Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale Research Articles

Conceptualisation and Measurement of Resilience of Adults With Cancer: An Umbrella Review.

To (1) clarify the key components of resilience of adults with cancer; (2) summarise and analyse the resilience measures used in this population; and (3) discuss future evaluation directions. An umbrella review. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane library and Epistemonikos were searched in December 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines were followed for undertaking this umbrella review. Systematic and narrative reviews that defined resilience of adults with cancer and reported resilience measures, published in English, were included. The methodological quality was assessed using the JBI appraisal tool. Fourteen eligible reviews were included. Four key resilience components from various resilience conceptualisations were identified. Twenty resilience measures were used among cancer patients, with the 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale providing a relatively comprehensive assessment of individual resilience. Recommended future research with cancer patients includes assessing these resilience components: (1) available individual resources-key psychological factors that enhance individual resilience; (2) access to social resources-close interpersonal relationships, family cohesion and social support; (3) adaptive coping ability-problem-solving skills, emotional management strategies and experiences in managing adversity; (4) ability to regain mental health and well-being-the capacity to recover a relatively stable psychological state and promote positive psychological functioning. The findings provide evidence for refining future resilience measurement in the adult cancer population. Examining the four key components of resilience with this population across cultures is warranted. Understanding the key components of resilience of cancer patients can help healthcare professionals identify individuals who may need further support and facilitate early intervention or referral to psychosocial support services. The 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale is recommended over other tools for use in the cancer population. Patient or public involvement is not applicable in this study.

Examining the determinants of resilience and mental stress in emergency department nurses

BackgroundEmergency departments (ED) are characterized by highly dynamic environments. This study aimed to identify determinants of resilience and mental stress among ED nurses.MethodsA cross-sectional, analytical design was employed to assess 316 emergency nurses in Kermanshah hospitals using a convenience sampling method. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale measured resilience and mental stress, respectively. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, ANOVA, chi-square tests, and Pearson’s correlation in SPSS version 25.ResultsThe average mental stress score was 26.9, and the average resilience score was 64, indicating moderate levels. Significant relationships were found between employment status, emergency responsibility, economic status, and resilience (P < 0.01). Additionally, place of residence, number of children, education, shift work, social network presence, employment status, emergency responsibility, and economic status were significantly related to psychological stress (P < 0.01). Pearson’s correlation showed an inverse relationship between resilience and mental stress (r = -0.123, P = 0.029). Age was inversely related to mental stress (r = -0.408, P < 0.001), while overtime hours per month were directly related to resilience (r = 0.135, P = 0.016) and inversely related to mental stress (r = -0.482, P = 0.029).ConclusionThe research highlights the importance of considering demographic variables in managing nurses’ resilience and mental pressure, emphasizing the need for hospital officials to focus on work shifts, employment status, and economic conditions.

Factors correlating work engagement among Palestinian emergency nurses during Gaza war in the West Bank.

Work engagement among emergency nurses is a critical issue that adversely affects the quality of patient care and productivity. Psychological reactions (e.g., stress, anxiety, and depression) and resilience correlated with work engagement. This study addresses the gap in understanding the factors correlating work engagement among. emergency nurses in the West Bank during the Gaza War. A descriptive correlational design was used. The data were collected from 378 emergency nurses from governmental and private hospitals in the West Bank using a self-reported questionnaire from December 2023 to February 2024. Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) were used to assess the study variables. The findings demonstrated that 71.7%, 52.9%, 42.5%, 55.6%, and 40.0% of the emergency nurses reported severe to extremely severe stress, moderate to extremely severe levels of anxiety, severe to extremely severe levels of depression, low resilience, and low to extremely low levels of job engagement, respectively. A positive relationship existed between work engagement and age (r=0.407, p<0.01), years of experience (r=0.385, p<0.01), and resilience (r=0.419, p<0.01). While, work engagement negatively correlated with stress (r=-0.486, p<0.01), anxiety (r=-0.616, p<0.01), and depression (r=-0.632, p<0.01). The findings indicated that policymakers and healthcare professionals should promote initiatives that enhance nurses' resilience and mitigate psychological responses to improve work engagement. Therapeutic programs should consider the situational variations of Palestinian society, encompassing resilience, coping mechanisms, and psychological management approaches.

Styles of Delivering News About a Child's Cancer and Parents' PTSD Symptoms.

Receiving a child's cancer diagnosis is a highly traumatic experience for parents, often leading to significant psychological distress, including symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The way healthcare professionals deliver this news can affect the severity of parents' reactions. While some research examines communication style's impact on patients, few studies focus on its effects on parents. This study explores the relationship between the communication style used by oncologists when delivering a child's cancer diagnosis and the subsequent levels of PTSD symptoms, mental resilience, and self-efficacy in parents. One hundred twenty eight parents of children diagnosed with cancer participated. Data were collected using the Styles of Communicating Questionnaire (SCQ), PTSD Checklist for DSM-V (PCL-5), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISK), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Correlations and hierarchical multiple regressions were performed to examine the relationship between communication style and psychological outcomes. Parents who perceived the oncologist's communication style as more activating (clear, structured, and action-oriented) reported significantly lower levels of PTSD symptoms and higher levels of resilience and self-efficacy. The perception of empathy played a crucial role, particularly when physicians balanced emotional and cognitive empathy. This balance was linked to better psychological outcomes in parents. The study highlights the critical role of communication style in mitigating the psychological impact of a child's cancer diagnosis on parents. Training healthcare providers to balance cognitive and emotional empathy in communication may reduce PTSD symptoms and enhance resilience and self-efficacy in parents, ultimately improving their psychological well-being during such a challenging time.

The Role of Self-Efficacy and Religiosity in Determining Female Teachers' Resilience

Resilience is a crucial element in helping teachers manage various pressures and demands stemming from dual roles as educators and homemakers. This study aims to examine the influence of self-efficacy and religiosity on resilience, as well as to test the moderating role of religiosity in the relationship between self-efficacy and resilience. The study involved 167 female teachers from state madrasahs in Medan City as respondents. Data collection was conducted through a survey using online questionnaires employing three measurement tools: the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Short Muslim Belief and Practice Scale (Short-MPBS), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-25 (CD-RISC-25). Data analysis was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). This research offers novel insights into understanding resilience among female madrasah teachers by introducing religiosity as a moderating variable. The findings indicated that: 1) there is a positive relationship between self-efficacy, religiosity, and resilience; 2) religiosity does not moderate the relationship between self-efficacy and resilience. This study reveals that although religiosity serves as spiritual support, the dominance of self-efficacy highlights the importance of tangible actions in overcoming challenges. The study underscores the significance of building self-efficacy and provides new insights into developing support strategies for female madrasah teachers. Field data support the hypotheses.

Improving GPs' Emotional Intelligence and Resilience to Better Manage Chronic Respiratory Diseases Through an Experiential Online Training Intervention: A Mixed Methods Study.

High levels of emotional intelligence (EI) and resilience in primary care physicians (PCPs) can help them communicate better with patients, build stronger relationships with colleagues, and foster a positive and collaborative workplace. However, studies have indicated that primary care physicians (PCPs) often do not focus enough on developing these skills. Consequently, the purpose of this mixed methods study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an experiential online training (EOT) intervention in enhancing the EI and resilience of PCPs who treat patients with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). A total of 46 PCPs from Greece participated in a 25-hour EOT program, which focused on counseling skills for lifestyle change and breathing techniques for self-regulation. Quantitative data were collected using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25) before, immediately after, and three months post-intervention. Additionally, qualitative data were obtained through written reflections from participants regarding their clinical practice. The results revealed significant improvements in EI and resilience scores immediately after the intervention (ΕΙ: 5.13, SD: 0.65 vs. 5.3, SD: 0.57, p = 0.007; resilience: 76.6, SD: 11.75 vs. 79.83, SD: 10.24, p = 0.029), as well as at the three-month follow-up (ΕΙ: 5.3, SD: 0.57 vs. 5.36, SD: 0.48, p = 0.007; resilience: 79.83, SD: 10.24 vs. 81.03, SD: 7.86, p = 0.029). The thematic analysis of qualitative data identified improvements in five key themes: communication skills, stress management, emotional awareness, resilience, and patient care. Participants reported feeling more confident, empathetic, and effective when interacting with patients, particularly those from diverse backgrounds. The convergence of the quantitative and qualitative findings showed the efficacy of the EOT intervention in enhancing PCPs' EI, resilience, well-being, and, ultimately, their practice.

Examining the effects of psychological resilience and wellbeing on perceived stress and depressive symptoms among undergraduate nursing interns: testing a moderated mediation model.

Perceived stress is recognized as a significant risk factor for depressive symptoms, while psychological resilience and wellbeing are considered crucial protective factors. However, the intricate relationships among these variables in undergraduate nursing interns remain largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between perceived stress and depressive symptoms, as well as the moderating influence of wellbeing on this mediation. From March 1 to 31, 2024, a cluster sampling survey was conducted to examine senior nursing undergraduates from a medical college in Anhui Province who were engaged in clinical practice at various hospitals. The surveyed hospitals were all Grade III, and Class A teaching institutions situated in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, and other provinces. According to the Lewinsohn behavioral theory of depression, the study measured perceived stress, depressive symptoms, wellbeing, and psychological resilience using the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), and the Chinese version of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). The PROCESS v4.0 macro was utilized to evaluate the mediating role of psychological resilience and the moderating role of wellbeing. A total of 299 valid samples were included. Perceived stress, depressive symptoms, psychological resilience, and wellbeing were significantly correlated. Psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and depressive symptoms [indirect effect = 0.111, 95% Boot CI (0.065, 0.162)]. Wellbeing also moderated the relationship between psychological resilience and depressive symptoms [B = 0.007, 95% Boot CI (0.003, 0.011)]. The mental health of undergraduate nursing interns warrants attention. To reduce perceived stress and depressive symptoms, interventions should focus on enhancing psychological resilience and wellbeing among these interns.

The mediating effect of expectations regarding aging between psychological resilience and quality of life in rural elderly

BackgroundAt present, China’s elderly population is facing several difficulties. The implementation of active aging is an important initiative in the face of the rapidly developing situation of population aging, among which improving elderly expectations regarding the aging level is the key link to achieving active aging. Improving the quality of life of the majority of elderly individuals is the main goal of active aging. Moreover, increasing the level of expectations regarding the aging of the elderly depends to a large extent on psychological resilience. However, most of the current research related to expectations regarding aging focuses on urban elderly individuals and pays less attention to the expectations regarding the aging level of rural elderly individuals. It is not yet known how quality of life, psychological resilience, and expectations regarding aging are related among rural elderly individuals. This study focused on the state of expectations regarding aging, psychological resilience, and quality of life among senior citizens living in rural areas, as well as the relationships among these three factors. The goal is to provide a theoretical basis for further targeted interventions and promote active aging in China.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive design was conducted via convenience sampling of 320 elderly individuals living in four rural areas of Panzhihua, China, from January to May 2024. Questionnaires were used to collect data on the participants’ demographic information, the aging expectancy scale (ERA-21), the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), and a 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12). The data were analysed via SPSS version 26.0 software for descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. In addition, AMOS version 24.0 software was employed for path analysis.ResultsThe results revealed that Chinese rural elderly individuals have low expectations regarding aging, moderate levels of psychological resilience, and moderate levels of quality of life. There were positive relationships between expectations regarding aging and quality of life (r = 0.631, p < 0.01), positive relationships between expectations regarding aging and psychological resilience (r = 0.261, p < 0.01), and psychological resilience in terms of quality of life (r = 0.334, p < 0.01). Expectations regarding aging play a partial mediating role between psychological resilience and quality of life (β = 0.273, 95% CI, 0.185 ~ 0.381), with an indirect effect accounting for 45.81% of the total effect.ConclusionsExpectations regarding aging play a partial mediating role in the relationship between psychological resilience and quality of life. These findings suggest that grassroots health workers should take an active role in providing health education and psychological counselling, as well as actively working to improve the psychological resilience and health of elderly individuals. They should also be encouraged to actively approach aging and to raise expectations regarding aging. Finally, they should help elderly people maintain a healthy lifestyle and improve their quality of life.

Psychosocial Resilience and Quality of Life in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To evaluate psychosocial resilience and quality of life (QOL) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis at a private hospital in Punjab, Pakistan. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 191 ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis at a private center in Lahore, Pakistan, from January to December 2022. Eligible participants were aged 18 or older, diagnosed with ESRD, and receiving regular hemodialysis. Exclusion criteria included acute kidney injury, incomplete medical records, cognitive impairments, or psychiatric disorders. Resilience was measured using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and quality of life (QOL) was assessed with the WHOQOL-BREF™ questionnaire. Demographic and clinical data were also collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, with descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Bonferroni correction. A p-value of &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study involved 191 hemodialysis patients with a mean age of 53.4 ± 14.2 years, 45% male and 55% female. Common co-morbidities included hypertension (85%), diabetes (65%), and cardiovascular disease (40%). The mean duration of ESRD was 5.6 ± 3.2 years, with 70% undergoing hemodialysis three times per week. Most patients (60%) had higher education, while 15% had no formal education, and 70% were married. Resilience, measured by the CD-RISC, had a mean score of 45.27 ± 8.35, and QOL, measured by the WHOQOL-BREF™, had a mean score of 51.71 ± 6.30. Both scores were significantly lower than population norms (p = 0.029 for resilience, p = 0.001 for QOL), indicating considerable psychological challenges. Conclusion: ESRD patients on hemodialysis experience low levels of psychosocial resilience and quality of life, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve these critical aspects of patient well-being.

Status quo and influencing factors of posttraumatic growth of nurses exposed to nurse-to-nurse horizontal violence: a cross-sectional multicenter study

BackgroundPost-Traumatic Growth (PTG) relieves physical and psychological stress symptoms in nurses who exposed to nurse-to-nurse horizontal violence (HV), has great intervention potential to reverse the negative effects of HV events. Therefore, in-depth exploration of the overall characteristics of PTG in HV-exposed nurses and its influencing factors are of great practical significance to provide them with precise psychological adaptive interventions.ObjectiveThis study aims to describe the current state of PTG of HV-exposed nurses and its influencing factors.MethodsThe staged cluster sampling method used to recruit nurses. Nurses completed the Chinese version of the nurse-to-nurse Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ-R), the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF), Colquitt’s Organizational Justice Measure (OJM), Inclusive Leadership Scale (ILS), 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) and provided their sociodemographic characteristics. Data were collected between February, 2023 ~ March, 2024, and were analyzed using correlation analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and multivariate linear stepwise regression analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of HV within eight tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province amounted to 45.03%. On average, nurses scored 18.30 ± 14.33 in PTGI-SF. There were significant differences in PTGI-SF score according to departments (F = 2.589, p < 0.01), and educational background (F = 4.587, p < 0.01). The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between score in CD-RISC-10 (r = 0.120, p < 0.01), DEX (r=-0.069, p < 0.05), and PTGI-SF. The results of multivariate linear stepwise regression showed that resilience, dysexecutive, educational background, and type of department might be the influencing factors of PTG in HV-exposed nurses (R2 = 0.045).ConclusionsExposure to HV posed a moderate risk for nurses, while PTG levels among HV-exposed nurses were low to moderate. Overall, the current study suggests that educational background, department type, resilience, and dysexecutive were the main factors influencing PTG in HV-exposed nurses. The study found that resilience had a positive effect on PTG, while dysexecutive had a slight negative effect. Consolidation of resilience and alleviation of dysexecutive, while dialectically looking at educational background and department type, is necessary to improve PTG in HV-exposed nurses.

The Impact of Psychological Resilience on Fear of Pain and Activity Recovery in Post-Surgical Patients: An Observational Cohort Study.

Fear of pain (FOP) and fear avoidance belief (FAB), play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of chronic pain. However, the dynamics of these factors in post-surgical pain appear to differ, with FOP often learned from others rather than directly caused by painful experiences. Psychological resilience refers to an individual's capacity to adapt effectively to adversity, challenges, and threats, and may play a significant role in overcoming FOP and avoidance behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of psychological resilience in overcoming FOP and avoidance behavior among surgical patients undergoing lung surgery. Participants were recruited at Wuhan union hospital. Psychological resilience was measured using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. FOP was assessed using the simplified Chinese version of the Fear of Pain-9 items. FAB was measured using the Physical Activity subscale of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire. Activity recovery was assessed through questions related to social activities and household responsibilities. Adaptive Lasso regression analysis under nested cross-validation was used to identify key factors affecting postoperative FOP and activity recovery. A total of 144 participants were included in the final analysis. The results showed that preoperative FOP (coefficient =8.620) and FAB (coefficient =8.560) were mainly positively correlated with postoperative FOP, while psychological resilience (coefficient =-5.822) and age (coefficient =-2.853) was negatively correlated with it. The model explains an average 73.1% of the variance. In predicting activity recovery, psychological resilience was the most important factor, and the model obtained an average accuracy of 0.820 ± 0.024 and an average AUC of 0.926 ± 0.044. Psychological resilience is negatively associated with postoperative FOP and positively with activity recovery in lung surgery patients. Patients with higher resilience are more likely to cope effectively with post-surgical pain and recover activities sooner. These findings highlight the importance of assessing and potentially enhancing psychological resilience in the perioperative period to improve postoperative outcomes. Registration Number: ChiCTR2200056651.

Relationships between resilience, perceived social support, and mental health in military personnel: a cross-lagged analysis

BackgroundDespite the growing application of the Dual-factor model of mental health (DFM), there is a paucity of research on military personnel. Additionally, existing cross-sectional studies indicate that resilience and perceived social support are associated with military mental health, but the lack of cross-lagged studies precludes researchers from making causal interpretations. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal relationship between resilience, perceived social support, negative dimension of mental health (depressive symptom), and positive dimension (life satisfaction) among military personnel using cross-lagged analysis.MethodsA total of 215 military personnel were investigated longitudinally over a 12-week, two-phase period. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Patients’ Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 Item (PHQ-9), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were employed to measure their resilience, perceived social support, depression symptoms, and life satisfaction, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlations between the aforementioned variables, and a paired t-test was employed to ascertain whether the variables changed over time. A cross-lagged panel analysis was employed to explore cross-lagged relationships between these variables in military personnel.ResultsAll participants in this study were male. At Time 1, the mean age of all participants was 22.98 years (SD = 2.99), and the mean scores for the CD-RISC, PSSS, PHQ-9, and SWLS were 71.61 (SD = 14.86), 68.60 (SD = 10.22), 1.74 (SD = 2.89), and 28.08 (SD = 5.51), respectively. Cross-lagged analysis showed that prior resilience significantly predicted later depression symptoms (β = -0.19, p = 0.028) and life satisfaction (β = 0.17, p = 0.038). Prior perceived social support significantly predicted later life satisfaction (β = 0.15, p = 0.040) but not depression symptoms (β = -0.04, p = 0.652). Prior depression symptoms significantly predicted later life satisfaction (β = -0.26, p < 0.001), and prior life satisfaction also predicted later depression symptoms (β = -0.23, p = 0.002).ConclusionsThe negative and positive dimensions of military mental health can interact with each other. Moreover, enhancing resilience and perceived social support may be a novel perspective for improving the mental health of military personnel.

Social support and depressive symptoms among migrant elderly following children: the chain mediating role of resilience and loneliness

BackgroundMigrant elderly following children (MEFC) is an emerging special elderly mobile migrant population in China. MEFC face multiple dilemmas of distress, which makes their depressive symptoms more prominent. To explore ways to alleviate depressive symptoms, this study aimed to investigate the chain mediating effects of resilience and loneliness on the relationship between social support and depressive symptoms among MEFC.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using purposive sampling from Changsha, Hunan Province, China, and 298 MEFC were included. The 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to measure depressive symptoms, social support, loneliness, and resilience, respectively. Pearson’s correlation analysis was conducted to clarify the association between the variables. The PROCESS macro model 6 was applied to analyze the multiple mediating effects.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms among MEFC was 29.86%. Social support (r = -0.354, P < 0.001), resilience (r = -0.373, P < 0.001), and loneliness (r = 0.483, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Social support not only had a direct negative effect (Effect= -0.086, 95% CI: -0.149 to -0.023) on depressive symptoms, but also had an indirect effect on depressive symptoms through resilience (Effect= -0.045, 95% CI: -0.076 to -0.015), loneliness (Effect= -0.053, 95% CI: -0.091 to -0.020), and the chain mediating effects of resilience and loneliness (Effect= -0.019, 95% CI: -0.037 to -0.007), respectively.ConclusionsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was relatively high. Resilience and loneliness partially mediated the association between social support and depressive symptoms. In the future, interventions could focus on increasing social support to enhance resilience and reduce loneliness, thereby reducing depressive symptoms in MEFC.

Wellbeing and Burnout of Nurses Undergoing Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner Education Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Burnout is defined as work-related emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment. Sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs) may be at increased risk for burnout. Wellbeing practices protect against burnout. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the wellbeing and burnout of nurses undergoing education to become SANEs, considering the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data were from the SANE Wellbeing Study offered in conjunction with a SANE education program. The SANE Wellbeing Survey included the Nurse Wellbeing Self-Assessment (NWSAT), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale. Backward stepwise regression was used to identify factors that predicted NWSAT wellbeing scores. Results: A total of 68 nurses participated; most were female, white/non-Hispanic, bachelor’s-prepared, and worked in non-rural settings. About two-thirds completed the SANE Wellbeing Survey prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher MBI Emotional Exhaustion and PSS scores were associated with lower wellbeing on some NWSAT domains. Working in an emergency department as their primary setting, working in a rural hospital, and lower education level were associated with lower scores on some wellbeing domains. Nurses who completed the survey during the pandemic had lower MBI Personal Accomplishment, CD-RISC, and GSE scores, and higher PSS scores. Conclusion: Nurses who self-select to become SANEs may have good baseline wellbeing and low burnout. Implications for Clinical Forensic Nursing Practice: Strategies to promote wellbeing and prevent burnout after beginning SANE practice can support a healthy SANE workforce and prevent attrition.

Stress, Resilience, Sexual Functioning and Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Arthroplasty and Arthroscopy.

In India, the incidence of orthopaedic conditions is significantly increasing, with 63 million people suffering from various orthopaedic issues, causing considerable distress to patients. This study aims to assess stress, resilience, sexual functioning, and quality of life in participants who underwent arthroplasty and arthroscopy surgery at baseline, one month, and three months. This comparative study utilised the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Sexual Function Scale, and the WHO Quality of Life Scale. The comparison between arthroscopy and arthroplasty reveals distinct patterns in stress, resilience, sexual functioning, and quality of life. For both procedures, stress levels were higher at baseline and one-month post-surgery but decreased by three months. Resilience scores improved consistently over time in both groups. However, sexual functioning and quality of life showed different trends: while sexual functioning initially decreased post-arthroscopy but improved by three months, arthroplasty participants generally experienced a more consistent improvement in both sexual functioning and quality of life from baseline through the follow-up periods. The study showed that stress was significantly higher at baseline and one-month post-surgery. However, the trends in sexual functioning and quality of life differed between the two types of surgery. These findings highlight the need for tailored patient support and interventions based on the type of orthopaedic procedure performed.

Subtypes of mental health difficulties and levels of resilience in Spanish adolescents

Emotional and behavioral difficulties are common among adolescents, and the role of psychological resilience in mitigating their impact needs further investigation. This study aimed to examine profiles of mental health difficulties combined with resilience levels in 1,425 Spanish adolescents at-risk. The participants were 1425 adolescents (59.9% girls). Mental health profiles were determined using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) via Latent Profile Analysis and compared for sociodemographic variables and mental health associated variables. Five profiles emerged: Subclinical (16%), Externalizing Problems (19%), Internalizing Problems (22%), Low Risk (32.5%), and Well-Adjusted (10%). Females had higher risk. Well-Adjusted and Low-Risk profiles differed significantly in all variables. Well-Adjusted profile had the lowest distress and psychosocial difficulties, and the highest quality of life; while the Subclinical profile showed the opposite pattern. Identifying and validating risk groups for emotional and behavioral difficulties, considering resilience, enables interventions promoting emotional well-being and preventing mental health challenges.

Parenting Styles and Student Resilience: The Role of Religiosity as a Mediator

As one of the age groups vulnerable to depression, resilience is an essential aspect to consider among university students. Parenting styles are thought to play a role in the development of resilience; however, research findings on the relationship between these two variables remain inconsistent. In addition to parenting styles, religiosity has also been found to correlate with resilience. Religiosity is suspected to act as a mediator in the relationship between parenting styles and resilience. The role of religiosity as a mediator is important to examine, given that religiosity is a significant element in the lives of Indonesians. This study aims to investigate whether religiosity mediates the relationship between parenting styles and resilience. The instruments used in this study include the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) (α = 0.783 for the authoritarian parenting scale, α = 0.617 for the permissive parenting scale, and α = 0.830 for the authoritative parenting scale), the Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS) (α = 0.888), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) (α = 0.920). A total of 412 university students in Indonesia participated in this study. Data analysis using GLM Mediation Analysis revealed that religiosity mediates the relationship between permissive parenting and resilience. Religiosity also mediates the relationship between authoritative parenting and resilience. A direct relationship between authoritative parenting and resilience was also identified. However, religiosity does not serve as a mediator in the relationship between authoritarian parenting and resilience. The implications of this study are discussed at the end of the article.

A pilot study of the WE BEAT Well-Being Education Programme to build resilience in adolescents with heart disease.

To examine feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a novel group-based telemedicine psychoeducation programme aimed at supporting psychological well-being among adolescents with Fontan-palliated CHD. A 5-week telemedicine psychoeducation group-based programme (WE BEAT) was developed for adolescents (N = 20; 13-18 years) with Fontan-palliated CHD aimed at improving resiliency and psychological well-being. Outcome measures included surveys of resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale), benefit finding (Benefit/Burden Scale for Children), depression, anxiety, peer relationships, and life satisfaction (National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System scales). Within-subject changes in these outcomes were compared pre- to post-intervention using Cohen's d effect size. In addition, acceptability in the form of satisfaction measures and qualitative feedback was assessed. Among eligible patients reached, 68% expressed interest in study participation. Of those consented, 77% have been scheduled for a group programme to date with 87% programme completion. Twenty adolescents (mean age 16.1 ± SD 1.6 years) participated across five WE BEAT group cohorts (range: 3-6 participants per group). The majority (80%) attended 4-5 sessions in the 5-session programme, and the median programme rating was a 9 out of 10 (10 = most favourable rating). Following WE BEAT participation, resiliency (d = 0.44) and perceptions of purpose in life increased (d = 0.26), while depressive symptoms reduced (d = 0.36). No other changes in assessed outcome measures were noted. These findings provide preliminary support that a group-based, telemedicine delivered psychoeducation programme to support psychological well-being among adolescents with CHD is feasible, acceptable, and effective. Future directions include examining intervention effects across diverse centres, populations, and implementation methods.

The Role of Resilience and Defense Styles in Caregiver Burden Among the Mothers of Children with Cancer: A Descriptive-Correlational Study

Background: The diagnosis of childhood cancer can be considered a multidimensional crisis for parents, particularly mothers. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the predictive role of defense styles and resilience in the caregiver burden experienced by mothers of children with cancer. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study focuses on mothers of children with cancer who were hospitalized in the pediatric wards of Seyed al-Shohada Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. A total of 136 participants were selected using convenience sampling. The study utilized the Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ-40), the Zarit Burden Scale (ZBS), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) to collect data. The data were analyzed using STATA16. Results: On average, mothers had a caregiver burden score of 38.65 and a resilience score of 93.51. The majority of mothers (62.5%) exhibited neurotic defensive styles. The regression test results indicated a significant inverse relationship between caregiver burden and resilience (P = 0.002), as well as a significant relationship between the child’s sex and caregiver burden (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the study's findings, it is recommended that counseling and psycho-cognitive programs be designed, developed, implemented, and evaluated to enhance the resilience of mothers of children with cancer and thereby reduce their caregiver burden.

Exploring the Psychometric Properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)

Abstract The aim of this paper was to critically evaluate the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The CD-RISC is a brief, self-report instrument consisting of 25 items on a 5-point Likert scale which ranges from zero to four with higher scores reflecting greater resilience. A five-factor scale is used to conceptualise resilience with eight items on personal competence, high standards, and tenacity; seven items on trust in one’s instinct, tolerance of negative effects, and strengthening effects of stress; five items on positive acceptance of change and secure relationships; three items on control; and two items on spiritual influences. The CD-RISC has been used across a range of contexts and populations and has been translated into many languages. The CD-RISC has been critically evaluated as a part of wider reviews and has been critiqued within individual studies which have utilised the measure; however, there has not yet been a specific, critical evaluation of the scale which provides a comprehensive picture of the measure by drawing such research together. Given how widely the measure is used across both clinical and non-clinical populations, it is felt necessary to provide clinicians and researchers with an evaluation of the measure in terms of its reliability and validity. Such information is essential when drawing conclusions from scores on the measure. As such, this article will present and discuss the strengths and limitations of the CD-RISC with reference to its psychometric properties. In addition, the implications of the findings of the review will be discussed with reference to its use in current practice and research.