Types Of Connections Research Articles

Navigating the Present and Future Dynamics of Electric Vehicle Fast Charging and its Impact on Grid

As electric vehicle (EV) adoption surges worldwide, the need for fast charging infrastructure becomes paramount. Fast charging technology alleviates range anxiety and bolsters EV practicality. This comprehensive analysis delves into current challenges and future prospects surrounding EV fast charging and its grid impact. Examining the state of fast charging technology, it scrutinizes charging standards, connector types, and power levels across global regions. Emphasis is placed on key market players and the imperative for interoperability and standardization to seamlessly integrate EVs into the power grid. Voltage fluctuations, harmonics, and power factor issues stemming from rapid, high-power charging pose technical hurdles. Solutions like advanced power electronics, grid management tactics, and enhanced communication between EVs and the grid are explored to uphold stability and power quality. Consideration is given to energy sources fueling fast chargers, including renewable integration and environmental repercussions. Economic facets, encompassing infrastructure deployment costs and grid upgrade analyses, are examined amidst escalating electricity demand and potential grid expansion needs. A forward-looking perspective addresses future challenges and opportunities. This includes advancements in battery tech, smart grid solutions, and bidirectional power flow potential between EVs and the grid. Index Terms: Battery electric vehicles (BEVs), Grid, Fast Charging, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs).

Experimental Study of Angle Type Connectors in Steel and Concrete Composite Beams

Esta investigación técnico experimental tiene como objetivo analizar la resistencia a corte, considerando que para los perfiles laminados tipo ángulo no se cuenta con una fórmula de cálculo normalizada al emplearse como conectores de corte y que pueden ser usados en secciones compuestas. El estudio consistió en el análisis de 16 especímenes; 8 con un ángulo de 3 mm de espesor y otras 8 con 4 mm de espesor; cada grupo de 8 especímenes se dividió en dos subgrupos de 4, que se diferencian entre sí por la posición del conector a 45 y 90 grados. Al comparar los resultados con estudios de otros autores, se evidencia que el modo de falla está relacionado con la forma de la probeta, lo cual resulta en una falla prematura del concreto sobre las nervaduras. El análisis de estos ensayos resultó en la obtención de parámetros como: resistencia, ductilidad, deslizamiento y rigidez del material; independientemente de la orientación del conector, y se concluyó que el conector orientado a 90 grados es el que mayor carga resiste. En cuanto a la rigidez, los valores obtenidos son similares con investigaciones previas, lo que lleva a la conclusión que el conector orientado a 45 grados tiene una mayor rigidez característica que el orientado a 90 grados. Los mismos, según la norma establecida, tienen una ductilidad moderada y según las gráficas carga-deslizamiento los de 3 mm de espesor tienen un mayor desplazamiento que los de 4 mm, independientemente de su orientación.

A Comprehensive Review of Developments in Electric Vehicles Fast Charging Technology

Electric vehicle (EV) fast charging systems are rapidly evolving to meet the demands of a growing electric mobility landscape. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of various fast charging techniques, advanced infrastructure, control strategies, and emerging challenges and future trends in EV fast charging. It discusses various fast charging techniques, including inductive charging, ultra-fast charging (UFC), DC fast charging (DCFC), Tesla Superchargers, bidirectional charging integration, and battery swapping, analysing their advantages and limitations. Advanced infrastructure for DC fast charging is explored, covering charging standards, connector types, communication protocols, power levels, and charging modes control strategies. Electric vehicle battery chargers are categorized into on-board and off-board systems, with detailed functionalities provided. The status of DC fast charging station DC-DC converters classification is presented, emphasizing their role in optimizing charging efficiency. Control strategies for EV systems are analysed, focusing on effective charging management while ensuring safety and performance. Challenges and future trends in EV fast charging are thoroughly explored, highlighting infrastructure limitations, standardization efforts, battery technology advancements, and energy optimization through smart grid solutions and bidirectional chargers. The paper advocates for global collaboration to establish universal standards and interoperability among charging systems to facilitate widespread EV adoption. Future research areas include faster charging, infrastructure improvements, standardization, and energy optimization. Encouragement is given for advancements in battery technology, wireless charging, battery swapping, and user experience enhancement to further advance the EV fast charging ecosystem. In summary, this paper offers valuable insights into the current state, challenges, and future directions of EV fast charging, providing a comprehensive examination of technological advancements and emerging trends in the field.

Investigation of triaxial cables and microdetectors in small field dosimetry

Background. Small field dosimetry presents unique challenges with source occlusion, lateral charged particle equilibrium and detector size. As detector volume decreases, signal strength declines while noise increases, deteriorating the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This issue may be compounded by triaxial cables connecting detectors to electrometers. However, effects of cables, critical for precision dosimetry, are often overlooked. There is a need to evaluate triaxial cable and detector impacts on SNR in small fields. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of triaxial cables and microdetectors on signal-to-noise ratios in small-field dosimetry. This study also aims to establish the importance of cable quality assurance for measurement accuracy. Methods. Six 9.1 m length triaxial cables from different manufacturers were tested with six microdetectors (microDiamond, PinPoint, EDGE, Plastic scintillator, microSilicon, SRS-Diode). A 6 MV photon beam (TrueBeam) was used, with a water phantom at 5 cm depth with 0.5 × 0.5 cm2 to 10 × 10 cm2 fields at 600 MU min−1. Readings were acquired using cable-detector permutations with a dedicated electrometer (except the scintillator which has its own). Cables had differing connector types, conductor materials, insulation, and diameters. Detectors had various sensitive volumes, materials, typical signals, and bias voltages. Results. Normalized field output correction factors (FOFs) relative differences of 13.4% and 4.6% between the highest and lowest values across triaxial cables for 0.5 × 0.5 cm2 and 1 × 1 cm2 fields, respectively. The maximum difference in FOF between any cable-detector combinations was 0.2% for the smallest field size. No consistent FOF trend was observed across all detectors when increasing cable diameter. Additionally, the non-normalized FOF differences of 0.9% and 0.3% were observed between cables for 0.5 × 0.5 cm2 and 1 × 1 cm2 fields, respectively. Conclusions. Regular triaxial cable quality assurance is critical for precision small field dosimetry. A national protocol is needed to standardize cable evaluations/calibrations, particularly for small signals (<pC) from modern detectors. This could enhance measurement accuracy and treatment delivery with advanced small-field radiotherapy techniques that promise improved patient outcomes. Further studies should expand detector and cable models tested across institutions to establish robust quality control guidelines.

Experimental research on pull-out behavior of steel-UHPC composite beams with new composite dowels connectors

In order to study a new type of steel-UHPC composite connector, a total of 16 steel-UHPC composite connectors with steel dowels and studs and steel-UHPC composite connectors with steel dowels without studs were designed and manufactured, and the pull-out test, finite element simulation and theoretical analysis were carried out. The load-slip curve, ultimate pull-out bearing capacity, crack development law of the UHPC layer and crack growth trend of the steel-UHPC interface were experimentally studied. The influence of the type of connector, the height of the steel dowel and the inclination angle of the steel dowel on the ultimate pull-out bearing capacity and failure mode of the specimens were compared by parameter analysis. The test results are compared with the finite element analysis results to verify the accuracy of the finite element model. A simplified calculation formula for the pull-out bearing capacity was proposed. The results showed that the failure modes of 16 specimens were the shear failure and axial tensile failure of the UHPC, both of which were ductile failures. The bearing capacity in the elastic stage and ultimate bearing capacity of the steel dowel connector with headed studs were higher than those of the steel dowel connector. After adding headed studs, the pull-out bearing capacity of the specimens could be increased by about 49% ∼ 84%. When the longitudinal steel bars were added to the bottom of the steel dowel connector with headed studs, the ductility in the loading stage and ultimate bearing capacity of the specimen could be improved. The steel dowel composite connector with headed studs with a steel dowel height of 100 mm and an inclination angle of 65° had better pull-out resistance.

Experimental research on seismic performance of dry-wet combined precast concrete beam-to-column connections

In order to enhance on-site assembly efficiency and construction organization flexibility, a new type of dry-wet combined precast concrete beam-column connection was proposed. The prefabricated beams and columns were joined together using local post-tensioned tendons to create a temporary frame structure with dry connections. Subsequently, the wet connections between the prefabricated beams and slabs were established by pouring cast-in-place top concrete. A monolithic connection and four full-scale precast connections were subjected to reversal cyclic loading, with each designed incorporating distinct types of post-tensioned (PT) tendons, bonding conditions, and grouting materials. The test results indicate that the new connection exhibits flexural failure at the beam ends. In comparison to cast-in-place connections, it demonstrates enhanced deformation capacity, comparable ductility, higher stiffness, and reduced energy dissipation due to slippage of the PT tendons and steel bars. However, the viscous damping exceeds 15 %, thereby satisfying the seismic resistance requirements. The high-strength mortar grouting material satisfactorily fulfills the anchoring requirements of steel bars within the corrugated steel ducts, whereas the prestressed grouting material falls short in this regard. The overall performance of the new connection can be further enhanced by improving the grouting material and implementing local unbonded measures.

Research and Investigation of High Frequency Profile of Step and Touch Voltages Due to Fragmentation of the Grounding Grid

The increasing demand and the benefits of electricity energy have led to the creation of huge power plants, so high voltage substations are necessary for electrical energy. Installing different small power plants to prevent consumption in different parts of a country requires reservation units and high costs for repairs, maintenance and fueling. The necessity of these substations can be searched in the lack of uniformity of different costs, the costs of generating electrical energy, the lack of consumption centers near power plants, and generally the existence of a national grid and the possibility of timely disconnection of the faulty parts of the power grid. The priority in the rehabilitating of a strong substation is to meet the system's operation needs. In all electrical installations, especially in industrial complexes, land connectivity is one of the most important and fundamental measures to protect individuals and equipment and improve the performance of the system. The purpose of ground equipment system is to potentialize the metal body of all electrical equipment with the ground to prevent electrocution and protect personnel. This type of connection is not normally a current carrier, but if one of the phases of the device is connected to the fuselage, the fault current enters the ground through this connection and closes its path through the trans neutral or the generator connected to the ground. Earth networks due to different structures of the earth in different regions may cause problems over time, one of them is the fragmentation of the earth's network due to rot of conductors or due to overvoltage. In this research at different and high frequencies, we use 3 frequencies of 50, 100 kilos and 1 MHz, to check the ground network factors and the security of equipment and people in high voltage substations, we use CDEGS software which is a specialized program for designing and investigating the earth network. Objetivo: Research and investigation of high frequency, profile of step and touch voltajes of grounding grid. Metodología: Design and modeling with Comsol software. Resultados: As the frequency increases, both the step voltage and the touch voltage at the corner points increase more. Conclusiones: By comparing the voltage profiles based on the simulation results, it was found that by increasing the frequency of the contact voltage in each profile and mesh, it is noticeably increased. The point to consider after reviewing the simulation results is that by increasing the frequency of both step voltage and touch voltage in the corner points, they are more increased than other parts.

Riemannian manifold admitting a new type of semi-symmetric non-metric connection

We define a new type of semi-symmetric non-metric connection on a Riemannian manifold and established its existence. Further, we find some basic results of curvature tensor and Ricci tensor. It is proved that such connection on a Riemannian manifold is projectively invariant under certain conditions. We also studied some properties of submanifolds of the Riemannian manifolds with respect to the semi-symmetric non-metric connection. To validate our findings, we construct two non-trivial examples of 3-dimensional and 5-dimensional Riemannian manifold equipped with a semi-symmetric non-metric connection.

Blended Legacies: Vietnamese and Other Foreign Influences on the FARC-EP

The article analyzes the phenomenon of blended legacies. It is defined as the local synthesis of foreign guerrilla warfare traditions that the FARC-EP adopted to gain the advantage in their own war. We focus on Vietnamese influence within FARC-EP. The text tracks three types of connections between the FARC-EP and the guerrilla warfare legacies: first, early influence of Vietnamese and Maoist guerrilla political, strategic and tactical literature, as well as Soviet influence through the Colombian Communist Party; second, training in Vietnamese methods from secondary and tertiary parties, particularly instruction the M-19 and ELN received in Cuba and El Salvador respectively that they later passed on to the FARC-EP; and third, direct training the FARC-EP received in Vietnam in 1990. The text also demonstrates the local synthesis through an analysis of the FARC-EP special forces development, as well as their use of improvised explosives.

Push-Out Analysis on the Shear Performance of a New Type of Bellow-Sleeved Stud

For continuous steel–concrete composite girder bridges based on the post-combined method, the conventional rectangular group studs contribute to the isolation of the steel girder and the concrete slab before prestressing, leading to the majority of prestress forces being introduced to the concrete slab. However, rectangular-group stud holes cause the prestress forces to be unevenly distributed. In this study, a new type of bellow-sleeved stud (BSS) was developed to mitigate the weakening effects of rectangular group stud holes on the slab. A steel corrugated sleeve with a diameter of 60 mm was employed to cover the stud, which served as an internal formwork to prevent the concrete from bonding with the root of the stud. After prestressing was complete, the steel sleeve was filled with ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) to create a reliable combination between the concrete slab and the steel girder. To investigate the shear performance of this new type of connection, eight push-out test specimens were designed, and finite-element models were built. This study drew a comparison between the BSS and the ordinary headed stud (OHS). The research findings suggested that the BSS is subjected to less bending–shear coupling and offers a 4.5% increase in shear strength and a 31.9% increase in shear stiffness compared with the OHS. The study also analyzed the structural parameters influencing the shear performance of the BSS. It is found that the steel sleeve of the BSS has a negative effect on shear performance, but this can be mitigated by infusing high-strength material into the sleeve. Furthermore, the study examined the effect of construction quality on shear performance and suggested that sleeve deviation and grout leakage considerably reduced the shear performance of the BSS. Accordingly, strict control over the construction quality of the BSS is necessary.

Cyclic modelling of T-joints with CHS chord members and passing-through plates

This paper focuses on modelling the cyclic response of welded T-joints between Circular-Hollow-Section (CHS) chords and passing-through plates. Recent works have highlighted that, in practical applications, this specific joint typology can be regarded either as a standalone connection or as a component representing one of the main sources of deformability and energy dissipation capacity in more complex beam-to-column joints with CHS columns and passing-through I-beams. Currently, research efforts have primarily focused on predicting the strength and stiffness of this type of connection. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the characterization of the cyclic response of joints with passing-through members, a crucial aspect for modelling steel structures with these connection types in seismic areas.In light of this, the paper aims to characterize the cyclic response of T-joints with CHS members and passing-through plates using a comprehensive approach that incorporates experimental, numerical, and analytical methods. Initially, the results of an experimental study examining the cyclic behaviour of T-joint specimens with passing-through plates are presented. Subsequently, models of the tested joints are implemented in Finite Element software and validated against the experimental outcomes. The validated models are used to conduct a parametric study, considering 44 different configurations to obtain their force-displacement cyclic responses. These responses are mathematically modelled using the hysteretic uniaxial material from the OpenSees library and a Genetic Algorithm based tool previously developed by the authors (MultiCal). Finally, regression analyses are performed to develop formulations for predicting the mathematical parameters of the hysteretic uniaxial material model starting directly from the geometrical and mechanical properties of the connection.This approach enables designers to model the cyclic response in structural analysis with a straightforward approach, without the need for new calibrations or tests, if the modelled joints fall within the proposed range of calibration. From the point of view of the component modelling, the approach presented aligns with the larger research strand devoted to the extension of the component method codified in Eurocode 3 part 1.8 to cyclic loading conditions.

Stiffness of Loaded Face of Steel Rectangular Hollow Section Columns with and without Concrete Infill in Beam-column Endplate Connections

This paper presents a new analytical approach for calculating the stiffness of the loaded face of a rectangular hollow section RHS column in beam-column connections with and without concrete infill, as well as with flush and extended endplates, to determine the behavior curve of these types of connections. The approach, based on Eurocode 03's component method, offers efficient analytical formulas for accurately determining the loaded face's stiffness. A comparison with existing methods demonstrates its remarkable simplicity and efficiency, allowing a simple beam model to represent the RHS column's behavior with all relevant parameters considered. Comparison of the new approach to existing ones from the literature demonstrates their reliability and efficiency. Furthermore, when compared to 32 experimental tests presenting nearly the entire range of probable connection configurations, as well as attachment techniques commonly used in construction practice, the margin of error does not exceed 12 percent on average and a maximum of less than 25 percent.

Cyclic behavior of laminated bio-based connections with slotted-in steel plates: Genetic algorithm, deterministic neural network-based model parameter identification, and uncertainty quantification

To support more sustainable construction, this paper experimentally investigates the cyclic behavior of laminated timber (Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)) and glubam (Glue Laminated Bamboo) connections with slotted-in steel plates in terms of experimental test, numerical simulations and parameter identification. Experimental tests included eight different configurations: two materials (LVL and glubam), two bolt diameters (8 and 10 mm), and one or two bolts. Two different cyclic-loading protocols were applied for each type of connection: only tension and tension/compression. The observed behavior is then compared to a finite element model developed in OpenSeesPy, which takes into account factors such as sliding, contact, pinching, cyclic stiffness, and strength degradation. To identify the best set of parameters for the model, three different approaches are considered: genetic algorithm, fast deterministic neural network, and probabilistic Bayesian method. First, the model identification is carried out by means of a genetic algorithm-based optimization. The parameter-identification results are evaluated in terms of elastic stiffness, yielding point, and ductility. Next, a sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the significance of the parameters, and an innovative approach combining neural network and sensitivity analysis is proposed for fast and preliminary parameter identification. Then, probabilistic Bayesian identification is employed to calculate the posterior distribution of the model parameters identified and the confidence bounds of the estimated response. Finally, different model identification parameters are compared and suggestions for algorithm selection are provided.

It’s not just “who” you know, but “how” you know them: how social and commercial relationships differentially influence customer discounts

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to contribute to previous research on customer relationships by quantitatively examining differences in the monetary benefits obtained by consumers using social and commercial relationships to make purchases from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approachCustomer transaction and relationship data from an SME in the USA is used to quantitatively assess the value of different marketplace relationships in an entrepreneurial context. Tobit regression is used to empirically model and test the impact of specific relationship characteristics on customer discounts.FindingsCustomers using social connections to make purchases obtain significantly larger discounts than customers using commercial connections; customers using direct connections attain significantly larger discounts than consumers using indirect connections (referrals). Interestingly, when examined by connection type, direct and indirect connections do not produce significant differences for social connections, yet they yield notable differences for commercial connections. The findings provide valuable insights to entrepreneurs for understanding and managing customer relationships.Originality/valueThis study empirically demonstrates that social relationships can be both prevalent and influential in the marketplace. The methodology used to quantitatively assess the monetary value associated with different methods of engaging with SMEs allows objective comparisons among different types of customer relationships. Quantification also allows important relationship characteristics to be empirically examined, including how the relationships compare to one another and to nonpersonal marketing activities. Ultimately, these novel contributions generate important insights to help marketers and entrepreneurs better understand customer relationships.

Structural behavior of jointed precast concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars

This experimental research aims to reduce the joint length between the precast concrete elements reinforced with GFRP bars. The experimental work was divided into two stages. Stage (I) consists of twelve specimens made from GFRP bars and jointed together using GFRP or steel sleeves filled with epoxy resin. The specimens were tested under tension up to failure to investigate the tensile capacity of splice bars taking into consideration different parameters such as sleeve type, embedment length, bar size, and sleeve radial stiffness. While Stage (II) consists of ten reinforced concrete beams measuring 200 × 350 × 3300 mm. All beams were tested under a four-point bending load up to failure. The connection types for GFRP bars were investigated using two methods; (i) the optimum sleeve connector selected from stage I, (ii) using lap splice with different parameters such as splice length, joint compressive strength, and confinement lap-splice region with GFRP sheets. The test results show that an adequate bar embedment length and sleeve radial stiffness are required to achieve bar tensile strength. Whereas lap splice length can be reduced by increasing confinement of lap splice region with GFRP sheets. Finally, precast elements' joint length can be minimized by using a sleeve connector with adequate radial stiffness and embedment length equal to 15-times bar diameter or by confinement of the lap splice region to minimize its length to 40-times bar diameter.

An Influence of Actuator Gluing on Elastic Wave Excited in the Structure.

In this article, the practical issues connected with guided wave measurement are studied: (1) the influence of gluing of PZT plate actuators (NAC2013) on generated elastic wave propagation, (2) the repeatability of PZT transducers attachment, and (3) the assessment of the possibility of comparing the results of Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV) measurement performed on different 2D samples. The consideration of these questions is crucial in the context of the assessment of the possibility of the application of the guided wave phenomenon to structural health-monitoring systems, e.g., in civil engineering. In the examination, laboratory tests on the web of steel I-section specimens were conducted. The size and shape of the specimens were developed in such a way that they were similar to the elements typically used in civil engineering structures. It was proved that the highest amplitude of the generated wave was obtained when the exciters were glued using wax. The repeatability and durability of this connection type were the weakest. Due to this reason, it was not suitable for practical use outside the laboratory. The permanent glue application gave a stable connection between the exciter and the specimen, but the generated signal had the lowest amplitude. In the paper, the new procedure dedicated to objective analysis and comparison of the elastic waves propagating on the surface of different specimens was proposed. In this procedure, the genetic algorithms help with the determination of a new coordinate system, in which the assessment of the quality of wave propagation in different directions is possible.

The role of mathematical connections in object-level and meta-level learning: a potential lens for supporting pre-service teacher learning

ABSTRACT The importance of mathematical connections in teaching mathematics is broadly acknowledged in the literature. Nevertheless, more research is needed to clarify how different types of mathematical connections manifest in classroom interactions and how they can support student learning. This article uses the commognitive framework to analyse 15 pre-service secondary teachers’ (PSTs’) discussions on mathematical connections that hypothetically could be made in a pattern generalisation task. The study seeks to explore the types of connections produced by the PSTs and to examine the potential opportunities for object-level and meta-level learning in algebra discourse. The findings are discussed in light of ongoing efforts to refine teachers’ pedagogical knowledge and practice regarding mathematical connections and to develop better pedagogical tools to communicate about mathematical connections.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ НАУЧНЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О ФАКТОРАХ, ВЛИЯЮЩИХ НА УСПЕХ ДЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ИМПЛАНТАЦИИ

For the full-fledged work of a dentist-implantologist working in the field of replenishment of dentition with the help of dental implants and prostheses based on them in the modern realities of excessive variability of implant systems and suprastructures for them, the clinician needs to understand the criteria that various structural elements must meet, regardless of whether the structure is a single tooth, a bridge, or a full dentition restored with the above structure. In accordance with modern scientific concepts, the long-term survival of implants and teeth restored with their help is influenced by various mechanical and biological factors, such as: switching platforms, the type of connection of the abutment to the implant body, including the cone, its angle, internal or external polyhedron, the type and shape of the thread, the coating of the screw fixing the superstructure to the shaft of the dental implant (DI), the condition of the soft tissues and other factors disclosed in this article. The article will be useful for dentists involved in the restoration of dentition using various types of prostheses based on DI to become familiar with modern trends and scientifically proven facts about various elements of the implant-prosthesis complex. The article will also be useful for the clinician to select an implantological system that meets modern criteria of reliability and efficiency among the many variations presented on the medical device market. The team of authors recommends that the article be read by senior students and residents studying at the dental faculties of medical universities for a deeper understanding of the conditions that in the near future they will have to take into account when following the path of an orthopedic dentist or dental surgeon.

Progress on the connection performance of steel-engineered bamboo beam-column connections under cyclic loads: a review

Bamboo is a great building material due to its low carbon and environmental friendless. The connection performance of beam-column joints had an impact on the seismic performance of the whole structure. The beam-column connection performance is critical in earthquakes. Steel-engineered timber connections have good seismic properties, and the properties of bamboo and timber are very similar. Therefore, the form of wood structure connection can be used in bamboo structures. The type of member materials used and the connection forms applied determine the structure elastic behavior. Common engineered bamboo has been introduced, and the current connection form of engineered timber has been summarized in this paper. Secondly, research on the indicators of connection performance under cyclic loads has been introduced, including damage forms, strength, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity. Thirdly, the traits of various types of connections are presented, and this paper could be taken as a reference for future studies on connections in steel-engineered bamboo structures.

Bilingual Language Control in the Brain: Evidence from Structural and Effective Functional Brain Connectivity.

Experience in bilingual language control is often accompanied by changes in the structure and function of the brain. Brain structural changes are also often closely related to changes in functions. Previous studies, however, have not directly explored the relationship between structural connectivity and effective functional connectivity of the brain during bilingual language control, and whether the two types of connectivity are associated with behavioral performance of language control. Using behavioral performance, functional, and diffusion imaging techniques, we found that: (1) during language control, the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), left caudate nucleus (CN), inferior parietal lobe, precuneus, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC)/pre-SMA were significantly activated. (2) In the language control model with left dlPFC, dACC/pre-SMA, and left CN as ROIs (selected based on activation results and language control models from previous studies), stimuli first enter dACC/pre-SMA and then to left CN. At the left CN, a bidirectional effective connectivity is formed with left dlPFC. (3) There is a nonlinear relationship between effective connectivity during language control and the structural connectivity of the second language learners' brains. Specifically, the fiber density between dACC/pre-SMA and left dlPFC has a positive influence on the bidirectional effective connectivity between left dlPFC and left CN. Findings of the present study contribute evidence toward functional effective connectivity during bilingual language control; toward structural connectivity in the brains of second language learners; as well as toward nonlinear relationships between functional effective connectivity, structural connectivity, and behavioral performance in relation to bilingual language control.