Conogethes Punctiferalis Research Articles

Bifenthrin at Sublethal Concentrations Suppresses Mating and Laying of Female Conogethes punctiferalis by Regulating Sex Pheromone Biosynthesis and JH Signals.

Conogethes punctiferalis, a polyphagous pest in Asia, infests various crops, causing severe economic losses. Its larvae feed inside plants, making management challenging, with conventional insecticides. This study examines sublethal bifenthrin effects on the reproductive capabilities of adult females. Findings show sublethal bifenthrin concentrations (LC1, LC10, LC20, and LC30) significantly reduce sex pheromone production and mating success in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, these sublethal exposures influence the expression of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide and key juvenile hormone signaling genes, including methoprene-tolerant and Krüppel-homologue 1. Enzyme activity assays and metabolite measurements indicated that sublethal bifenthrin exposure decreases trehalose and pyruvic acid levels, suppressing the enzyme activities required for sex pheromone biosynthesis. Additionally, bifenthrin exposure delays ovarian development, reduces ovary size, and decreases egg production and hatchability. These results suggest bifenthrin's potential in attract-and-kill strategies by disrupting essential pathways for pest control, offering insights for improved insecticide use and innovative pest management for C. punctiferalis.

Pathogenicity of native strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium rileyi as entomopathogens against the polyphagous borer, Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée) (Crambidae: Lepidoptera)

BackgroundThe shoot and fruit borer, Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée) (Crambidae: Lepidoptera), is a significant pest causing substantial economic losses across various crops. The need for alternative control methods has prompted the exploration of biological control using entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria. In this study, the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium (Nomuraea) rileyi and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) against C. punctiferalis larvae and pupae was assessed through laboratory bioassays.ResultsVarious concentrations of B. bassiana and M. rileyi spores, i.e. 1 × 102, 1 × 104, 1 × 106, 1 × 107 and 1 × 108 spores/ml, were tested alongside controls. Additionally, five strains of Bt (IIOR Bt-145, Bt-154, Bt-171, Bt-172 and Bt-127) were evaluated at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/ml. The LC50 values for B. bassiana and M. rileyi were 7.9 × 105 spores/ml and 8.7 × 104 spores/ml, respectively, after 4 and 6 days of post-treatment using the spray method. In the larval dip method, the LC50 values were 4.8 × 103 spores/ml for B. bassiana and 2.0 × 104 spores/ml for M. rileyi after 5 and 6 days of treatment, respectively. For pupae, the LC50 values were 1.2 × 106 spores/ml for B. bassiana and 4.3 × 104 spores/ml for M. rileyi after 4 and 7 days of treatment, respectively. Similarly, the five strains of Bt were effective against C. punctiferalis. However, Bt-154 demonstrated the highest efficacy, with LC50 values of 0.66 mg/ml in the spray method and 0.79 mg/ml in the larval dip method after 5 days of post-treatment.ConclusionThe potential of entomopathogenic isolates as biocontrol agents against C. punctiferalis provided a promising alternative to synthetic insecticides in pest management. The efficacy of B. bassiana, M. rileyi and Bt strains suggests their suitability for integrated pest management strategies, potentially reducing reliance on chemical pesticides and minimizing the environmental impacts. Further field studies are warranted to validate the efficacy and practicality of these biocontrol agents in real-world agricultural settings.

Efficacy of Biopesticides and Insecticides against Lepidopteran Pests in Rainfed Castor

Field experiments were conducted during kharif 2022 to evaluate the bio-efficacy of biopesticides and insecticides against tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (F.);semilooper, Achaea janata L. and shoot and capsule borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee on castor. The results revealed that, all the insecticide treatments were significantly superior over untreated control. The highest% reduction of lepidopteran pest complex over the control after three sprays was recorded with spinetoram 11.7 SC followed by cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) SC, profenophos 50 EC, lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC and B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) WP 1.5, Beauveria bassiana SC and Neemazal 10000 PPM. Highest seed yield was recorded with spinetoram (1434 kg/ ha) followed by cyantraniliprole (1338 kg/ ha) as against 940 kg/ ha in untreated control. The maximum incremental cost-benefit ratio of 1:3.13 was obtained with application of spinetoram followed by lambda-cyhalothrin (1:3.00) and Btk SC (1:2.73).

The cultivable gut bacteria Enterococcus mundtii promotes early-instar larval growth of Conogethes punctiferalis via enhancing digestive enzyme activity.

Gut bacteria are crucial in influencing insect development and even phenotypic plasticity. The yellow peach moth Conogethes punctiferalis, as a significant borer pest, has been the subject of limited reports regarding the structural and diversification changes in its gut microbiota during feeding, and their potential impacts on the growth and development of the host insects. This study, employing 16S rRNA sequencing, demonstrates distinct shifts in the larvae gut microbiome of C. punctiferalis between different feeding stages, highlighting a pronounced diversity in the early-instar with Enterococcus as a predominant genus in laboratory populations. Through in vitro cultivation and sequencing, three bacterial strains - Micrococcus sp., Brevibacterium sp. and Enterococcus mundtii - were isolated and characterized. Bioassays revealed that E. mundtii-infused corn significantly boosts early-instar larval growth, enhancing both body length and weight. Quantitative PCR and spectrophotometry confirmed a higher abundance of E. mundtii in younger larvae, correlating with increased digestive enzyme activity and total protein levels. This study reveals the heightened gut microbiota diversity in early instars of C. punctiferalis larvae, highlighting that Enterococcus represent a predominant bacteria in laboratory populations. In vitro cultivation and bioassays unequivocally demonstrate the significant role of the cultivable gut bacteria E. mundtii in promoting the growth of early-instar larva. These findings provide a solid theoretical foundation for advancing the comprehension of the intricate interactions between gut microbiota and insect hosts, as well as for the development of eco-friendly pest control technologies based on targeted manipulation of insect gut microbial communities. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Bio-ecology and management approaches of yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Bio-ecology and management approaches of yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Comparison of gut transcriptome and bacterial composition of the yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis larvae associated with host plants adaptation

The yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis, is one of the most destructive polyphagous pests to corn crops in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer corn region of China. However, little is known about the host plant adaptation mechanism of C. punctiferalis. In this study, we analyzed the performance of C. punctiferalis on two of its favorable host plants (corn and sorghum). Then, we used RNA-seq and 16S rRNA sequencing to explore the potential adaptation mechanism of C. punctiferalis on these two host plants. Results showed that C. punctiferalis gained more fresh weight on sorghum while its total lipid and triglyceride content was significantly lower than on corn. In total, 2155 genes weredifferentially expressed (DEGs) between corn and sorghum reared C. punctiferalis. Most of the DEGs were involved in nutritional biosynthesis and metabolism including amino acid biosynthesis, protein digestion and absorption, and glycolysis. Enzymatic analyses revealed that C. punctiferalis reared on corn had higher trypsin activity but lower P450 activity than that reared on sorghum. Meanwhile, C. punctiferalis reared on corn harbored more gut bacteria, while its diversity is lower than that reared on sorghum. The potential functional prediction of the gut bacteria revealed that nutritional metabolism functions were differently enriched between two host plants of C. punctiferalis. Taken together, these findings clarify the impact of host plants on the gene expression and gut bacteria in C. punctiferalis. They also suggest that the plasticity of gene expression and gut bacteria cooperatively contribute to insect host adaptation of insects.

Pheromone-Based Mating Disruption of Conogethes punctiferalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Chestnut Orchards.

Chestnuts (Castanea crenata Siebold and Zucc.) are one of the major agroforestry products in Korea, and Conogethes punctiferalis is a major pest of the chestnut fruit. Pheromone-based mating disruption (MD) has emerged as a promising eco-friendly approach to reduce population levels and ultimately mitigate fruit damage. Field trials were conducted over two years (2022-2023) in two commercial chestnut orchards in Central Korea that were infested with C. punctiferalis. Compared with the control treatment, the MD treatment effectively reduced the number of male C. punctiferalis captured in the MD treatment plots. Male catch inhibition (MCI) rates ranged from 70.5% to 82.7% in 2022 and from 87.8% to 95.1% in 2023. The MD efficacy (%) was calculated based on the total number of chestnut fruits collected and the number of fruits damaged by C. punctiferalis. In 2022, the MD efficacy of the single-dosage treatment (TS, 50 g/ha) was 63.9% in Orchard A and 73.6% in Orchard B. In 2023, the MD efficacies of the double-dosage treatment (TD, 100 g/ha) and the two-application treatment (TT, 50 g/ha in June and August) were 60.2% and 77.9% in Orchard A and 50.9% and 64.8% in Orchard B, respectively. This study confirms the efficacy of pheromone-based MD in reducing the C. punctiferalis numbers in chestnut orchards and damage to chestnut fruits.

Penicillium-Infected Apples Benefit Larval Development of Conogethes punctiferalis via Alterations of Their Gut Bacteria Community and Gene Expression.

Pathogenic microorganisms can impact the behavior and physiology of herbivores by direct or indirect means. This study demonstrated that yellow peach moth Conogethes punctiferalis larvae feeding on Penicillium-infected apples exhibited significantly longer body length and weight parameters compared to the control group. The sequencing of gut 16S rRNA showed a significant increase in the diversity and abundance of bacteria in the larvae feeding on Penicillium-infected apples. Additionally, transcriptomic sequencing of the larval gut indicated significant upregulation of genes related to digestion and cuticle formation after consuming Penicillium-infected apples. Furthermore, enzyme activity assays revealed notable changes in the trypsin and lipase activity. Consequently, these alterations in gut microbiota structure, diversity, and gene expression levels may underlie the observed growth and developmental variations in C. punctiferalis larvae mediated by pathogenic microorganisms. This study holds theoretical significance for a deeper understanding of the tripartite interaction among microorganisms, insects, and plants as well as for the development of novel pest control measures based on gut microbiota.

Population Dynamics of Cardamom Shoot and Capsule Borer, Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenee) on Cardamom Variety M2 under Hill Zone of Karnataka, India

The experiment was carried out to study the population dynamics of cardamom shoot and capsule borer, Conogethes punctiferalis(Guen.) at the Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station (ZAHRS), Mudigere during 2022-23. Infestation of borer was present throughout the year, but peak infestation on shoot was recorded in the month of December (56.67%). Whereas, infestation on capsules peaked during first fortnight of December (33.65%). The correlation studies revealed that there was a significant positive correlation with maximum temperature and sunshine hours for shoot infestation. While, morning relative humidity had significantly positive correlation with capsule infestation. However, rainfall had significant negative correlation for both shoot and capsule infestation.

Evaluation of Lipid Quality in Fruit: Utilizing Lipidomic Approaches for Assessing the Impact of Biotic Stress on Pecans (Carya illinoinensis).

There is a scarcity of data on how the lipid composition of oily seeds changes in response to biotic stress. Yellow peach moth (Conogethes punctiferalis) has caused massive economic losses on the pecan (Carya illinoinensis) industry. Lipidomics is used in this study to determine the lipid composition of pecan and how it changes in response to insect attack. Pecan had 167 lipids, including 34 glycerolipids (GL), 62 glycerophospholipids (GP), 17 fatty acyls (FA), 41 sphingolipids (SP), and 13 saccharolipids (SL). The effects of biotic stress on lipids, particularly GL and GP, were significant. Biotic stress significantly reduced the lipid content of chains longer than 48. Forty-four significantly different lipids were discovered as potential biomarkers for distinguishing non-infected pecans from infested pecans. In addition, we used bioinformatics to identify the five most important metabolic pathways in order to investigate the processes underlying the changes. Our discoveries may offer valuable insights for enhancing pecan production in the future and contribute novel perspectives towards enhancing the nutritional value of pecans.

Seasonal incidence of capsule borer (Conogethes punctiferalis) in castor as affected by Abiotic factors and its incidence in farmers fields by roving survey in Satyasai and Anantapur districts of A.P.

Seasonal incidence of capsule borer (Conogethes punctiferalis) in castor as affected by Abiotic factors and its incidence in farmers fields by roving survey in Satyasai and Anantapur districts of A.P.

Evaluation of augmentative biological control options against fruit and shoot borer, Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in guava in India

BackgroundConogethes punctiferalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) has emerged as one of the important pests of guava in Punjab, India. Chemical insecticides have been used for its management, which could have serious implications on environmental and human health. As an alternative to chemical insecticides, biocontrol is the most appropriate alternative for its eco-friendly management. Two field experiments were therefore, conducted to evaluate efficacy of two biocontrol agents, Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) (egg parasitoid) and Chelonus blackburni Cameroon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (egg-larval parasitoid) against the borer during rainy season, 2020 and winter season, 2020–21.ResultsFour releases of both parasitoids at various dosages were carried out at weekly intervals starting from first week of July in rainy season and first week of October in winter season. Trichogramma chilonis @ 2000 parasitized eggs per tree was the best in reducing the fruit damage and increasing yield and net income over check in both rainy as well as winter season crops. There was 73.6% reduction in damage over control, 1.70 Metric tons (MT) increase in yield over control and 258.36 US $ per acre increase in net income over control in rainy season crop. During winter season, there was 62.5% reduction in damage, 1.98 MT increase in yield and 488.23 US $ per acre increase in net income over control.ConclusionFour augmentative releases of T. chilonis @ 2000 parasitized eggs per tree successfully controlled the fruit and shoot borer incidence in guava during rainy and winter season.

Chromosome genome assembly and whole genome sequencing of 110 individuals of Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée)

The yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis, is a highly polyphagous pest widespread in eastern and southern Asia. It demonstrates a unique ability to adapt to rotten host fruits and displays resistance to pathogenic microorganisms, including fungi. However, the lack of available genomic resources presents a challenge in comprehensively understanding the evolution of its innate immune genes. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome for C. punctiferalis utilizing PacBio HiFi sequencing and Hi-C technology. The genome assembly was 494 Mb in length with a contig N50 of 3.25 Mb. We successfully anchored 1,226 contigs to 31 pseudochromosomes. Our BUSCO analysis further demonstrated a gene coverage completeness of 96.3% in the genome assembly. Approximately 43% repeat sequences and 21,663 protein-coding genes were identified. In addition, we resequenced 110 C. punctiferalis individuals from east China, achieving an average coverage of 18.4 × and identifying 5.8 million high-quality SNPs. This work provides a crucial resource for understanding the evolutionary mechanism of C. punctiferalis’ innate immune system and will help in developing new antibacterial drugs.

Roles of Ear Injury, Infestation, and Vector Activity by Ostrinia furnacalis (Asian Corn Borer) and Conogethes punctiferalis (Yellow Peach Moth) in Fusarium verticillioides Infection and Kernel Fumonisin Level.

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the roles of two corn borers, Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis and yellow peach moth (YPM), Conogethes punctiferalis, in Fusarium verticillioides infection using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a marker. Effects of insect injury, manual injury, and insecticide application on fumonisin production also were assessed. In this study, third instars of ACB and YPM significantly increased GFP-tagged F. verticillioides infection compared with the control, regardless of the fungal inoculation method. Besides acquiring F. verticillioides spores from leaf surfaces and transmitting them to ears, larvae of the ACB and YPM also injure maize ears, which allows F. verticillioides from leaves or silk to infect ears more easily. This suggests that ACB and YPM larvae are vectors of F. verticillioides, which can increase the occurrence of ear rot. Manual injuries significantly increased GFP-tagged F.verticillioides infection of ears, while effective insect control significantly reduced F. verticillioides infection of ears. Insecticide control of borers also significantly reduced fumonisin content in kernels. Larval infestations significantly increased fumonisins in kernels to levels higher than or very close to the European Union threshold (4,000 μg kg-1). Significant and high correlations among corn borer attack, F. verticillioides severity, and kernel fumonisin levels were discovered, confirming the important role of ACB and YPM activity in F. verticillioides infection and kernel fumonisin production.

Population genetics of the yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis, reveals landscape-mediated genetic distribution in agroecosystems

Population genetics of the yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis, reveals landscape-mediated genetic distribution in agroecosystems

Volatiles of the trap crop sunflowers: Effects on the behaviour of adult female Conogethes punctiferalis moths

AbstractSunflowers (Helianthus annuus) are potential trap crops to attract the yellow peach moth (Conogethes punctiferalis) in orchards but the volatile compounds released from sunflowers and their effects on C. punctiferalis behaviour are not clear. Here we used solid phase micro‐extraction to collect volatiles released from flower disks of sunflowers, identified them by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and examined the attractiveness of some of the compounds to mated female adult C. punctiferalis moths in Y‐tube olfactometer choice tests. We detected nine volatile compounds (α‐Pinene, β‐Phellandrene, Camphene, β‐Pinene, 3‐Carene, D‐Limonene, Eucalyptol, γ‐Terpinen, and Valencene) with consistently large peak areas for α‐Pinene and β‐Phellandrene. Among tested volatiles, both α‐Pinene and β‐Phellandrene were attractive to C. punctiferalis in olfactometer tests but this was only significant for higher concentrations of β‐Phellandrene. This suggests that β‐Phellandrene may promote C. punctiferalis oviposition on sunflower disks. This study provides insights into volatile chemical mediated responses of insect herbivores to trap crops.

The Ca2+/CaN/ACC and cAMP/PKA/HK signal pathways are required for PBAN-mediated sex pheromone biosynthesis in Conogethes punctiferalis

Conogethes punctiferalis is a crop and fruit pest that has caused serious economic losses to agricultural production. This pest relies heavily on its sex pheromone to ensure sexual encounters and subsequent mating success. However, the molecular mechanism underlying sex pheromone biosynthesis in this species remains elusive. The present study investigated the detailed mechanism underlying PBAN-regulated sex pheromone biosynthesis in C. punctiferalis by transcriptome sequencing of the C. punctiferalis pheromone glands (PGs) and subsequent functional identification of the target genes. The results showed that female mating started from the first scotophase, and peaked at the second to fifth scotophases in accordance with the release of sex pheromones. PBAN regulated sex pheromone biosynthesis by employing Ca2+ and cAMP as secondary messengers, as demonstrated by RNA interference (RNAi), pharmacological inhibitors, and behavioral assays. Further investigation revealed that calcineurin (CaN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were activated by PBAN/Ca2+ signaling, and the RNAi-mediated knockdown of CaN and ACC transcripts significantly reduced sex pheromone production, ultimately leading to a significantly reduced ability of females to attract males. Importantly, hexokinase (HK) was found to regulate sex pheromone biosynthesis in response to the PBAN/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, as demonstrated by RNAi, enzyme activity, and pharmacological inhibitor assays. Furthermore, Far2 and Desaturase1 were found to participate in PBAN-regulated sex pheromone biosynthesis. Altogether, our findings revealed that PBAN regulates sex pheromone biosynthesis through the PBANR/Ca2+/CaN/ACC and PBANR/cAMP/PKA/HK pathways in C. punctiferalis, which enriches our comprehension of the details of sex pheromone biosynthesis in moths.

VOCs from fungi-infected apples attract and increase the oviposition of yellow peach moth Conogethes punctiferalis.

Plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) modified by plant-associated microbes can attract or repel the oviposition of herbivores. Here, we explored the effects of three different fungi on apples' VOCs and the cascading impacts on the oviposition preference of yellow peach moth [YPM, Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée)]. Among Penicillium crustosum-infected apples (PCA), Rhizopus oryzae-infected apples (ROA), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides-infected apples (CGA) and healthy apples (HA), mated YPM females preferred to oviposit eggs on ROA and CGA, and showed significant attractiveness to VOCs from PCA, ROA, and CGA under laboratory conditions. The VOCs analyses showed that there were significant differences between fungi-infected apples (ROA, CGA) and control treatments (mechanically damaged apples (MDA), HA) in terms of the relative contents of 13 VOCs. The relative contents of ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl caprylate, estragole, ethyl hexanoate in ROA and CGA were higher than those in MDA. The relative content of isopropyl 2-methylbutyrate in ROA was significantly higher than those in HA and CGA. The relative contents of 2-methylbutyl acetate, butyl 2-methylbutyrate, hexyl 2-methylbutyrate, amyl hexanoate, hexyl hexanoate, (E, E)-α-farnesene in ROA and CGA were lower than those in HA. The relative content of hexyl acetate in ROA and CGA was significantly higher than that in MDA, but lower than that in HA. Additionally, 10 fungi-induced VOCs were detected in ROA and/or CGA. When 20 VOCs from ROA and/or CGA were tested as individuals or mixed blends in Y-tube olfactometer assays, mated YPM females preferred amyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl 2-methylbutyrate, isopropyl 2-methylbutyrate, hexyl propionate (common VOCs in ROA, CGA, and HA), and heptacosane (a fungi-induced VOC in ROA), but no significant preferences were observed between individual compounds and mixed blends, except for hexyl propionate. Different fungi infection increased the relative contents of common VOCs from healthy and fungi-infected apples, which ultimately resulted in the significant attractiveness for the oviposition of mated YPM females. This study clarified why fungi-infected apples were more attractive to YPMs than healthy apples and screened out the crucial VOCs for YPM oviposition. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Functional roles of two novel P450 genes in the adaptability of Conogethes punctiferalis to three commonly used pesticides.

Introduction: Insect cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes play important roles in the detoxification and metabolism of xenobiotics, such as plant allelochemicals, mycotoxins and pesticides. The polyphagous Conogethes punctiferalis is a serious economic pest of fruit trees and agricultural crops, and it shows high adaptability to different living environments. Methods: The two novel P450 genes CYP6CV1 and CYP6AB51 were identified and characterized. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technology was used to study the expression patterns of the two target genes in different larval developmental stages and tissues of C. punctiferalis. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi) technology was used to study the potential functions of the two P450 genes by treating RNAi-silenced larvae with three commonly used pesticides. Results: The CYP6CV1 and CYP6AB51 genes were expressed throughout various C. punctiferalis larval stages and in different tissues. Their expression levels increased along with larval development, and expression levels of the two target genes in the midgut were significantly higher than in other tissues. The toxicity bioassay results showed that the LC50 values of chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate and lambda-cyhalothrin on C. punctiferalis larvae were 0.2028μg/g, 0.0683μg/g and 0.6110mg/L, respectively. After treating with different concentrations of chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate and lambda-cyhalothrin (LC10, LC30, LC50), independently, the relative expressions of the two genes CYP6CV1 and CYP6AB51 were significantly induced. After the dsRNA injection, the expression profiles of the two CYP genes were reduced 72.91% and 70.94%, respectively, and the mortality rates of the larvae significantly increased when treated with the three insecticides independently at LC10 values. Discussion: In the summary, after interfering with the CYP6CV1 and CYP6AB51 in C. punctiferalis, respectively, the sensitivity of C. punctiferalis to chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate and lambda-cyhalothrin was significantly increased, indicating that the two CYP6 genes were responsible for the adaptability of C. punctiferalis to the three chemical insecticides in C. punctiferalis. The results from this study demonstrated that CYP6CV1 and CYP6AB51 in C. punctiferalis play crucial roles in the detoxification of chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate and lambda-cyhalothrin.

Management of Capsule Borer Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenee) on Castor Ricinus communis L. Using Some Plants Oil

The insecticides were tested under field conditions on the basis of percentage of capsule bore Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenee) infestation noticed under field condition. The capsule borer C. punctiferalis (Guenee) damage goes on decreasing among the chemical and plant based insecticidal treatments at first and second week after spraying. Among the eight treatments, the lowest capsule borer damage/plant recorded by T5 Mahua oil 2% with 43.55% reduction over control followed by T6 neem oil 2% recorded 36.05% reduction over control recorded during 1st week after spray. The percentage of capsule borer C. punctiferalis (Guenee) damage per plant was highest recorded by T1 treatment it was mainly due to, this treatment did not receive any insecticidal spray either chemical or plant based insecticides throughout the experimental period. Same trend was noticed after 2nd week after spray. During 2nd week after spray highest percent of reduction over control recorded by T6 neem oil 2% recorded 80.27% reduction over control followed by T7 pongamia oil 2% recorded 79.09% reduction over control. Lowest percentage of castor capsule borer C. punctiferalis (Guenee) per plant recorded by T6 neem oil 2%, T7 pongamia oil 2% and T5 mahua oil 2% which were statistically at par with throughout the observation. The T6 neem oil 2% and T7 pongamia oil 2% recorded as best treatments over rest of the treatments. The grain yield in the treatment significantly highest grain yield @3730.00 kg and 3627.63 kg recorded by T6 Neem oil 2% and T7 Pongamia oil 2% followed by T5 Mahuva oil recorded yield @ 3283.30kg. However, the chemical treatments viz., T3 Profenophos 50 EC @0.03% and T4 quinolphos 25 EC @ 0.05% recorded yield @ 2956.66 and 2936.00 kg/ha both at par with each other. Whereas untreated control recorded the lowest yield @2426.03 kg/ha.