium metabolism in both groups were established within the reference values, but with higher serum levels of total and ionized calcium, phosphorus and a decrease in parathyroid hormone in women with normal body weight compared with women with BMI. Conclusions. The combined use of the proposed daily physical activity with the appointment of vitamin D determined an increase in its content in blood serum, a decrease in body weight and an increase in the effectiveness of pregnancy in women with a BMI of up to 52.3%, and in women with normal body weight up to 91.4%. A comparative analysis of the results of vitamin D content and its ergogenic effects in women of reproductive age allows for a consistent centile increase in the daily number of locomotions and the administration of vitamin D up to 10-12 weeks and the approximation of body weight to the upper limit of the regulatory corridor (75-90 cents) in women with BMI, taking into account their personal consent and under dynamic control of calcium-phosphorus metabolism.

Comparison of the effect of kalsitrapine and metformin as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: Chronic anovulation is one of the most common causes of infertility. In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), other factors related to oocyte quality or endometrial and nesting disorders may also play a role. Infertile and non-ovulatory women who tend to become pregnant are candidates for ovulation induction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Kalsitrapine and metformin on the treatment of patients with PCOS.Methods: The clinical trial study was performed on 80 female patients with PCOS who had referred to Ardabil city hospital for infertility treatment were randomly divided in two groups with personal consent. One group received Kalsitrapine and another group received metformin.Results: The mean age of all patients was 26.08±5.21. There was no significant difference between 2 groups in term of age and BMI. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of primary and secondary infertility. The mean duration of infertility was 3.68±3.49 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of infertility duration. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of the type of menstrual cycle. The response rate to treatment was 17.5% in the metformin group and 10% in the Kalsitrapine group. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of response to treatment. In comparison, none of the studied factors in the 2 groups was significantly associated with the response to treatment.Conclusions: It is true that the recovery rate of the herbal medicine Kalcitropine in this study was slightly lower than metformin, but due to the side effects of metformin, including lethargy, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, constipation, bloating, weight loss, heartburn, nausea and Vomiting, unpleasant taste of metal in the mouth In some people, such people may be prescribed kalcitrapine for a longer period of time to evaluate its effect.

Investigating the relationship between psychological measures of the personality type D and Blood factors fluctuations among patients ready, before and after surgery

Introduction: Apart from its type and extent surgery is a severe and stressful situation for patients. Among ready surgery patients, in addition to physical variables, psychological components also affect their quality of life. The aim of the present study is investigating the relationship between psychological measures of the personality type D and Blood factors fluctuations among ready surgery patients, before and after surgery. Method and materials: The present study was an analytical one and it was descriptive and inferential before and after the surgery. The statistical population included patients ready for surgery referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ilam in 2019. Among them, 60 people (30 women and 30 men) were selected through the available sampling. Before the surgery, the participants responded the personal consent and personality type D questionnaire (DS-14). Mean and standard deviation of data using SPSS20 software were calculated. Also, the related relationships with the blood factors before and after surgery were measured by paired t-test and Pearson test. Results: The results showed that the blood variables of (WBC: p≤0.006; r=348**) RBC: p≤0.048; r=-256، ((Neu: p≤0.031; r=282، ((Lym: p≤0.006; r=354 (have a significant inverse relationship with character D. Discussion: Knowing exactly the people with the personality type D and the impact of this personality type on blood factors before and after surgery was a good guide for the psychological interventions.

Assessment of Social Trust in Relatives of Discharged Patients With Personal Consent and Other Relatives of Patients.

Lack of social trust in the physician–patient relationship will disrupt health. Since social trust has not been sufficiently studied in patients' companions, this study investigates and compares social trust and its dimensions in companions of patients discharged against medical advice with total patients’ companions in the emergency room. In this cross-sectional descriptive-comparative study, 385 patients’ companions were enrolled. This study was done by a questionnaire with five subscales: honesty, frankness, cooperative tendency, confidence, and trust. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical statistics methods. In this study, there was no significant difference between the mean score of social trust between companions of patients discharged against medical advice (61.11 ± 9.01) and patients discharged after treatment (62.27 ± 6.97). There was a significant relationship between the mean score of the 2 groups only in the frankness domain (P-value = .001). The level of social trust in the patients’ companions was moderate in both groups. Companions of discharged patients after completing the treatment process are more explicit than the companions of patients discharged against medical advice.

Research on the Realization Path of Consent Withdrawal Right in Personal Information Protection

With the comprehensive popularization of big data technology, the protection of personal information has gradually become a major challenge that all sectors of society must face. Although the Personal Information Protection Law promulgated by the state and relevant departments provides an objective basis for the protection of citizens' personal information and can protect citizens' legitimate rights and interests, from the present situation, especially for the protection of Internet information, there is still a lack of perfect laws and regulations, which leads to the dead angle of personal information protection and affects the effectiveness of personal information protection. Based on this, this paper focuses on the right of consent withdrawal in the protection of personal information, expounds the present situation of the authorization mode of personal information consent in personal information processing, and analyzes the existing problems. It is hoped that through the research of this paper, we can achieve the effect of attracting jade, and provide reference for the further improvement of relevant laws and regulations.