Organization Of Consciousness Research Articles

The problem of knowing future phenomena

The paper is devoted to the problem of epistemic conditions of cognition of future phenomena.The problem is that the cognizable aspects of information are based on the evolutionary mechanisms of adaptation of the body, which are reduced in humans, and on the rational principles of human cognition, which are mixed with irrational prophecies. The solution is to separate the heuristic possibilities of theory from empirical guesses and consider the structures of theoretical knowledge that process information about possible and impossible facts.The aim of the paper is to discover a mental act directed at the future, which cannot be reduced to extrapolating the past and varying alternatives. The conditions of the possibility of knowing about the reality of the future as a mode of time, and the idea of a specific event in the future are split.The following hypothesis is considered: cognition of the future is based on thinking about the possible and necessary relations of an object to an integral system including a subject.The attitude of the mind towards the future is not a cognitive act like receiving information, the source of which is problematic. This is not animal foresight, not divination, not planning. Cognition is understood not as a perception of the objective properties of a phenomenon, but as its construction according to the rules of the organization of consciousness. In general, the future is not knowable, but there are types of phenomena other than the causal concept of cognition that justify information about the future. Theoretical knowledge of the predispositions of a situation involving an object is proactive. The subject of prediction is not only the truth about the future, but also a judgment about what exactly will not happen. This limitation narrows the scope of possible alternatives. The elementary acts of realizing that an event is not yet happening have been investigated by the phenomenology of Buddhism. They are directed at the stages of the same process. The conclusion from content of one temporal interval to content of another interval is based on theoretical constructions that do not have spatiotemporal characteristics. Information about the future is limited by theoretical knowledge of the holistic situation and the properties of the object that arise as a result of its inclusion in this situation.

A Qualitative Study of Exploring the Impact of Social Media on Political Participation

This studies examines the influence of social media on political participation by exploring the stories, perceptions, and behaviors of people. Through thematic evaluation of consciousness organization discussions and interviews, regarding 10 members (5 men and 5 girls), key findings emerge. Firstly, social media serves as a extensive supply of political statistics, allowing people to access diverse perspectives, information articles, and actualtime updates on political occasions. Secondly, social media systems facilitate political discussion and dialogue, allowing individuals to specific their critiques, engage with various viewpoints, and mission their personal ideals. Thirdly, social media performs a crucial function in political mobilization, empowering people to endorse for causes, improve awareness, and arrange campaigns. Additionally, social media complements individuals' feel of political efficacy, fostering their perception in their ability to make a distinction within the political sphere. Lastly, the examine highlights the relationship among social media engagement and offline political participation, with social media frequently serving as a catalyst for people' involvement in political activities. These findings emphasize the capability of social media as a tool for political engagement, information dissemination, and mobilization, however additionally spotlight challenges related to incorrect information. The implications of those findings advise the need for media literacy training, strategic use of social media by using policymakers and political actors, and efforts to sell knowledgeable and inclusive political engagement in the digital age.

The movement's activities in contemporary Iraqi ceramics

This research means studying (the work of the movement in contemporary Iraqi ceramics), which falls into four chapters. Contemporary Iraqi ceramics executed with various colored oxides on the surfaces of these products. The second chapter included the theoretical framework. The third chapter dealt with the research procedures that included defining the research community and selecting the research sample, then the research tool, description and analysis, description and analysis of the sample, while the fourth chapter included on the research results and conclusions. Among the results reached by the researchers are: The act of movement is achieved by treating the shapes, their proportions, and their balances at a level that indicates the accumulation of the artist's experience and the breadth of applications. The studied diversity and the conscious organization of the formation elements contributed to finding harmonious relationships that worked to increase suspense and impart movement and dynamism, and achieved a comprehensive and coherent unity according to the foundations of formation, influencing the vision from an aesthetic point of view.

О генезисе коллективной субъектности в деятельности технологического кружка (к программе исследований)

<p>The paper presents the results of studying the activities of technology clubs operating in different regions of Russia. Based on the materials of the All-Russian competition of technological clubs, the objectives, content and forms of organization of activities, the team of the circle, history and traditions, the nature of the interaction of participants and some other issues were analyzed. The characteristics of activity common to technological clubs are highlighted and illustrative examples are given. The concept of “joint consciousness of the club team” is introduced to describe a phenomenon that manifests itself in most effectively working technological clubs. From the point of view of the authors, the presence of a joint consciousness of the members of the club simultaneously affects the development of each participant and the group as a whole. Joint consciousness is a prerequisite for the formation of collective subjectivity. The collective subjectivity that arises in the understanding and reflection of the members of the circle club, in turn, changes the form of the organization of consciousness, in which ideal elements shred between all members of the club appear – goals, values, means of organizing joint activities, tasks to be solved. The authors of the article propose a program for further research of the phenomenon of joint consciousness as the basis of the shared membership in the club and the process of the emergence of collective subjectivity.</p>

An Empirical Examination of Employee Information Security Advice Sharing

ABSTRACT In today’s business world, information security is a top strategic issue. The security issues faced by organizations are complex and addressing them can be expensive. Key findings from previous research suggest that informal methods of enhancing employees’ security awareness are effective and inexpensive. This study builds on previous research and introduces seven hypotheses related to informal security advice sharing in organizations. The model was tested on 334 currently employed technology-using professionals in security conscious organizations. The results indicated that employees’ attitudes, perception of security climate, and perceptions about accountability affected their sharing of security advice. Their desire to earn a reputation was more pronounced with high self-efficacy. The direct association of desire to earn reputation and self-efficacy toward security advice sharing was not supported by data. These findings suggest that higher self-efficacy employees motivated to earn a reputation will likely facilitate the information security advice sharing process in a workplace.

В.А. СУХОМЛИНСКИЙ О ВОСПИТАНИИ КУЛЬТУРЫ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ УЧИТЕЛЯ

Analysis of works by V.A. Sukhomlinsky, reflecting the idea of cultivating a culture of pedagogical activity of a teacher, showed that its theoretical source was the works of outstanding domestic and foreign teachers of the past and the work of contemporary scientists, which contributed to its significant ideological and theoretical enrichment. At the same time, proposed by V.A. Sukhomlinsky, the idea of cultivating a culture of pedagogical activity of a teacher is distinguished by an undeniable scientific novelty. The idea of cultivating a culture of pedagogical activity of a teacher in the pedagogical work of a scientist has gone through three periods in its development: the period of searching and substantiating new ways in working with the personality of a teacher and student; the period of combining the culture of activity and the general culture of the teacher in his professional activity; the period of creation of a local culture-consistent education system (Pavlysh secondary school). Analysis of the practical activities of V.A. Sukhomlinsky in different periods and the works created by him at that time, led to the conclusion that by the mid-60s, a holistic pedagogical concept of the culture of the teacher’s pedagogical activity had developed in the work of the great teacher. In the legacy of V.A. Sukhomlinsky’s idea of cultivating the culture of teacher’s pedagogical activity lies in the fact that a culturally appropriate teacher is an integral person with a moral and humanistic orientation, a high level of general culture, capable of self-realization in activities close to the norms of culture. The culture of the teacher’s pedagogical activity in the light of the stated idea is interpreted by us as an integrative quality of the personality, syncretically combining motivational, cognitive, activity and emotional-evaluative components, as well as such a way of its conscious organization in which both the teacher and the student develop. Based on the analysis of printed and handwritten works by V.A. Sukhomlinsky, the conditions for educating the culture of the teacher’s pedagogical activity are revealed: the organization of a reflexive educational environment; creating an atmosphere of scientific creativity in the teaching staff; emotional coloring of pedagogical activity, which have been tested in the Pavlysh secondary school and remain relevant today.

AXIOLOGICAL MODEL OF THE “NEW MAN” IN CHINA

The article is devoted to the problem of man in the anthropological dimension in China, where Confucianism was the main spiritual factor of Chinese culture. Against the background of ongoing significant changes in the traditional way of thinking of the Chinese, new value principles have not yet been formed, but old traditional attitudes are being destroyed. Therefore, awareness of the hu-man problem in the anthropological dimension comes to the fore. In addition to modernization in the economic sphere, China is developing its own concept of human modernization, which differs significantly from the Western theory of modernization. In con-nection with the ongoing development of the country, it was important to turn to the traditional concept of morality, on the basis of which a certain axiological model of the “new man” is formed. This model is formulated on the basis of the fundamental ideas of Chinese traditional culture, the content of which is related to the formation of a comprehensively developed person. The anthropo-logical model of the "new man" comes from the Confucian principle "man at the core", which is aimed at the comprehensive devel-opment of man, proceeds from the fundamental interests of the people, promotes development aimed at satisfying the material and spiritual needs of the people, their political and cultural interests. "A person at the core" implies a development in which a per-son is declared the highest value, and relationships between people are built on the basis of respect, understanding and care. The axiological development of man in China is on a par with the political, economic and social construction of the country. In this situa-tion, it becomes necessary to educate a person with a higher level of organization of consciousness, able to adapt to any changes.

A Comparative Study On Stressor In Children And Adolescent Patients With Dissociative Disorder And Their Age And Gender Matched Controls In Western Rajasthan

Introduction:-The dissociative disorders (DDs) are a disturbance in the organization of identity, memory, perception, or consciousness involving both restricted access of information to consciousness and disruptions of consciousness.Methodology:- This study is a hospital based cross-sectional case-control study. The subjects were selected by consecutive sampling with proper inclusion and exclusion criteria fulfilled. Socio-demographic profile of cases and controls was compared using the Chi-square test. For normally distributed quantitative continuous variables were compared using an independent T-test.Result:-In this study, mean age of onset of dissociative disorder was late adolesesent, female were more affected then male. The cases were more of lower socio-economic status with nuclear family. In cases71% had identifiable stressor while in control only 15% ,major stressor was mainly study related.Conclusion:- Adolescent (late age),Female sex, Nuclear family (poor support system), lower socio-economic status had high prevalence while Children (young age), Male sex, Joint Family (good support system), and Upper socio-economic status had less prevalence of dissociative disorder. Major stressors were study and familial issues.

Philanthropic conference-based requirements engineering in time of pandemic and beyond.

As software engineering (SE) practitioners, we can help society by using our communities of experts to address a software need of a socially conscious organization. Doing so can benefit society in the locale of a SE conference and provide access to international experts for local organizations. Furthermore, established SE researchers as well as practitioners and students have the opportunity for a unique learning experience. While the SE community has already realized the importance of addressing human values and promoting social good objectives in software development, we are unaware of previous attempts to leverage SE conferences for this activity. Conferences present an opportunity to enjoy the assembly of SE practitioners, researchers, and students for the purpose of a philanthropic endeavor. Over the past four years of running a “Requirements Engineering for Social Good” event called RE Cares, co-located with the International Conference on Requirements Engineering, we worked with the stakeholders local to the conference venue. We selected stakeholders who would not necessarily have ready access to requirements engineering, software design, and development expertise otherwise, to build software targeting “good causes.” In the last two years, this event was altered to adapt to the constraints induced by COVID-19, moving to a hybrid mode and changing many of its practices accordingly. This paper summarizes and generalizes our experiences, discussing our lessons learned in the context of the pandemic and beyond and providing a framework for conducting similar social contribution in any SE conferences in general.

Retail Firm Social Compliance Integration as a Precondition for Supply Chain Effectiveness

Global supply chains research has shown that advanced economy retail firms using codes of conduct to enforce suppliers’ compliance with labor standards has had limited effects on working conditions in developing economies. However, it is not known whether the management and organizational context within the retail firm itself may be responsible for their ineffective social compliance enforcement. In fact, recent evidence suggests that retailers’ social compliance enforcement may be undermined by conflicting demands originating from siloed functions within the retail firm. We adopt a management and organizations perspective to describe social compliance integration among supplier-facing functional units within the retail firm as a prerequisite for effective social compliance enforcement and subsequently for supply chain effectiveness and social responsibility. We develop a theoretical framework that defines the cross-functional components of social compliance integration and its organizational determinants, and explains how it creates more effective and responsible supply chains. Our work uncovers necessary organizational conditions for the effectiveness and sustainability of global supply chains, emphasizes the importance of cross-functional coordination in the management of an organization’s business ecosystem, and explains how socially conscious organizations can minimize decoupling of non-financial sustainability goals.

Political Consciousness Formation in the Modern Global World

The article examines an actual problem of international integration, associated with the peculiarities of political consciousness in modern global society. The research methodology is determined by the synthesis of analytical and comparative historical approaches. The authors consider such conditions of global society existence in which the objective social polarity of a society and the heterogeneity of political structures give rise to a wide range of needs and interests of groups and individuals. This feature forms the difference in the elements of their political consciousness. As a result, several forms of political consciousness can exist simultaneously in every society. Conceptual description motivational structure in sociopolitical systems requires the complex application of various bases for their classification. In conclusion, it is emphasized that real social systems are characterized by a complex synthesis of elements of various political consciousness types. The unity of diverse forms of political consciousness organization in a global society is based on an axiological meaningful consensus of socio-cultural relationships between people, between society and man, between state and man, conceptual represented in the symbols that motivate individual and group consciousness on trust in the authorities.

Motivation Factors for Political Consciousness Formation in the Modern World

The article deals with the problem of political consciousness formation in the global conditions of heterogeneous political structures, which generate a wide range of needs and interests of groups and individuals. The purpose of our study is to identify the motivational structure of the subject's consciousness formation in political structures of different types. Conceptual description of the motivational structure in socio-political systems requires complex application of various research methods. The authors utilize such methods as structural and functional analysis of the informational and social environment, the phenomenological analysis of the role of communicative practices in the public sphere driving the attitudes of mass consciousness in the process of political power legitimation. Empirical methods include public opinion polls. Following the typology of forms of political consciousness, it is possible to single out and to systematize objective system factors of the living environment and subject-oriented factors of consciousness manipulation in public policy. Remarkably, real social systems are characterized by the complex synthesis of elements from different types of political consciousness. The process of recognizing the legitimacy of power by an individual is defined by opposite motivational vectors of freedom and necessity and runs on the base of rational and emotional perception of the political situation. The unity of the diverse forms of political consciousness organization in the global society is based on the axiological consensus between cultures, between society and human, between state and person. These relations conceptually manifest in symbols that motivate individual and group consciousness to trust in power.

STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN EKOWISATA PADA MASA NEW NORMAL DI KEBUN RAYA CIBODAS

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted various fields, especially the tourism sector in Indonesia. Cibodas Botanical Gardens (KRC) as an ecotourism destination as well as a conservation area that has an important role in the welfare of the surrounding community and the environment, requires appropriate management strategies in the new normal. The purpose of this study is to determine the development of ecotourism strategies during the new normal period in KRC. Data was collected using survey methods and literature studies, survey methods were carried out by direct observation, documentation and interviews. Interviews were conducted with managers, communities and visitors, with 30 respondents each. Determination of the sample is done by purposive sampling method. Literature studies are carried out by obtaining data through books and scientific journals as well as related agencies websites. Data analysis used SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats) analysis. The results showed that the total score for the Internal Factor Evaluation was 0.57722 and the total score for the External Factor Evaluation was 0.58789 with a quadrant I (one) position, namely Aggressive, with a strategy of mitigating COVID-19 alert in ecotourism services, coaching and community assistance, make policies and special services for COVID-19, create new innovation programs and infrastructure, build cooperation in the fields of service, tourism business, and environmental security as well as form environmentally conscious and conservation organizations.

ПЕДАГОГИКА КОММУНИКАТИВНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ БУДУЩЕГО ПРОКУРОРСКОГО РАБОТНИКА

The result of bibliographic and field research was the confirmation of the hypothesis that the effectiveness of the professional activity of the future prosecutor’s worker is determined by active and competent participation in the anthropic process of comprehending the specifics of professional communications already at the stage of obtaining professional education. The authors consistently present and meaningfully reveal the categories of “education”, “culture”, “communicative culture”, “communication”. The upbringing of a communicative culture in the cultural space of a law school will ensure in the future a positive impact on the subject and interaction between subjects in professional activities within the framework of the law as a true value of social order and the triumph of justice. The scientific novelty of the work lies in identifying the axiological level of the communicative culture of the future prosecutor’s worker, the most important task of which is the approval of communicative values that authorize the program of interaction in prosecutorial activities; fixation of pedagogical norms, commensurate with the humanitarian nature of the modern personality, “returned” to communication “after hitches, breaks, indistinctness” (Schegloff) interaction. Pedagogical intentions in the communicative culture of future prosecutors are determined. The phenomenon of education of communicative culture in axiological and culturological approaches has been studied. The upbringing of the communicative culture of the future prosecutor, creating conceptual systems of professional communication and supporting dialogue relations, will help to strengthen the semantic continuum of the space of professional activity, including the means of activity and the organization of consciousness that develops in communication (vision, understanding, meaning formation) (V.M. Rozin). The results of the study can be used in the education of future prosecutors in the communicative space of a law school and in the formation of a system of educational work in the prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation.

Формування вольових якостей учнів на уроках фізичної культури

The article is devoted to the understudied challenges of establishing the pedagogical conditions for training students' volitional traits in physical activities. Recent research and publications on pedagogical circumstances are emphasized, and the terms «condition» and «pedagogical condition» are defined. This article reveals the critical role of educational settings in the development of volitional characteristics during physical workouts. The main goals of this article are to emphasize the significance of researching the essence of pedagogical conditions in the process of developing volitional qualities in physical exercises, as well as to identify the relationship between the development of volitional qualities and the level of physical fitness. The idea of «will» is defined as a person's conscious organization and self-regulation that allows him to regulate his feelings, behaviors, and cognitive processes. The qualities that characterize a person's volitional sphere are defined within the framework of the volitional sphere. The essence and benefits of physical exercise as a means of self-affirmation and self-expression are described, both physiologically and morally. The relationship between physical fitness has been investigated and established. The better the physical fitness, the more purposefully, persistently, decisively and boldly the behavior of students in physical exercises becomes, the more actively they take part in independent physical exercises. The obtained results were revealed in the study of correlations between the general volitional preparedness of students and the performance indicators of physical fitness tests. According to the results of the study, the article presents the results of an experimental study, which allows us to consider that pedagogical conditions are an important component in the education of the volitional qualities of young students. In this study, the conditions for the formation of volitional qualities were considered from two directions: organizational-pedagogical and psychological-pedagogical conditions. The study's findings confirm that involving students in individual physical activities helps them develop strong-willed attributes including purposefulness, tenacity and perseverance, endurance and self-control, initiative and independence. Purposeful activities for the education of volitional qualities of students provide for the organization of their training in such a way as to ensure flexible manifestations of the structure of volitional qualities that have certain differences when conducting independent studies in manifestations of initiative and independence. More research is being planned to perform a more in-depth examination of this issue.

The Interstitial Pathways as the Substrate of Consciousness: A New Synthesis.

This paper considers three classes of analyses of the nature of consciousness: abstract theories of the functional organization of consciousness, and concrete proposals as to the neural substrate of consciousness, while providing a rationale for contesting non-neural and transcendental conceptualizations of consciousness. It indicates that abstract theories of the dynamic core of consciousness have no force unless they are grounded in the physiology of the brain, since the organization of dynamic systems, such as the Sun, could equally well qualify as conscious under such theories. In reviewing the wealth of studies of human consciousness since the mid-20th century, it concludes that many proposals for the particular neural substrate of consciousness are insufficient in various respects, but that the results can be integrated into a novel scheme that consciousness extends through a subcortical network of interlaminar structures from the brainstem to the claustrum. This interstitial structure has both the specificity and the extended connectivity to account for the array of reportable conscious experiences.

MANAGING DIVERSITY IN ORGANISATIONS TO GAIN COMPETITIVENESS

Organizations the world over is increasingly finding themselves coping with the changes taking place in their environment. There are two sets of forces that are changing the once familiar organizational landscape increasing reliance on teams and the changing workforce. This is bringing more and more people from diverse backgrounds into contact with one another. In general, diversity refers to the ways that people in organizations differ. That sounds simple, but defining it more specifically is a challenge because people in organizations differ in many ways-races, gender, ethnic group, age, personality, cognitive style, tenure, organizational function, and more. Managing diversity means establishing a heterogeneous workforce to perform to its potential in an equitable work environment where no member or group of members has an advantage or a disadvantage. Effectively managing diversity helps organizations to identify and capitalize on opportunities to improve products and services, attract, retain, motivate and utilize talented people effectively improve the quality of decision-making at all organizational levels and reap the many benefits from being perceived as a socially conscious and progressive organization. The paper attempts to analyze the mechanism of leveraging and unleash the powerful benefit of a diverse workforce in work organization.

No good deed is too small: field experimental studies of different self-identities and workplace saving behavior

PurposeThis paper aims to propose that the extent to which activating self-identity increases resource-saving behavior varies across these three levels of self-identities. In particular, the authors hypothesize that activating relational or collective self-identity increases saving behavior more than activating individual self-identity does. Moreover, activating relational self-identity has a stronger impact on workplace saving behavior than activating collective self-identity does. In addition, the authors suggest that prosocial motive mediates the relationship between the three levels of self-identity and saving behavior.Design/methodology/approachWorkplace saving behavior such as office supply savings could help save organizational resources and build more environmentally conscious organizations. Drawing from self-identity theory, the authors examine the influences of three types of self-identities (i.e. individual, relational and collective self-identities) on workplace resource-saving behaviors.FindingsThe results obtained from a field experiment conducted in a Chinese company and an online vignette study generally support the proposed hypotheses. The authors also discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to the literature on saving behavior in organizations by studying an individual-level predictor from the perspective of self-identity and the research on self-identity and saving behavior by testing the mediating role played by prosocial motive. Based on the findings, the authors also propose some human resource policies to increase workplace saving behavior.

Binarity of the role of higher inclusive education in development of socio-professional subjectivity

The subject of this research is the process of formation of socio-professional subjectivity of persons with socio-functional dissimilarities, among whom are people with impairments, pensioners, military, prisoners, and released from prison. The object of this research is the higher inclusive education viewed through prism of modernization of the system of higher education, being a crucial organizational-substantive and goal-directed aspect, within which inclusive education plays not only an educational-enlightening role such as formation of professional competencies, but also in the specifically arranged inclusive field ensures formation and development of their socio-professional subjectivity, changing their assertions, needs, and motives from personal-passive to socially significant. The conclusion is made that socio-psychological adaptation and increase of the role and status of people with socio-functional dissimilarities implies socio-professional development of subjectivity as a certain system organization of consciousness, human psyche that includes cognitive, emotional-willed, and activity components inherent to a person as a subject of activity. The author underlines the need for functional model that would be aimed at solution of personal issues, as well as increase of the professional role and social status. This approach suggests binary role of inclusive professionalization.

INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH IN THE STUDY OF COMMUNICATIVE CULTURE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

It is proved that the main tool of communicative influence is various types of public relations. It is a virtual system of influencing people in order to ensure their social interaction which manifests itself in certain conditions. But since the property of communicativeness in public relations is an absolute reality, it is necessary to look here for precisely those instrumental (managerial) functions by which these connections are maintained and to some extent materialized. It is determined that «public relations» act as its own governing structure, in the form of which are public relations «public relations». Thus, from the point of view of communicative influence, this governing (organized and organizing) structure of public relations comes to the fore in the implementation of strategic and tactical tasks of public authorities. It is proved that such a view is fully consistent with the concepts associated with PR-communication and management as an instrumental unity to maintain mutually beneficial relations between government and civil society. It is analyzed that the administrative and political aspect of management in relation to PR-communications can be assessed both from the standpoint of interests, needs of the authorities, and based on the functional features of PR-technologies. But both variants of approaches do not change the subject of consideration and application of communicative functions. It is the examples that testify to power relations and mechanisms for preserving a certain social climate and mutual understanding through PR. Due to its socio-political and social severity, one of the first places among them by right should probably be «tax reform». It is proved that PR institutionalization in Ukraine, ie the development of a new social communication infrastructure for program purposes, began in the late 80s of the last century with the opening of PR services in government agencies, public and political organizations, and then the creation of the first PR agencies. and professional training. Therefore, it can be argued that in the context of global transformation of all spheres of life of the people and the state, public relations helps our complex and pluralistic society to reach certain decisions and function more effectively, providing the necessary level of understanding between different groups and social institutions. In Europe, the following definitions are used: «PR is a conscious organization of communication. PR is one of the functions of management. The purpose of PR is to achieve mutual understanding and establish a fruitful relationship between the organization and its civil society through two-way communication». It is determined that initially PR was defined as a special type of relationship between the organization and the public, as a type (or function) of management by the organization through communication to establish and maintain mutually beneficial public relations, creating a positive attitude towards the public, public and others. organizations.