Congress Poland Research Articles

To Market! To Market! The Polish Peasantry in the Era of the Stolypin Reforms

Of the many unexplored aspects of the history of Russian Poland on the eve of the Great War, the condition of peasant agriculture during this time of fundamental social and economic change is one of the more striking. While it has long been acknowledged that the years following the revolution of 1905 “brought excellent conditions for every producer,” that “the advances in agriculture in Congress Poland were considerable,” and that “this progress extended … to the peasants as well,” the role of the Russian state in the development of the Polish countryside, particularly during the period of agrarian reforms associated with P. A. Stolypin, has escaped the attention of historians.

The Beginnings of the Zionist Movement in Congress Poland: The Victory of The Hasidim Over the Zionists?

The Beginnings of the Zionist Movement in Congress Poland: The Victory of The <i>Hasidim</i> Over the Zionists?

Politics and Economics in Congress Poland, 1815–1864

Journal Article Politics and Economics in Congress Poland, 1815–1864 Get access R. F. Leslie R. F. Leslie London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Past & Present, Volume 8, Issue 1, November 1955, Pages 43–63, https://doi.org/10.1093/past/8.1.43 Published: 01 November 1955

On the magnetic anomaly in Poland

When I began magnetic investigations in Polish territory in 1910, I could not be guided in any way by previous surveys, because they were mostly disconnected and not sufficiently worked out.From separate investigations conducted here and there at different times, we could only estimate with some approximation the annual changes. As a fundamental distance between observation points, I took 40 kilometers, though realizing that later on it would be necessary to diminish this; however, when it was possible (the facility of communication had to be thought of and it is to be remembered that I was doing this at the time of Russian rule), I tried to use also smaller distances, about half as large. The above explains why the distribution of my observation points is not uniform over the whole of Congress (Russian) Poland which has been examined. But, thanks to it, I may draw with still greater assurance conclusions as to the abnormal course of isomagnetic lines, and form other plans as to further investigations. Figs. 1, 2, and 3 show the observation‐points mentioned for the years 1910–1913, together with the respective values of D, H, and I, all reduced to average annual value of 1912, and so they are comparable with each other.