Conical Parameters Research Articles

Research on the influence of conical micro array chip parameters on fog water collection

Abstract Conducting research on water collection based on the bionic cactus conical spine structure holds significant importance for arid regions, the key parameters of conical micro array chip affecting the contact area between the micro cones and the fog determine the fog water collection. However, the influence of the conical arrays parameters including cone angle and arrangement on water collection is rarely studied. We present research on the influence of conical micro array chip parameters on fog water collection. The conical micro array chips with different parameters including the cone apex angle and arrangement pattern were designed, and the experiments of the fog water collection were conducted. The experiments explored the impact of arrangement patterns, cone apex angle, the distance and orientation of the conical micro array chip (CMAC) relative to the fog flow, and the surface properties (hydrophilic and hydrophobic) of the CMAC on fog water collection efficiency. Through these experiments, the law of influence of key parameters of the conical arrays on fog water collection efficiency was obtained. The experiments indicate the CMAC with large cone apex angle, hexagonal arrangement and hydrophilic surface has a better water collection efficiency . Further, this research can be beneficial to the advancement and application of water collection devices in arid environments.

Development of a Vertical Mashing Machine and Specifying its Main Parameters

The paper proves the necessity to create new modernized types of fruit and vegetable processing machines. The paper highlights the importance of such machinery versatility, since each individual type of fruit and vegetable has its own physical characteristics, such as solidity, viscosity, moisture content, fibers, seeds, and grains. (Research purpose) To study the zucchini mashing process performed by the developed vertical mashing unit. (Materials and methods) An improved mashing machine design is proposed: a vertical plant with a conical auger inside and a sieve drum. (Results and discussion) Based on the calculations, the following parameters are specified: the body wall thickness, the cell diameter, the cone and conical auger parameters, as well as the machine operating modes. The sieve drum height is set at 0.8 meters, the diameter is 0.4 meters, the distance between the cone top and the drum is 0.15 meters. A conical auger is made for four working turns. (Conclusions) The minimum number of zucchini seeds (100 pieces) is specified for the subsequent selection of the drum cell diameter. The criteria and delimitations for high-quality zucchini mashing were identified. The diameter of the vertical masher cells was set within the range from 0.0071 to 0.0093 meters.

Controlling spacing of double-ring perfect optical vortex using the Fourier transform of Bessel beam with axicon phase

The perfect optical vortex (POV) has additional potential uses in optical trapping and optical communication, due to its diameter being independent of its topological charge. In this study, we demonstrate a double-ring vortex beam with adjustable spacing between the two rings; its size is also only minimally affected by the change of topological charge. To our knowledge, the beam satisfies the double-ring POV concept. The Fourier transform of a Bessel beam embedded with an axicon phase can theoretically produce such a beam. The experimental findings support the numerical results, demonstrating that the ring spacing between two rings can be modulated via the conical parameter, expanding the superposition of double-ring beams and that the two rings always keep the same topological charge value. We also consider the vortex array created by the double-ring beam, as well as the beam’s shape. Optical trapping, orbital angular momentum multiplexing, and optical communication could all benefit from the changeable ring spacing of a double-ring vortex beam.

Study on the transient temperature distribution of new conical friction plate under sliding friction

Conical friction surface is a novel configuration for friction plate in transmission. Numerical FEA models for transient heat transfer and distribution of conically grooved friction plate have been established to investigate the thermal behavior of the conical surface with different configurations. The finite element method is used to obtain the numerical solution, the temperature test data of conical surface are obtained by the friction test rig. In order to study and compare the temperature behavior of conically grooved friction plate, several three-dimensional transient temperature models are established. The heat generated on the friction interface during the continuous sliding process is calculated. Two different pressure conditions were defined to evaluate the influence of different load conditions on temperature rise and the effects of conical configuration parameters on surface temperature distribution are investigated. The results show that the radial temperature gradient on conical friction surface is obvious. The uniform pressure condition could be used when evaluating the temperature rise of conically grooved friction plate. The increase of the cone height could improve the radial temperature gradient of the conically grooved friction plate.

Holographic Complexity in AdS Accelerating Black Holes

In this paper, we investigate the holographic complexity growth rate of the AdS accelerating black hole with a small mass for Einstein gravity by using the “complexity equals action” (CA-duality). By considering the contributions from the bulk, boundary term, and joint terms, we find the result of the action growth at the late time. In particular, we find the action growth only relies on the conical deficits parameter K and is independent of the accelerating A.

Non-linear transient response of porous functionally graded truncated conical panels using GDQ method

Present study deals with large displacement transient dynamic response of truncated conical panels made of Porous Functionally Graded Materials (P-FGMs) using Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) method. In this study, geometric non-linearity is taken into consideration through Green-Lagrange non-linear strain-displacement relations. First order shear deformation theory (FSDT) is utilized to take transverse shear effects into account. Virtual work principle is used to derive the equation of motion. The solution methodology utilizes GDQ method for spatial discretization of the variables. Newmark average acceleration method is implemented in time integration. Effects of different types of porosity distribution, porosity ratio and conical parameters on non-linear transient behavior of truncated conical panels are investigated for functionally graded material made of Zirconia/Aluminum (ZrO2/Al) considering various volume fraction coefficients.

Study on geometric features of conical threads

The article studies the problem of oil/gas pipe conical thread reinforcement; in particular, the geometrical fundamentals for tool design for reinforcement. The article considers the main types of conical threads for pipes used in oil/gas industry. It was determined, that to obtain initial data for tools, used to reinforce thread crest and flank, it is necessary to consider conical threads not only as helical lines, but also as helicoid surfaces, to determine what helicoid parameters make the thread conical and obtain relations for the calculation of these geometric parameters. The authors determined geometrical parameters of conical threads and design parameters to develop rollers with deformed protrusions for simultaneous reinforcement of aforementioned thread crests and flank to improve tools for their frictional reinforcement. It was stated, that contrary to cylindrical threads, helicoid’s angles of inclination, which form conical threads, differ not only by the angle of inclination to the plane normal to their axes, but also by the values. The study of conical thread geometrical features refers to a cylindrical one allows to use these features in the design or improvement of tools for its manufacture and/or reinforcement. This approach allows improving the tools for frictional reinforcement of conical locking threads by modifying the lateral deforming elements. It makes possible to simplify tool manufacture, increase tool durability, reinforce the conical thread surface, and improve the quality, performance and economy of the conical thread frictional reinforcement.

New Concept in Humidity Sensing: Role of Molecular Brownian Energy and Probabilistic Mean Free Path to differentiate RH- and Trace Level Detection.

A break in the traditional pore morphology approach in anodic alumina is presented here to see its niche merit over the conventional sensors for water vapor detection. The cylindrical pore structure was replaced with a normal cone for trace-level and inverse cone for RH-level detection. The normal conical pore was fabricated by sheer manipulation of the reaction rates of electrolytes, anodic polarization, rate and time; the procedure was reversed in the case of the inverse cone structure. A sensor with a normal cone geometry exhibits excellent response at the ppm level and slightly extended to low RH level with a detection range of 120 ppm-30% RH, having response and recovery times of 6 and 255 s, measured at 120 ppm. Lowering of the minimum detection limit further requires alteration of the conical geometric parameters, in tandem with the molecular dynamics of water vapor molecules within the pore. In contrast, a sensor developed from an inverse conical structure shows response only at the RH level, from 20% RH to 90% RH with response and recovery times of less than 60 s over the entire range. Limitations such as nonlinear response, large response-recovery time, and high hysteresis as observed in conventional anodic alumina-based humidity sensors have been removed. The sensor response in conical and inverse conical pore morphologies is compared with that of standard sensors having a cylindrical pore morphology, with a top pore diameter identical with that of the reported sensors. The standard sensors were found to detect in the RH range only, with response and recovery times below 20s. The sensing mechanisms in both structures have been suitably demonstrated and ratified with experimental data. Trace level detection is interpreted with the statistical probabilistic approach in the light of the kinetic theory of gases and Brownian energy. A correlation between top surface pore diameter (through which water molecules enter) and the optimized mean free path of vapor molecule is established, and its effectiveness has been demonstrated for humidity detection at a trace level. The results are encouraging, and the same concept may be tried for the detection of other gaseous stimuli, including organic vapors.

Development of an expression for the volume of off-centered conical pile inside a cylindrical silo

In this study, both analytical and empirical formula that expresses volume of off-centered conical pile inside a cylindrical structure are proposed. The total of 1050 off-centered cones including three parameters of dimension are acquired by computer aided design software. A volume expression enclosing conical pile parameters associated with variables of optimization is derived. Then the volume expression is obtained by substituting the variables determined by particle swarm optimization algorithm. The mean absolute percentage error between calculated and designed volumes of 1050 data are found as 0.0017% and 0.0299% for analytical and empirical expressions, respectively. Proposed calculations are also compared with another empirical formula existing in literature. In addition, two different small-scale case study are performed and the proposed formulations are verified experimentally. Results demonstrate that volume of the off-centered conical pile inside a cylindrical structure can be easily calculated with the help of empirically developed expression, without using complex mathematics.

Crushing behavior of multi-component conical tubes as energy absorber: A comparative analysis between end-capped and non-capped conical tubes

Design of multi-component absorber is a method to improve the specific energy absorption (SEA) and reduce the peak crushing load at the time of the initial accident. In this study, multi-component conical specimens are made from aluminium in the form of end-capped and non-capped. To do so, a long conical tube is divided into several shorter thin-walled conical portions, so that the thickness, length and mechanical properties of the wall vary along the tube length. The purpose of this new design on the conical absorber is to modify performance of shock absorber including decrease of initial peak crushing load and increase of SEA. Therefore, a series of quasi-static experimental tests are carried out on the end-capped and non-capped multi-component conical tubes and parameters of energy absorption, initial peak load, crush force efficiency and SEA are calculated. The results show that the maximum crushing load in simple conical tubes begins at first folding, while it is shifted to the end of the crushing process in multi-component conical tubes. Also, it is shown that the SEA and the crush force efficiency of the non-capped multi-component specimens were further in comparison with the end-capped ones. Finally, it was found that by using this type of the energy absorber, damage to the main structure and also the occupants of car was decreased.

Morphometric analysis of scoria cones: the potential for inferring process from shape

Abstract Geometric analysis was used to define seven morphometric parameters for the description of the shape of scoria cones, including volume, orientation and five shape parameters (flat-topped-ness, steep-sided-ness, relative crater depth, crater slope and elongation). The measurement and analysis of these shape factors for five distinct scoria cone populations facilitated an exploration of the overlapping effects of growth and erosion processes on shape. Flat-topped-ness seemed to be insensitive to either growth or erosion, suggesting a dependence on eruption energetics. Most of the variation in steep-sided-ness originated from eruptions ending during variable (early to mature) stages of development (growth) and from erosional processes, although steep-sided-ness was also sensitive to eruption energetics (through fragmentation and its impact on the angle of repose). Steep-sided-ness was therefore a poor indicator of geomorphic age. Distinct types of scoria cone shape (ideal, gully, horseshoe, tilted, crater row, parasitic and amorphous) captured a variety of deviations in shape from the purely conical, yet the conical shape parameters differed little in average value between the shape types. The conical shape parameters captured the growth and erosion processes (e.g. ballistic delivery, tephra redistribution via avalanching and erosional transport) common to all scoria cones rather than the particular processes that made the shape types unique (e.g. breaching, rafting and wind effects). Supplementary material: Locations of examples of the shape types are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3661907

A simple setup for the measurement of conic surfaces using a plane-parallel plate as a null corrector

Optical traditional interferometers are usually used to evaluate the form of spherical and plane surfaces; those systems could also assess the quality of aspheric surfaces which are quasi-spherical. But if a general aspheric surface is to be evaluated, this procedure requires the purchase of complicated and very expensive devices, such as aspheric interferometer, null-lenses, and computer generated hologram for each aspheric surface. This article presents a solid method allowing the measurement of a wide range of conical aspheric surfaces. This method is based on inserting plane-parallel plate (PPP) within the path of a laser beam coming out of a traditional Fizeau interferometer. This article also presents a mathematical justification that relates the conical surface parameters to the thickness of the inserted PPP. The article also presents the supporting computer simulations and some practical results of applying this method and its range of use.

A universal formulation for indentation whatever the indenter geometry

We propose in this paper a geometrical equivalence between a shape described by a power law and a conical geometry. A theoretical and numerical study has allowed us to generalize an equivalence between the conical geometrical parameter tanβ and the spherical or power law shape geometrical parameter ac/R. Moreover, in order to superpose indentation data whatever the geometry, a new pile-up parameter Δ has been introduced. For one set of mechanical properties of the tested sample, this new formulation leads to a perfect superposition between conical, power law shape and spherical indentation data. At the end of this paper, we propose a comparison between the results proposed in literature and the present formulation.

On the description of conical intersections--a continuous representation of the local topography of seams of conical intersection of three or more electronic states: a generalization of the two state result.

For conical intersections of two states (I,J = I + 1) the vectors defining the branching or g-h plane, the energy difference gradient vector g(I,J), and the interstate coupling vector h(I,J), can be made orthogonal by a one parameter rotation of the degenerate electronic eigenstates. The representation obtained from this rotation is used to construct the parameters that describe the vicinity of the conical intersection seam, the conical parameters, s(x)(I,J)(R), s(y)(I,J)(R), g(I,J)(R), and h(I,J)(R). As a result of the orthogonalization these parameters can be made continuous functions of R, the internuclear coordinates. In this work we generalize this notion to construct continuous parametrizations of conical intersection seams of three or more states. The generalization derives from a recently introduced procedure for using non-degenerate electronic states to construct coupled diabatic states that represent adiabatic states coupled by conical intersections. The procedure is illustrated using the seam of conical intersections of three states in parazolyl as an example.

On the dynamic buckling of truncated conical shells with functionally graded coatings subject to a time dependent axial load in the large deformation

A study has been made to determine the critical time parameters of truncated conical shells with functionally graded coatings (FGCs) and subjected to a time dependent axial load in the large deformation. The method of solution utilizes Superposition principle and Galerkin procedure. Donnell–Karman type non-linear differential equations for the truncated conical shell with FGCs are derived and reduced to ordinary differential equation with the time dependent coefficient. The Runge–Kutta method and modified Budiansky–Roth criterion are then used to solve this non-linear differential equation with the time dependent coefficient. Finally, effects of compositional profiles of coatings, variation of truncated conical shell parameters and loading speed on the dimensionless linear and non-linear critical time parameters have been studied. Comparing the results of this study with those in the literature validates the present analysis.

Seams of Conical Intersections Relevant to the Quenching of OH(A2Σ+) by Collisions with H2

Using multireference configuration interaction wave functions composed of 17–52 million configuration state functions, 18 points on the 1(2)A–2(2)A seam and 162 points on the 2(2)A–3(2)A seam of conical intersections relevant to the collisional quenching of OH(A(2)Σ(+)) by H(2) are determined and analyzed. In the vicinity of planar nuclear configurations, the former seam corresponds to a 1(2)A′–1(2)A″ seam of intersection and the latter corresponds to a 1(2)A′–2(2)A′ seam. For the previously studied 2(2)A–3(2)A seam, two regions not previously examined are reported: (i) an out-of-plane region that connects smoothly to the 1(2)A′–2(2)A′ seam for planar structures and (ii) a Rydberg region that includes D(3h)/C(3v) structures where the 2(2)A–3(2)A seam is a 2(2)A′–3(2)A′ seam for D(3h) structures. Some of the nonplanar points on the 2(2)A–3(2)A seam of conical intersection are found to have OH and H(2) distances comparable to those of the reactant molecules and energies below that of the reactant asymptote. These nonplanar entrance channel conical intersections suggest new mechanisms for the quenching reaction. The Rydberg region introduces new connectivity and symmetry issues. For the 1(2)A–2(2)A [1(2)A′–1(2)A″] seam, which unlike the 2(2)A–3(2)A [1(2)A′–2(2)A′] seam cannot continuously deform from planar to nonplanar structures except through confluences, no evidence of nonplanar points on the conical intersection seam was found. The continuous conical parameters, g(I,J), h(I,J), s(x)(I,J), and s(y)(I,J) and the associated vectors g(I,J), h(I,J), and s(I,J), are determined and discussed. The conical parameters are made continuous by a prescribed rotation of the degenerate wave functions. The continuity of these conical parameters makes it possible to construct a quasi-diabatic representation of the coupled adiabatic potential energy surfaces.

Conical Nanoparticles for Blood Disease Detection

Metallic nanoparticles play an important role in the design of sensing platforms. In this paper, a new electromagnetic study for conical metal nanoparticles, working in the Near Infrared and Visible frequency regime, is proposed. The structures consist of inclusions, arranged in an array configuration, embedded in a dielectric environment. The aim of this work is to develop new analytical models, in order to describe the nanoparticles electromagnetic behavior in terms of extinction cross-section (absorption and scattering). The closed-form formulas link the conical nanoparticles geometrical and electromagnetic parameters to their resonant frequency properties in terms of wavelength position, magnitude and bandwidth. The proposed models are compared to the numerical results and to the experimental ones, reported in literature. Good agreement is obtained. The proposed analytical formulas represent useful tools for sensing applications. For this reason, exploiting such models a new sensing platform able to detect different blood diseases is obtained. Numerical results confirm the capability of the proposed structure to be used as a sensing platform for medical diagnostics.

Theoretical and experimental analysis on efficiency factors and heat removal factors of Fresnel lens solar collector using different cavity receivers

The efficiency and heat removal factors are useful parameters for evaluating the thermal performance of concentrating solar collectors. In this work, the efficiency factors and heat removal factors of Fresnel lens solar collectors using different kinds of point-focus cavity receivers were obtained both theoretically and experimentally. An experimental unit was built, whereby eight kinds of cavity receivers, namely: conical, spherical, cylindrical, hemispherical, positive cone frustum, reverse cone frustum, heteroconical and domical, were tested and analyzed. It is found that the theoretical results agree well with the test results. For the point-focus Fresnel lens solar collector, the conical cavity receiver showed the best thermal performance, with a highest theoretical heat removal factor of 0.868. Effect of conical cavity parameters on the efficiency and heat removal factors were studied. Results showed that under given operation conditions, the optimum aperture diameter of the cavity, the optimum inside diameter of the receiver tube and the optimum vertex angle of the cross section through the symmetric axis of the receiver are 80mm, 15mm and 60°, respectively. For better thermal performance, the geometrical concentration ratio of the studied Fresnel lens solar collector should be more than 500.

The phenomenon of conical refraction in a thin-layer periodic semiconductor-dielectric structure in a magnetic field

The propagation of electromagnetic waves along the optical axes of a thin-layer periodic semiconductor-dielectric structure in an external magnetic field (i.e., under conditions of external and internal conical refraction) has been investigated. It is shown that the conditions for conical refraction can be implemented in certain regions by changing the external magnetic field, wave frequency, and thickness of the layers forming the structure. By varying the above-mentioned characteristics, one can efficiently control the conical refraction parameters; in particular, the opening angles of the cone of internal and external conical refraction and the inclination of the optical axes with respect to the periodicity axis can be varied in a wide range. The results of this study may be useful for designing millimeter-wave, submillimeter-wave, and IR devices.

Influence of the initial imperfection on the non-linear buckling response of FGM truncated conical shells

Non-linear buckling analyses of imperfect functionally graded truncated conical shells with simply supported boundary conditions and subjected to an axial compressive load have been presented in this work. The material properties of functionally graded shells are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness of the shell. The non-linear prebuckling deformations and initial geometric imperfections of an FGM truncated conical shell are both taken into account. The fundamental relations, modified Donnell type non-linear stability and compatibility equations of an imperfect FGM truncated conical shell are obtained and are solved by superposition and Galerkin methods, and the upper and lower critical axial loads has been found analytically. The numerical illustrations concern the non-linear buckling response of FGM truncated conical shells with different values of truncated conical shell parameters, initial imperfections and compositional profiles. Comparing the results of this study with those in the literature validates the present analysis.