Role Confusion Research Articles

A model of successful DNP and PhD collaboration.

Within nursing education, the existence of two graduate-level programs has created some challenges. Role confusion between the practice-focused Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) and the research-focused Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is compounded by competition for similar positions. Collaboration between DNP and PhD nurses, however, benefits the health care system and patients. The complementary skills of these two groups of nurses are detailed, and a model for building PhD-DNP partnerships is presented based on a collaborative PhD-DNP project that resolved a negative trend in outcomes from cardiac surgery. The clinical pathway created by the project met national benchmarks, improved interprofessional staff communication, and resulted in uniform and improved patient care. Although role differentiation for doctoral nurses can be challenging, role integration is critical. Building collaborative partnerships between these groups of nurses benefits the health care system, as well as patients, and this partnership is sustainable through successful collaborative projects. Doctoral-prepared nurses must understand each other's background and education and focus on what each can contribute. In the beginning, as with any collaborative relationship, collaborators must discuss and agree on ground rules, team roles, responsibilities, and time line for projects.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FORMATION OF THE MOTIVATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL ROLE MODEL IN ADULT EDUCATION

Solving the problem of adaptation of adults to the new conditions of their life, information support of adult education is designed to solve two important and related problems: the formation of the educational role model of the student and the implementation of the strategy of adaptive-role resonance. Under the educational role model, we understand the anticipation of the role of an adult in the new conditions of life, formed in the process of information support of adult education. The model meets the role needs of an adult, his needs, goals, interests, society; corrects the advanced development of the individual, overcomes the symptoms of confusion of roles at certain stages of human life. In our opinion, the strategy of adaptive-role resonance is the reaction of the student to the educational-role model formed by the information support. And the more professional, purposeful, active, substantive information support of adult education will draw an educational role model, the more effective the strategy of adaptation and role resonance will be implemented. The author raises the problem of formation of motivational environment for more effective functioning of the educational role model of an adult learner. He emphasizes that one of the main features of an adult learner is his willingness to learn (motivation), which is determined by his desire to solve his vital problems and achieve concrete results through learning activities. The author comes to the conclusion that the formation of the motivational environment determines the forms and methods of the educational process, the success of the adaptive-role resonance, the subjective probability of success of an adult learner.

Palliative Care Interdisciplinary Team Effectiveness: Building an Effective Team and Maintaining Team Health (FR454)

•Identify and assess the attributes of a healthy palliative care interdisciplinary team.•Identify and discuss three common threats to individual and team health.•Identify four practices or processes teams can put in place to improve team effectiveness. Has your team ever experienced high turnover, seemingly unmanageable consult volumes, tension among team members, role confusion, or less than effective interdisciplinary team (IDT) performance? How did your team maintain clinical quality? How did your team work together to solve problems or issues that were causing stress? Whether due to growth, the ongoing stresses of providing palliative care to seriously ill patients, or diverse personalities, most teams experience these issues at one time or another. Figuring out how to onboard new team members, identify team issues, and collectively work through challenges as a team is critical, particularly when your team stress is at its peak. This interactive session will provide participants with practical tools and tips for building a high-quality, effective interdisciplinary team in and across hospital, home, clinic, and other settings. An interdisciplinary panel will outline the practices and team processes they have put in place that reinforce team health, ensure role clarity, and improve team communication.

Failure of Muslim Leadership in America From the Perspective of First-Generation Muslim Americans: A Phenomenological Study

While leadership is a foundational component of guidance in most societies, Muslim children born in America to immigrant parents lack such guidance. A qualitative case study was recently conducted with six first-generation Muslim American college students and professionals. The purpose of this study was six-fold: to examine the concept of leadership in Muslim communities in America, to observe perceptions of Muslim leadership in mosques and community centers, to examine the practice and beliefs of Muslims in America, to view the social interaction of Muslim Americans within their community, to view the mentorship and leadership aspects of Muslim Americans in their community and to inspect marital and cultural aspects within those societies. Findings reveal four themes that show that Muslim Americans are subject to role confusion as they go through adolescence and need a leadership role model to assist them through this stage.

Lessons learned from implementing alternative rites in the fight against female genital mutilation/cutting.

Introductionhistorically, programs aimed at making communities abolish female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) consisted mainly of awareness campaigns on sexual reproductive health and rights and the enforcement of newly implemented laws. These types of programs or interventions appear to be only partially effective and sometimes yield unintended results, such as actually strengthening commitment to FGM/C or transforming it into a secret practice. A newer approach to change that is intended to account for the cultural meanings ascribed to FGM/C are alternative rites of passage (ARP). Amref Health Africa started adopting this approach in 2007. Since then, by a trial-and-error process lessons have been learned, that will be reflected upon in this paper.Methodsdesk research was conducted on organizational data regarding all Amref Health Africa's efforts to end FGM/C. Ninety-four in-depth formal interviews were held with members from Maasai and Samburu communities in Kenya targeted through maximum variation sampling. And participant observation of significative events as well as daily pastimes took place during school holiday season at the end of 2016. Furthermore extensive informal talks were held with project donors, activists, journalists, members of other non-governmental organizations, members of community services organizations, local government officials, high-ranking Dutch and US diplomats and senior members of the Anti-Female Genital Mutilation Board, which is part of the Kenyan Ministry of Public Service, Youth and Gender Affairs. On the basis of these data a framework on different positions on FGM/C was developed and published in early 2018. By reviewing the data again from a particular change management and public health perspective, by peer-debriefing within a multi-disciplinary research team and by explicating the lessons learned this paper adds to an overview that is of crucial importance to practitioners working to end FGM/C.Resultsrisk of exclusion, perceived loss of cultural identity, changing meanings ascribed to cultural practices, lack of precise knowledge about subjective (sexual) experience and negative stereotyping are reasons not to adhere to anti-FGM/C programs. Areas of concern are the role confusion with following-up on policing, perceived outsider interference and the intended prolonging of the transition phase into womanhood not being explicated and embedded with ARP. Aspects to enhance to lever change more effectively are education and school curriculum development, male involvement, new stylization of love relationships, monitoring and evaluation and inclusive aspects of religion.Conclusionchanging a culturally embedded practice such as FGM/C is inherently complex. Because the cultural meanings ascribed to this practice are also evolving, any intervention that is effective at present might become superfluous in the future. A holy grail approach to change simply does not exist. Change needs to be levered in a variety of ways while working on the alignment of all these efforts by regular and thorough quantitative and qualitative assessments of effects and side-effects and reflections on lessons learned.

Analysis of actual condition and issues of school police officer system operation

이 연구는 학교전담경찰관 제도의 운영 실태와 문제점을 밝히고 그 개선방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 학교전담경찰관 제도는 학교폭력예방 대책의 하나로 등장하였다. 현재 평균적으로 학교전담경찰관 1인이 10.5개교를 담당하고 있다. 학교폭력예방교육뿐만 아니라 학교폭력대책자치위원회 참석, 폭력써클 해체, 학생상담 및 소통, 학교폭력 신고 상담 및 접수 등의 역할을 담당하고 있다. 이들 중에서 일부는 청소년경찰학교를 담당하기도 한다. 그러나 언론에 보도된 몇몇 불미스러운 사건으로 인해 학교전담경찰관 제도의 존폐 문제가 거론되기도 했다. 여기서는 학교전담경찰관의 업무와 관련하여 위기학생 관련업무 추진의 한계, 성과중심 평가로 인한 역할 혼란, 인력 부족 및 업무 과다의 문제가 있음을 밝히고, 그 대안으로 학교전담경찰관의 선발방식 개선 및 역량 강화, 학교 특성별 구분 배치, 본연의 업무에 충실하도록 역할 규정, 순환과 재생산 체제의 구축이 필요함을 주장하였다.The purpose of this study is to clarify the problems of the school police officer system and to suggest the improvement plan. School police officers have emerged as one of the measures to prevent school violence. At present, one school police officer is responsible for 10.5 schools on average. In addition to school violence prevention education, they are also responsible for participating in school violence councils, dismantling violent circles, counseling and communicating with students, counseling and accepting school violence reports. Some of them are police officers in charge of juvenile police schools. However, some of the inconveniences reported in the press have raised the question of the existence of a school police officer system. In this paper, I clarify that there are limitations in the implementation of crisis-related student-related tasks, role confusion due to performance-based evaluation, lack of manpower, and overwork in relation to the work of school-dedicated police officers. In addition, the division by the school characteristics, the role regulation, and the construction of the circulation and reproduction system are required to be faithful to the police s original work.

Unspoken Barriers: An Autoethnographic Study of Frustration, Resistance and Resilience

Immigration, cultural capital, cultural hybridity are the contributing players within my autoethnographic research as a second-generation daughter of southern Italian migrants from the post war era. This autobiography of my lived experience identifies contributing influences of arrested development within my educational and life trajectory and explores theoretical frameworks as key comparative indicators for my thwarted stages of psychosocial development. My identity and role as a female is further explored within the construct of a determined and culturally hybrid adolescence in an effort to answer research questions of identity and role confusion. My narratives situate my life as a daughter, student, and future wife living an existence of cultural hegemony acknowledging the non-existence of a bicultural relationship between my family and the Australian way.

The Strange Ones: Exploring A Young Adult’s Behavior as She Goes Through Rejection and Acceptance of Her Self-Identity

This creative work is about a young adult who is excited to explore her identity of someone who has a magical ability. It explores the issue of identities in young adults and its correlation to rebellion in the form of running away, which is common in Indonesia. It aims to bring the readers alongside the main character on her journey of exploring her identity, as well as dealing with her parents’ rejection of the identity that she is most comfortable in. To further understand how she deals with her parents’ pressure to take an identity she does not like, Erik Erikson’s fifth psychosocial stage—Identity vs. Role confusion is used as the first theory of this work. The second theory, James Marcia’s identity status, is used to understand how the main character explores her identity in different statuses. The genre of this creative work is low fantasy, which is a subgenre of fantasy that uses minimal magical elements and is set in the real world.

The Benefits and Challenges of Special Education Positions in Rural Settings: Listening to the Teachers

Special education teachers, through a national survey conducted in 55 rural districts, provided information on the positive and negative aspects of teaching in rural schools. The 203 special educators were asked what they liked best about their position and what they found challenging. Some of the themes identified in the analysis centered on positive features of working in rural areas. Characteristics of the rural community fostered family-like relationships with others in their school and in-depth relationships with parents and students. Half of the teachers also reported they shared the responsibility or took a team approach to delivering special education services, a factor related to teacher satisfaction. The majority of teachers were satisfied with the instructional aspects of their position but dissatisfied with non-instructional role responsibilities. Challenges of the position also included role confusion and a lack of resources. Related implications for rural administrators interested in the satisfaction of special education teachers are provided.

Serving a community sentence with a mental health treatment requirement: Offenders' perspectives.

Safe alternatives to custody for offenders with mental disorder are vital, not least as self-harm, and violence rates are rising among them in prisons. In England and Wales, the Criminal Justice Act 2003 allows a mental health treatment requirement (MHTR) to supplement a community or suspended prison sentence, but this combination is poorly understood and rarely sought. To explore offenders' perspectives on the MHTR. We interviewed all 25 consenting offenders under an MHTR in two probation areas. Verbatim transcripts of their audio-taped narratives were analysed using grounded theory methods. Their core concern was "instability," characterised by many health and social difficulties and resolved by achieving stability, which included not reoffending as well as becoming healthy, substance free, and "having a life." Most considered that the MHTR helped their motivation and service provision, but some cited poor supervisor accessibility, supervisor role confusion, and sense of stigma under the order as stressful and threatening good outcomes. This first account of offenders' perspectives on the MHTR suggests a model in which, under it, offenders see themselves making progress as courts require. They understand the risk of return to court and imprisonment if in breach. This model of understanding how MHTRs work could provide for professional guidance and evaluation of their effectiveness.

Developing an Intervention to Reduce Harm in Hospitalized Patients: Patients and Families in Research.

Patient safety-focused research may be strengthened by the inclusion of patients and family members in research design; yet, published methodologies for doing so are scarce. This study engaged patients and families in research design of an intervention to increase patient/family engagement, with reduction of harm in hospitalized patients. The study design team convened a Patient Safety Advisory Panel to explore potential testable interventions to increase patient/family engagement with safety. They explored the preferred intervention, Speak Up-My Advocate for Patient Safety (MAPS), through multistakeholder focus groups. Participants emphasized the importance of including patient/family when designing interventions. Regarding the Speak Up-MAPS intervention, perceptions from stakeholders were mixed, including the value and potential complexity, role confusion, and cost of the proposed advocate role. Intentional inclusion of the patient/family in research is important and practical. Both strengths and challenges of the proposed intervention were identified, indicating the need for further study.

Mother-child role confusion, child adjustment problems, and the moderating roles of child temperament and sex.

Role confusion is a deviation in the parent-child relationship such that a parent looks to a child to meet the parent's emotional needs and abdicates, in part, the parental role in exchange for care, intimacy, or peer support from the child. In addition, a child may initiate role-confused behavior in order to gain closeness to a parent who is otherwise preoccupied by his or her own needs. The current study examined associations between mother-child role confusion at age 5 (we coded role confusion from filmed free-play mother-child interactions) and teacher reports of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and peer problems, at Grade 1. The sample (N = 557) is from a longitudinal study of families in rural communities, the Family Life Project. Mother-child role confusion predicted internalizing symptoms and peer problems (but not externalizing symptoms) above and beyond other dimensions of maternal parenting (sensitivity and harsh intrusiveness), demographic factors, and prior levels of outcome variables. However, some effect sizes were small, making replication desirable. Temperament and child sex were important moderators: girls with difficult temperaments and boys with easy temperaments were more vulnerable to internalizing symptoms (but not externalizing symptoms or peer problems) in the context of role confusion. We discuss the singular importance of role confusion, a construct that has been largely unrecognized by developmental psychologists until recently, for behavioral outcomes of children as they transition into middle childhood. (PsycINFO Database Record

Psychoanalytic psychotherapy in times of social crisis: The impact on therapeutic relationship

Discussion on defining therapy factors develops along two lines: one focusing on the interpretation and another focusing on the relationship. Changes in the socio-economic circumstances, cultural particularities, dismissal of institutions, constant negation, lack of boundaries, confusion of roles, various family secrets revealed due to "collapses," major conflicts, violence and aggression filling the individual as part of both the internal and the external reality - all are known risk factors causing the individual to experience trauma either due the nature of the received stimuli/threats or due to the loss of the enabling/supportive environment. Also, this situation affects the analyst's psychic structure as well. The analyst will have to strike a balance between their own internal objects, which under the circumstances activate the analyst's own suppressed conflicts, and the multiple intense projections of the analysand. First of all, the internal struggles taking place in the analyst's psychism regarding their own griefs, frustrations, and conflicts concerning their adjustment to the current reality, as well as individual griefs relating to their narcissistic doubts and the projections of omnipotence they receive. The question is whether the analyst will go through a destabilization process, being overwhelmed by psychic stimuli in multiple levels, or react with "manic defences" resulting, perhaps, in the prevalence of anti-psychoanalytic dynamics on the transference - countertransference axis. A second line of thought involves the internal struggles taking place in the psychic structure of the analysand, and often the "meeting" of the latter with the analyst through the "parallel process." Finally, we think about the multiple - due to psychic tensions - instances of enacting (or acting out) and the setting being put to the test in terms of frequency, fees, difficulty of symbolic processing, and aggressiveness towards the interpretations and demands of the analyst as object introjected to the superego and requiring "compliance" to certain standards, the setting principles. We refer to the internal processes resulting from conflicts in the therapists' psychic structure as regards their own internal objects, life experiences, frustrations in relation to the parent/authority, adolescent conflicts with the system, political views, life philosophy, and sense of fairness. Issues are more complex in the therapy of children and adolescents. Their mental condition is affected by that of their parents. When it is hard for the therapist to become an object of identification and idealization, since all institutions around them have been undermined, confirming the adolescent's guilt-ridden fantasy aggression? How, then, will the therapeutic process move forward when models crumble; when parents are being proved weak and unable to receive the aggressiveness of the independence-gaining process; and when reverie fantasies cease to exist? Today, more and more often we see adolescents who cannot develop because they are involved in their own parents' unprocessed situations. Despite the aforementioned difficulties, the therapy space as a setting with boundaries and empathetic functions could function as a "womb" that will give birth to new mental life. And this life will bloom as long as therapists preserve intact within them their values and principles - and their ability for reverie!

Self-Management Open Online Trials in Health (SMOOTH): Methods and public involvement survey of corresponding authors of existing online trials

Background: The Self-Management Open Online Trials in Health (SMOOTH) survey reports methods as well as researcher preferences in online trials and explores to what extent public and participant involvement in online trials occurs. This survey queried researchers’ experience in online trials and their perceived value in terms of public and patient research involvement. The preparation, consideration and publication of research involvement require the use of resources by the authors. The survey explores whether authors consider resources to be sufficient or useful to improve online trials about self-management of health.Objective: To identify the present state of public research involvement in online trials concerning health self-management and to explore the needs of researchers when contemplating the building and writing up an online trials protocol.Methods: The ORCID database of online trials was used to survey corresponding authors concerning trial methods and preferences including the frequency, format and quality of citizen involvement in online trials about health self-management.Results: Blended trials were reported as online trials. Remote recruitment and communications were less common than local recruitment even when participants signed up online. Research volunteers helped more with recruitment and as advisors than with trial design, analysis, or outcome setting. Forty-seven percent of corresponding authors report that an online trial was the best way of answering their research question.Conclusions: Detailed reporting of online methods and volunteer researcher involvement was hindered by role confusion between research volunteers and trial participants. Respondents were responsive to the development of protocol and reporting suggestions, but were not in favor of adopting complex new frameworks that require extensive time, training, space and funding.

Psychiatric evidence in Diminished Responsibility

Diminished Responsibility is a statutory partial defence to the charge of murder in the Homicide Act 1957 which has been amended by the Coroners and Justice Act 2009. In R v Brennan, the Court of Appeal described the new criteria as relating ‘entirely to psychiatric matters’. This article will explore to what extent such a conclusion is warranted. The statutory wording of the 2009 Act will be analysed and the role of expert psychiatric evidence will be considered. It will conclude that the new Diminished Responsibility is not a purely psychiatric matter. This is because of the moral dimensions inherent in the defence, the ambiguity in the statutory wording and the fundamental problems of psychiatry usurping the function of the jury in relation to the ultimate issue. This results in inconsistent application and role confusion in relation to the defence and asks psychiatric evidence questions it cannot answer.

Student Perspectives of Academic Advisors and Leader Development at the Graduate Level

Graduate-level academic advisors play an important role in setting the conditions for effective student learning. The advisor role may include more than administrative characteristics. The advisor role may include leader development features setting the conditions for lifelong learning affecting student leadership, scholarship, and practice. The purpose of this study was to obtain student descriptions of the graduate-level academic advisors at the United States Army Command and General Staff College (CGSC) known as Staff Group Advisors (SGAs) who combine academic advisement with leader development coaching. The methodology for this research was an institutional microethnography. Data collection through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews provided themes describing the SGA role. Analyses of the findings suggested that the SGA role at CGSC possessed a dichotomous definition among students contributing to role confusion. The two definitions were leader developer/educator, which reflects the mission of the institution, and homeroom teacher/administrator, which does not. This research possesses the potential to contribute to the growing body of knowledge regarding graduate-level academic advising and leader development in an academic setting, because it emphasizes tailored advisor approaches to the unique needs of the student.

Patients’ perspectives on engaging in their healthcare while hospitalised

To examine patients' experiences and preferences for engaging in their healthcare while hospitalised. Promoting patient engagement or involvement in healthcare has become an important component of contemporary, consumer-oriented approaches to quality care. Previous research on patient engagement highlights that preferences for engagement are not assessed while hospitalised, leading to patient role confusion and frustration. Semistructured interviews were conducted with patients from January-March 2017 to examine their experiences and preferences for engaging in their care while hospitalised on medical-surgical units in the United States. Inductive thematic analysis was used to uncover the themes from the interview transcriptions. The reporting of research findings followed the COREQ checklist. Seventeen patients, eight male and nine female, aged between 19-83years old were interviewed. Patients had a difficult time articulating how they participated in their care while hospitalised, with the majority stating there were few decisions to be made. Many patients felt that decisions were made prior to or during hospitalisation for them. Patients described their engagement through the following themes: sharing the subjective, involvement of family, information-gathering, constraints, "Ilet them take care of me," and variability. Engagement is a dual responsibility of both nurses and patients. Patients' experiences highlight that engagement preferences and experiences are not universal between patients, speaking to the importance of assessing patient preferences for engagement in health care upon hospital admission. The articulation of what patients actually experience in the hospital setting contributes to improve nursing practice by offering insight into what is important to the patient and how best to engage with them in their care. The constraints that patients reported facing related to their healthcare engagement should be used to inform the delivery of future engagement interventions in the acute care setting.

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF ANNA FITZGERALD IN MY SISTER’S KEEPER NOVEL BY JODI PICOULT

Commonly, parents decide to have children to complete their live as part of their family. Then, how about the parents who have another reason with the presence of their children? It can make the children to have different thinking with other and it can make the children wonder about their true status or identity in family. It is because parents and their children do not have the similar purpose in their family. This situation happened in My Sister’s Keeper novel. The researcher choose to analyse Anna Fitzgerald in the novel because the life of family in My Sister’s Keeper novel was not like other family in general. The researcher analysed Anna Fitzgerald’s character through two theories to find out her identity. Erikson’s psychosocial development in the fifth stage was used to analyse of how Anna Fitzgerald got through the development as thirteen years old children in defining her own identity, successfully or not. It was because this stage discusses about the process of finding the true identity. Meanwhile, the researcher used Bowlby’s attachment theory to analyse of Anna’s relationship with her mother. Also, in this theory, the researcher only used one characteristic (proximity maintenance) to know about factor that influence of Anna’s position in Erikson’s fifth stage. This research was aimed to find out about the identity in fifth stage of psychosocial development of a child who lived uncommon situation and the factor that influenced her identity. The result of this research showed that Anna psychosocially experienced role confusion because she failed to know about her true identity. This situation influenced Anna’s relationship with her mother. As a result, she did not have fidelity as her basic virtue. Anna did not get the sense of safety and comfort from her relationship with Sara, as mother-daughter relationship . Key words: Psychosocial Development, Attachment Theory

Examining Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem in Healthcare Students Participating in an Interprofessional Critical Care Simulation

BACKGROUND: Interprofessional education (IPE) is becoming increasingly encouraged in healthcare. However, a lack of consensus exists in how IPE should be provided. The research at hand examines changes in self-efficacy and self-esteem in 132 nursing, dietetic, physician assistant, and social work students when participating in a critical care simulation. The simulation focused on a septic patient requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation.METHOD: This quantitative, repeated measures and correlational study utilized the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale to examine a possible relationship between self-efficacy and self-esteem. In addition, exploration of changes in self-efficacy and self-esteem after participating in the cardiopulmonary simulation was conducted.RESULTS: There was a statistically significant medium, positive correlational relationship between self-efficacy and self-esteem in healthcare students participating in a cardiopulmonary resuscitation simulation (p<0.001). Healthcare students did not experience statistically significant gains in self-efficacy and self-esteem (p>0.05). During debriefing, students expressed experiencing role confusion when working with each other.CONCLUSION: More IPE experiences, including in mock code simulations, is necessary to enhance communication, collaboration, and prevent role confusion.HIGHLIGHTS:More interprofessional education is necessary to prevent role confusionSelf-efficacy and self-esteem have a positive correlation in IPE critical care simulationHealthcare students did not have significant gains in self-efficacy and self-esteem

Alcohol policies in Malawi: inclusion of WHO \u201cbest buy\u201d interventions and use of multi-sectoral action

BackgroundHarmful use of alcohol is one of the most common risk factors for Non-Communicable Diseases and other health conditions such as injuries. World Health Organization has identified highly cost-effective interventions for reduction of alcohol consumption at population level, known as “best buy” interventions, which include tax increases, bans on alcohol advertising and restricted access to retailed alcohol. This paper describes the extent of inclusion of alcohol related “best buy” interventions in national policies and also describes the application of multi-sectoral action in the development of alcohol policies in Malawi.MethodsThe study was part of a multi-country research project on Analysis of Non-Communicable Disease Preventive Policies in Africa, which applied a qualitative case study design. Data were collected from thirty-two key informants through interviews. A review of twelve national policy documents that relate to control of harmful use of alcohol was also conducted. Transcripts were coded according to a predefined protocol followed by thematic content analysis.ResultsOnly three of the twelve national policy documents related to alcohol included at least one “best buy” intervention. Multi-Sectoral Action was only evident in the development process of the latest alcohol policy document, the National Alcohol Policy. Facilitators for multi-sectoral action for alcohol policy formulation included: structured leadership and collaboration, shared concern over the burden of harmful use of alcohol, advocacy efforts by local non-governmental organisations and availability of some dedicated funding. Perceived barriers included financial constraints, high personnel turnover in different government departments, role confusion between sectors and some interference from the alcohol industry.ConclusionsMalawi’s national legislations and policies have inadequate inclusion of the “best buy” interventions for control of harmful use of alcohol. Effective development and implementation of alcohol policies require structured organisation and collaboration of multi-sectoral actors. Sustainable financing mechanisms for the policy development and implementation processes should be considered; and the influence of the alcohol industry should be mitigated.