Consecutive Rest Research Articles

Changes in Behaviour and Voluntary Physical Activity Exhibited by Sled Dogs throughout Incremental Exercise Conditioning and Intermittent Rest Days.

Simple SummaryIt is important to understand how typical exercise regimens for sled dogs affect their behaviour. Furthermore, rest and recovery are an equally important part of a conditioning period. Understanding how behaviour and voluntary physical activity change throughout both exercise and rest periods may assist in optimising conditioning to maximise the exercise capacity of dogs, while keeping their well-being in mind. Sled dogs decreased their voluntary activity and locomotive behaviours as they progressed throughout their training but seem to demonstrate a recovery of the reduced voluntary activity when given two consecutive rest days. These findings could be used by mushers and working dog owners to improve the conditioning periods and overall wellbeing of their sled dogs.Participation in repetitive endurance training decreases sled dogs’ voluntary activity and locomotive behaviours; however, the changes in their voluntary physical activity over consecutive rest days has not been examined to assess exercise-recovery. The objective of this study was to examine the changes in behaviour and voluntary activity of sled dogs throughout repetitive incremental conditioning and intermittent rest days. Fourteen dogs (6 males, 8 females; age 3.7 ± 2.7 years; BW 21.5 ± 2.8 kg) underwent 10 weeks of conditioning. Once a week, 5-min video recordings were taken pre- and post-exercise to measure the time spent performing agonistic behaviours, chewing on the gangline, digging, jumping, lunging, posture changing, sitting, standing and lying. Additionally, voluntary physical activity was measured on a day with an exercise bout during baseline, week 4, 5 and 7 and two consecutive rest days during baseline, week 1, 4, 5 and 7. A repeated-measures mixed model was used to analyse data in SAS (v 9.4.). As dogs progressed through their conditioning, the time spent changing posture prior to an exercise bout decreased (p < 0.05), suggesting that dogs may reduce their voluntary locomotive behaviours with increasing exercise. Additionally, dogs were more active during the second consecutive rest day than the first (p < 0.05), suggesting that rest days may provide a short-term recovery period.

Acute stress disorder, coping self-efficacy and subsequent psychological distress among nurses amid COVID-19.

PurposeHealth care professionals, particularly nurses, are considered a vulnerable group to experience acute stress disorder (ASD) and subsequent psychological distress amid COVID‐19 pandemic. This study aims to establish the prevalence of acute stress disorder and predictors of psychological distress among Jordanian nurses.MethodsA quantitative, cross‐sectional, descriptive and comparative design was used. Data were collected using a Web‐based survey. A total of 448 Jordanian nurses (73% females) completed and returned the study questionnaire.ResultsThe majority of nurses (64%) are experiencing ASD due to the COVID‐19 pandemic and thus are at risk for PTSD predisposition. More than one‐third of nurses (41%) are also suffering significant psychological distress. Among our sample, age, ASD and coping self‐efficacy significantly predicted psychological distress. More specifically, younger nurses are more prone to experience psychological distress than older ones. While higher scores on ASD showed more resultant psychological distress, coping self‐efficacy was a protective factor.ConclusionGiven that individuals who suffer from ASD are predisposed to PTSD, follow‐up with nurses to screen for PTSD and referral to appropriate psychological services is pivotal. Coping self‐efficacy is found to ameliorate the effect of psychological distress on nurses' traumatic experience. Such findings warrant intensive efforts from health care institutions to provide psychosocial support services for nurses and ongoing efforts to screen them for traumatic and psychological distress symptoms.Implications for Nursing ManagementNursing leaders and managers are in the forefront of responding to the unique needs of their workforces during the COVID‐19 crisis. They need to implement stress‐reduction strategies for nurses through providing consecutive rest days, rotating allocations of complex patients, arranging support services and being accessible to staff. They also need to ensure nurses' personal safety through securing and providing personal safety measures and undertake briefings to ensure their staff's physical and mental well‐being, as well as providing referrals to appropriate psychological services.

EFFECTS OF CONTRAST WATER THERAPY ON THE RECOVERY OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY FOLLOWING ECCENTRIC EXERCISE

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of hot/cold immersion therapy and passive recovery following maximal eccentric exercise of the bilateral knee extensors on heart rate variability. METHODS: 14 health college males (18-22 yrs) were recruited and randimly assigned into the contrast water therapy (CWT) or passive recovery (CON) group (n=7 per group). Each participant performed 10 sets of 10 maximal isokinetic (30°/s) eccentric contractions (MaxECC) of each knee extensors. Contrast water therapy (8°C × 1 min and 45°C × 4 minutes, 3 reps), or the passive recovery interventions (15-min consecutive rest) were taken at 30 minutes post-MaxECC. Heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were collected by the portable heart rate monitor at 5 mins before, and 0-5, 10-15 and 25-30 mins after interventions. RESULTS: During the first 5 mins after interventions, mean HR (95.4 ± 11.1 bpm) and the normalized units of high frequency power (23.6 ± 10.3 nu) of the CWT group showed significantly higher value than the CON group (81.5 ± 11.6 bpm, 18.5 ± 9.0 nu; P<0.05), the mean R-R intervals (636.8 ± 78.8 ms), the standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (26.1 ± 6.6 ms) and the square root of the mean squared differences between adjacent R-R intervals (17.2 ± 7.7 ms) for CWT showed significantly lower than that of CON (749.3 ± 105.4 ms, 46.1 ± 17.7 ms, 33.0 ± 12.8 ms; P < .05). However, 10-15 and 25-30 mins after interventions, all HRV parameters between the two groups showed no significant difference (P > .05). CONCLUSION: These findings supported the hypothesis and suggested that one session of 15 mins CWT after eccentric exercise could be increased parasympathetic-related activation in cardiac autonomic regulation, but the effect only lasting for 10 mins. Keywords: autonomic nervous system, parasympathetic activation, normalization of high-frequency power

Recurrent 99mTc Sestamibi Emboli in the Lungs Revealed on Consecutive Rest and Stress Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Images.

Many causes of incidental focal uptake on raw data images using myocardial perfusion imaging, including malignant diseases, metastatic processes, benign pathologies, and physiological conditions, have been reported in the literature. However, iatrogenic 99mTc sestamibi emboli have not yet been reported. Herein, we demonstrated iatrogenic 99mTc sestamibi embolization on consecutive rest and stressed myocardial perfusion images at different locations.

Comparison of the dyssynchrony parameters recorded with gated SPECT in ischemic cardiomyopathy according to their repeatability at rest and to their ability to detect a synchrony reserve under dobutamine infusion

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine whether the repeatability of dyssynchrony assessment using gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (GSPECT) allows the detection of synchrony reserve during low-dose dobutamine infusion. Methods and ResultsSixty-one patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and LV ejection fraction < 50% were prospectively included in 10 centers. Each patient underwent two consecutive rest GSPECT with 99mTc-labeled tracer (either tetrofosmin or sestamibi) to assess the repeatability of LV function and dyssynchrony parameters, followed by a GSECT acquisition during low-dose dobutamine infusion. LV dyssynchrony was assessed using QGS software through histogram bandwidth (BW), standard deviation of the phase (SD), and entropy. Repeatability was assessed with Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Entropy showed a higher CCC (0.80) compared to BW (0.68) and SD (0.75). On average, dobutamine infusion yielded to improve both BW (P = .049) and entropy (P = .04) although significant improvements, setting outside the 95% confidence interval of the repeatability analysis, were documented in only 6 and 4 patients for BW and entropy, respectively. ConclusionsA synchrony reserve may be documented in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy through the recording of BW and entropy with low-dose dobutamine GSPECT, with the additional advantage of a higher repeatability for entropy.

Analysis of the Location of Service and Rest Areas and their facilities in Spanish paying motorways

Abstract A service area can be defined as the area next to the road designed for providing services to road users such as, petrol stations, hotels, restaurants, etc. Rest areas are places next to the road with a parking area and facilities that are used by motorists to have rest in their travels, like toilets and picnic areas. These areas are usual in all type of roads, but are especially necessary in high capacity roads, such as motorways (paying or not) or multi-lane highways, which generally serve long distance traffic. When travelling long distances, mainly in holiday periods, service and rest areas provide the essential services like toilets, petrol stations or restaurants and assure a place for the necessary relaxing time after a two-hour period, as it is usually recommended in long travels. In paying motorways, if a vehicle exits in an intermediate point and returns to it, a higher quantity must be paid than if all the distance is completed without exiting. Consequently, due to the special configuration of paying motorways, service and rest areas located in the route are the only accessible place where motorists can rest or access to services. Therefore, facilities provided in these areas and distances between them are a vital issue for road safety. The aim of this paper is to analyze the facilities offered in service and rest areas and the distances between consecutive rest areas in Spanish paying motorways. A total network of more than 2.800 km is evaluated and observed deficiencies are indicated

Work-related self-assessed fatigue and recovery among nurses.

Adequate recovery opportunities are crucial for preventing long-term health effects of acute load reactions in response to stressful work. However, little is known about the time course of recovery from work during non-working days. Thus, the present study assessed recovery from two consecutive 12-hours day shifts during a period of three rest days among nurses. In total, 48 nurses (89.6% females) working in three public Austrian nursing homes completed 5-day self-reporting diaries prior to a work phase consisting of two consecutive 12-hours day shifts followed by three consecutive rest days. Therefore, morning and evening fatigue, distress, vigor and sleep were self-assessed by standardized questionnaires. We analyzed the data using multivariate analysis of variance for repeated measures. Study participants experienced worse well-being and a greater decline in well-being on working days compared to rest days. Well-being increased from rest day 1 to rest day 2 in fatigue, vigor and distress. Rest day 2 to rest day 3 showed a further improvement in fatigue and vigor. Understanding the concepts of allostatic load, need for recovery and fatigue is essential to develop personalized working schedules. The results suggest that at least three rest days are necessary for full recovery after two consecutive 12-hours day shifts. Thus, adequate time for recovery enables nurses to maintain caring attitudes with patients, thus contributing to patient safety.

Temporal correlation of fMRI and EEG with asymmetric fusion

Event Abstract Back to Event Temporal correlation of fMRI and EEG with asymmetric fusion Adil Deniz A. Duru1*, Itır Kaşıkçı2, Elif Kurt3, Ahmet Ademoğlu4 and Tamer Demiralp5 1 Biomedical Eng. Inst, Türkiye 2 Neuroscience Dept. Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Türkiye 3 Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Türkiye 4 Biomedical Eng. Inst. Bogazici University, Türkiye 5 Istanbul Medical Faculty, Physiology Department, Istanbul University, Türkiye The relationship between the hemodynamic response and the electro-physiological activity of the brain is investigated non-invasively using fMRI and EEG measurements. Simultaneous recordings of these two modalities allow us to analyze the spatiotemporal correlation between the electrophysiological activities and the BOLD signal. We perform an asymmetric EEG-fMRI fusion on a voxel level by using the electrical and hemodynamic steady state visual responses of the brain. A bayesian source localization algorithm is used to project the sensor space EEG data into the source space in which the fMRI BOLD is directly measured. The EEG and fMRI data are spatio-temporally co-registered to obtain statistical parameter maps that show their temporal correlation on a spatial cortical manifold. Flashing light stimuli covering the alpha range at 6, 8, 10 and 12 Hz are presented to healthy subjects in a boxcar design consisting of 3 consecutive rest and stimulation periods and the EEG and fMRI data are simultaneously recorded. The statistical maps of correlations of hemodynamic responses with the source space EEG are determined. In general, a high positive correlation is obtained between the BOLD signal and the EEG power at the stimulation frequency and its harmonics, while at the same time the alpha band power of the EEG showed a significant negative correlation with the BOLD signal. This illustrates that even in a narrow frequency band of the EEG, the relationship between the EEG and fMRI responses contains multiple contrasting components that should be taken into consideration for a reliable EEG-fMRI fusion. Keywords: BOLD signal, Information Processing Conference: XI International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON XI), Palma, Mallorca, Spain, 25 Sep - 29 Sep, 2011. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Poster Sessions: Motor Information Processing Citation: Duru AA, Kaşıkçı I, Kurt E, Ademoğlu A and Demiralp T (2011). Temporal correlation of fMRI and EEG with asymmetric fusion. Conference Abstract: XI International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON XI). doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2011.207.00097 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 16 Nov 2011; Published Online: 25 Nov 2011. * Correspondence: Dr. Adil Deniz A Duru, Biomedical Eng. Inst, Istanbul, Türkiye, deniz.duru@boun.edu.tr Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Adil Deniz A Duru Itır Kaşıkçı Elif Kurt Ahmet Ademoğlu Tamer Demiralp Google Adil Deniz A Duru Itır Kaşıkçı Elif Kurt Ahmet Ademoğlu Tamer Demiralp Google Scholar Adil Deniz A Duru Itır Kaşıkçı Elif Kurt Ahmet Ademoğlu Tamer Demiralp PubMed Adil Deniz A Duru Itır Kaşıkçı Elif Kurt Ahmet Ademoğlu Tamer Demiralp Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Do long periods off work in peak expiratory flow monitoring improve the sensitivity of occupational asthma diagnosis?

IntroductionSerial peak expiratory flow (PEF) monitoring is a useful confirmatory test for occupational asthma diagnosis. As weekends off work may not be long enough for PEF records to recover, this...

Behavior of Lambs in Rest Pens During Long-Distance Transport

The aim of this study was to determine how one group of lambs utilized 2 consecutive rest periods in novel environments with access to food and water that occurred during 22 hr of motor transport. The 18.5 ± 0.6 kg lambs (n = 15) were transported for 8 hr and then unloaded for a 6-hr rest period. After 6 hr, the lambs were reloaded for another 8 hr of transport followed by a 24-hr rest period. Reloading for a second 8 hr of transport followed the initial rest period. The percentage of lambs engaged in drinking, eating, lying, playing, or “other” was determined at 15-min intervals. During the 6-hr rest period, peak lying behavior occurred during the 2nd and 6th hr of the period. During the first 6 hr of the 24-hr rest period, the percentage of lambs lying increased while the percentage of lambs eating decreased. In addition, the percentage of lambs lying during the first 6 hr of the 24-hr rest period was greater than during the 6-hr rest period. Lying down had a greater priority than eating during the second (24-hr) rest period.

Aging through growth marks in teeth of Spanish red deer

We carried out a study on age determination for Spanish red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) from growth marks in dental cementum. We investigated the age at which the first growth layer and first rest line appear in cementum of incisors (I1), molars (M1), and canines (C), and explained how to interpret these marks to determine age. We evaluated accuracy and precision of aging with rest lines of different tooth types. Age was estimated using a standardized counting method and a linear regression analysis, both based on rest-line number in permanent teeth of red deer aged between 4 and 44 months. The first growth layer occurred after dental eruption in all teeth studied. The first rest line appeared at 6 months in molars (M1) and at 15 months in incisors (I1). The second rest line appeared at 18 months in molars and incisors. Each consecutive rest line represented one year more in animal age. Subsequent analysis showed that canines do not give an accurate estimation of the real age. Molars and incisors did not yield the same values for age estimation. Molars gave the best results, aging 75% of animals correctly, while only 49% were aged correctly using incisors. Nevertheless, within a one-year confidence interval, 99% of the animals were aged correctly using molars, versus 86% using incisors. We suggest using the first lower molar for deer aging in Sierra Morena. Use of regression should be preferred to the standardized counting method for age determination when using incisors.

Analysis of reproducibility and sensitivity of atraumatic measurements of regional cerebral blood flow in cerebrovascular diseases.

We tested the reproducibility of consecutive measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) made in 13 areas of each hemisphere in patients with cerebrovascular diseases by the atraumatic 133Xe intravenous injection method. The data were analysed by a two-compartment model similar to that used in the Obrist inhalation method. Four parameters derived from the model were tested: Fg (flow of the fast-clearing compartment), FF and W (respectively fractional flow and relative tissue weight of the same compartment), ISI (initial slope index as defined by Risberg et al.). No significant variation was found in these four parameters between two consecutive rest measurements for all the areas studied and whatever the time interval between the measurements. The variances of the differences of Fg and ISI between the two measurements were found to be similar to those found in normal healthy subjects. The variances of FF and, consequently, W were greater than the values determined in healthy volunteers. An attempt to improve the quality of the results, by correcting them for the effects of PaCO2 changes between the measurements, resulted on the contrary in a general increase of the variances of the differences, showing the inadequacy of the correction coefficients used for healthy subjects at least for a proportion of the patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Sensitivity, tested by activation (hand work), shows a positive answer for FG but no significant change in ISI in any area. These findings demonstrate that in cases of cerebrovascular diseases the raw data (uncorrected for the changes in PaCO2) are the most reliable data but the meaning of the values found for FF and W must be regarded with caution since they may be affected by the "slippage" phenomenon. It is suggested that the ISI should only be used when there is evidence of a failure of the compartmental model, but only as a rough estimation of the flow level because of its lack of sensitivity.