DA Marfortt, D Josviack, A Lozano, E Cuestas, L Aguero, JA Castro-Rodriguez. J Asthma. 2018;55(5):470–476 To examine how preschoolers with recurrent wheeze from urban and rural areas differ in their diagnosis of asthma, allergic diseases, and atopy. A total of 143 children, ages 9 to 60 months (mean: 38.8 ± 1.3 months), with pediatrician-diagnosed recurrent wheeze defined as ≥3 episodes of wheezing in the previous year were included. Seventy-five (52.5%) were boys, and 82 (57.3%) lived in urban areas. Children from the urban population lived in downtown Rafaela, Argentina, whereas the rural population lived in small farm towns within 50 km from the city. Children with cystic fibrosis, gastroesophageal reflux, lower-airway recurrent infections, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, tuberculosis, heart or congenital pulmonary malformations, foreign body aspiration, primary ciliary dyskinesia, and/or …