Conformity Orientation Research Articles

From Job Resources to Idea Implementation: A Moderated Sequential Mediation Model

Considering the motivational path of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, this study investigates a multistep process by which contextual job resources might have an indirect effect on idea implementation. Among 187 shop floor employees of a manufacturing company, we found support for a model whereby job control has an indirect effect, over a 5-month time frame, on idea implementation through employee work engagement and personal initiative. In addition, we found that the indirect effect of job control on idea implementation is stronger when employees have a higher conformity orientation. Support was not found for the hypothesized indirect effect of coworker social support on idea implementation. Our findings support the usefulness of the JD-R theory for understanding how increased idea implementation occurs at work, especially when the additional factors of personal initiative and employee conformity orientation are integrated into the model.

Communicative predictors of social network resilience skills during the transition to college

Persisting in college requires resilience for emerging adults, who must adapt to a new culture with different norms. Many also struggle with financial pressure, mental health issues, and interpersonal stressors. This longitudinal study proposes and tests a model of the communication factors that predict social network resilience skills during the transition to college. A sample of 436 first-year college students in the Mountain West region of the United States reported their family communication patterns, perceived friend and family support, communication confidence, and social network resilience skills (SNRS) at two points in time. Model testing revealed that friend support, family support, and communication confidence mediate the positive effect of conversation orientation on SNRS. Friend support mediates the positive effect of conformity orientation on SNRS. Theoretical implications for the Communication Theory of Resilience and Family Communication Patterns Theory are discussed.

Effect of Self Efficacy, Conformity, and a Goal Orientation Against Cheating Behavior (Cheating) On Students at the State University of Jakarta

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence between Self Efficacy, Conformity, and Goal Orientation on the Cheating Behavior of students at the State University of Jakarta. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 26, the data obtained by using the questionnaire enclosed were deployed at the Jakarta State University. The results obtained by the data are b based on the results of the calculation of multiple regression research obtained Ŷ = 3.802 + 0.276X1 + (- 0.160) X 2 + 0.972X3. Coefficient X1 worth positive means there is influence between Self Efficacy with Behavioral Cheating which indicates that further increases Self Efficacy then further increased to Behavior Cheating. The coefficient of X2 is worth negative means not there is influence between conformity with the behavior of Cheating that indicates that not there is influence between conformity with the behavior of Cheating. While the variable Goal Orientation worth positive means there is influence positively between Goal Orientation to Conduct Cheating which indicates that further increases Goal Orientation then further increased to Behavior Cheating. By doing the research is expected to get the result can be a picture that many who should start to fix either from within themselves their own or other people and the environment around that do not happen again acts of fraud in the process of evaluation that is done by holding the exam.

The Mediating Role of Helicopter Parenting in the Relationship between Family Communication Patterns and Resilience in First-semester College Students

ABSTRACT Resilience is important for students transitioning to college given vast attrition rates due to the stress of change and new challenges. This study applied family communication patterns theory (FCP) to explore the relationships among family environment, helicopter parenting, and student resilience. Two mediation models were tested with survey data from 2,253 people in their first semester of college in the United States. Both conversation and conformity orientations were positively associated with perceived helicopter parenting behaviors. However, only conversation orientation was positively associated with resilience. Helicopter parenting mediated the relationship between FCP and resilience. Theoretical and translational implications for scholars and parents are discussed.

Young Adults’ Shared Family Identity with Parents as a Function of Family Communication Patterns

This study examined young adults’ shared family identity (SFI) with parents as correlates of family communication patterns (i.e., conversation and conformity orientations). Participants included 235 young adults from a private university in the southwest. Results indicated that conversation orientation is positively associated with SFI with both mother and father. One dimension of conformity orientation, respect for parental authority, was inversely associated with SFI with mother and father, whereas two other dimensions, parental control and pressure to adopt parental values, were inversely associated only with SFI with mother. Regression analyses revealed that conversation orientation was a significant predictor of SFI with both parents, although conformity orientation moderated this association for SFI with mother.

Religious Conversations and Relational Uncertainty in Romantic Relationships as Mediators of Family Communication Patterns and Young Adults’ Mental Well-being

This study examined the degree to which religious conversations and relational uncertainty with a romantic partner mediate the associations between family communication patterns (FCPs) (i.e., conversation and conformity orientations) and young adults’ mental well-being. Participants included 204 young adults currently involved in a romantic relationship. Results indicated that both orientations predict the frequency with which partners engage in conversations about religion and spirituality with romantic partners. Family conformity orientation had a direct effect on mental well-being, whereas conversation orientation had indirect effects on young adults’ mental well-being through religious conversations and relational uncertainty. Theoretically, this study extends FCP theory by demonstrating that relational schemas formed in individuals’ families-of-origin may enhance (or inhibit) their mental well-being via conversational and relational experiences with a romantic partner.

Conceptualizing and Validating Organizational Communication Patterns and Their Associations with Employee Outcomes

Using Ritchie and Fitzpatrick’s conceptualization of family communication patterns, we developed a scale of communication patterns within an organizational context. Three studies (total N = 877) were conducted to develop the new measurement and demonstrate its psychometric properties. The item generation (Study 1) and the exploratory factor analysis (Study 2) revealed that conformity had both positive and negative dimensions. The confirmatory factor analysis (Study 3) demonstrated the strength of the factor structure for the two dimensions of conformity and the conversation orientation. Results indicated that positive conformity and conversation orientations were positively related to constructive employee outcomes (e.g., organizational commitment and employee engagement) and negatively related to detrimental employee outcomes (e.g., turnover intentions and burnout). The negative conformity orientation demonstrated the opposite relationship to employee outcomes. Finally, regression analyses indicated that interaction effects occurred between the conformity dimensions and the conversation orientation for several employee outcomes.

Family Communicative Environment’s Effects on Young Adults’ Social Norms about Limiting Alcohol: Examining the Mediating Effects of Implicit Privacy Rules

ABSTRACT Alcohol usage among young adults remains a prominent public health concern. Communicating with family members about alcohol can positively influence young adults’ perceptions of social norms, yet the stigmatized nature of alcohol-related conversations in the family create a barrier to occurrence of these conversations. This study examines how young adults’ familial communication patterns relate to their descriptive and injunctive social norms about limiting alcohol, using Communication Privacy Management Theory as the theoretical framework. Specifically, this study seeks to understand how conversation orientation, conformity orientation, warm conformity orientation, and cold conformity orientation associates with two sets of social norms (descriptive and injunctive), and to investigate how implicit privacy rules mediates each of these relationships. The current study examines 444 college students’ responses to several quantitative measures. Implicit privacy rules did fully mediate the relationships between conversation orientation and injunctive social norms about limiting alcohol as well as warm conformity orientation and injunctive social norms about limiting alcohol.

Green hydrophobization of fume silica: Tailoring of heterogeneous basic catalyst for biodiesel production

In the present work, green synthesis of some basic phase transfer nanocatalysts (PTC) with tuneable and quantifiable hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties was achieved. Hydrophobic derivatization of fumed silica (FS) carried out by chemical covalent attachment of commercially available stearic acid (SA) into the FS matrix, followed by microwave assisted loading of calcium oxide (CaO) as the basic active sites. Mechanogriding was performed for the hydrophobic derivatization of FS. As-prepared modified supports and catalysts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and static water contact angle (WCA) measurement. Surface coverage ratio (Θ), modification efficiency and ratio of hydrophobic surface area to hydrophilic surface area (HPho/HPhi) were also calculated. Microwave assisted loading preceded a highly uniform dispersion of CaO on the surface of fumed silica. The basic catalytic properties of the functional non-porous nanocomposites were evaluated in a model transesterification -type (biodiesel) reaction. In the presence of the modified support, a more favorable conformation orientation of the immiscible reactants (methanol-oil) in the presence of active sites (CaO), was provided, leading to an interfacial activation mechanism. The latter led to a significant increase in both active site stability and mass transfer efficiency between two immiscible reagents. Quantitative conversion of the reactants to biodiesel (96% versus 50% for the unmodified one) was achieved at 62 °C, 6:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 2 wt% of CaO and 4 h of reaction time.

The Mediating Role of Family and Cultural Food Beliefs on the Relationship between Family Communication Patterns and Diet and Health Issues across Racial/Ethnic Groups

ABSTRACT Consumption of red meat has been linked to a variety of health issues, yet Americans are resistant to reducing their meat consumption. Family communication environments shape beliefs about food and meat consumption, and therefore are locations for potential interventions to change the way people think about food. Families are embedded in cultures, and both family and cultural norms shape beliefs about what people should eat. This study (N = 773) is interested in understanding how family communication is associated with food beliefs, meat consumption, and health issues across three racial/ethnic groups: Black/African American (n = 256), Hispanic (n = 260), non-Hispanic White (n = 257). Structural equation modeling results showed that conversation orientation was consistently associated with stronger endorsement of family cultural food beliefs across race/ethnicity groups. Family food beliefs were associated with either more health issues or more meat consumption depending on race/ethnicity and mediated the association between conversation orientation and health issues/meat consumption. Conversation orientation moderated the association between conformity orientation and food beliefs for Hispanic and non-Hispanic White participants. Implications for family communication patterns theory and health scholars are discussed along with recommendations for culturally tailored family-focused health interventions.

Conformation in Ultrathin Polymer Brush Coatings Resolved by Infrared Nanoscopy.

Polymer brush coatings are effective in preventing blood coagulation or bacterial attachment, but their chain conformation, while vital for this effect, was never characterized in high spatial resolution. Here, we report mid-infrared spectroscopic nanoscopy studies of few-nanometer-thin poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) films which reveal marked spectral variations along the surface at a length scale smaller than 100 nm and originating only from the physical conformation of the chains. The conformation and average orientation of the polymer chains in the layer is extracted from the spectra with the aid of theoretic modeling, confirming the spontaneous formation of a crystalline phase. This result suggests spectroscopic nanoscopy as a powerful new tool to characterize polymer brush coatings.

Structural motifs of oxacalix[4]arene for molecular recognition of nitroaromatic explosives: Experimental and computational investigations of host-guest complexes

Two new structural motifs based on oxacalix[4]arene appended N-(3-bromopropyl) phthalimide moieties, FON3PPh and PON3PPh was prepared, and its fluorogenic behaviors towards nitroaromatic explosives were investigated. The sensors exhibit preferential binding towards 4-nitro toluene (4-NT) and 2,6-dinitro toluene (2,6-DNT) based on the conformational orientation of the oxacalix[4]arene-host cavity. Spectrofluorimetric and 1H NMR titration studies support drastic changes inferred due to the complexation of the nitroaromatic explosives with FON3PPh and PON3PPh. The linear concentration range of FON3PPh for 4-NT is 5 μM to 4.5 mM with the detection limit of 2.4 μM and for PON3PPh, the linear concentration range 2,6-DNT is 0.5 μM to 5 mM with the detection limit of 0.1 μM. The binding ability of FON3PPh and PON3PPh for 4-NT and 2,6-DNT was determined as 1.15 × 104 M−1 and 3.02 × 104 M−1, respectively. Further, Density Functional Theory (DFT) based conformational modeling suggested that the spatial orientation of the guests in conformationally different hosts (PON3PPh and FON3PPh) lead to a varied selectivity pattern. The calculations also reveal that the complexation is thermodynamically favorable and selective. This work provides methodology to understand selective recognition of explosives based on structurally altered motifs of supramolecular architectures. The cytotoxic activity of FON3PPh and PON3PPh was also evaluated against human cancer cell lines in vitro.

Applying Family Communication Patterns to Patient-provider Communication: Examining Perceptions of Patient Involvement, Satisfaction, and Medical Adherence

This study investigates patient perceptions of patient-provider communication and family communication patterns theory (FCPT). Using FCPT, the study predicts that family communicative environment relates to patient perceptions of patient involvement in care as well as patient satisfaction and medical adherence. Further, this study tests new measures of conformity orientation (warm and cold conformity) to investigate the multi-faceted nature of the variable. The results show significant relationships between FCPT and patient perceptions and outcomes. Specifically, warm conformity was the strongest and most reliable predictor of patient perceptions and outcomes across the three FCPT variables tested in the model. Additionally, results show differences between how warm and cold conformity predict patient perception and outcome variables. Finally, tests of the interaction between conversation orientation and both types of conformity indicate relationships between interaction variables and patient involvement in care, but not satisfaction or adherence. Practical implications and future research ideas are also discussed.

A surface functionalized with per-(6-amino-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin for potential organic pollutant removal from water

In this work, we present a solid silicon substrate functionalized with modified β-cyclodextrin monolayers as an optimal surface for organic contaminant uptake. The inclusion and capture of three potential pollutants, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid and phenylethylamine, were studied. 1H-NMR and ROESY studies revealed the complete inclusion and details of the conformational orientation of the three guests in the per-(6-amino-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin matrix, forming three new inclusion complexes that have not yet been reported. Capture assays for the guests were carried out by immersing the substrates in an aqueous pollutant solution and by measuring the UV–vis spectra. This substrate showed a high sorption capacity at equilibrium, between 2.5 × 10−5 and 6.0 × 10−5 mmol/substrate, for the studied pollutants. In addition, this surface can be reused four times with an efficiency equal to the initial use. Therefore, it could be a versatile platform that could be applied for the capture of other organic pollutants from water.

Relationship Between Parental Communication Patterns and Self-Efficacy in Adolescents with Parental Substance Abuse.

Since an individual's personality and behavior are mainly shaped in the family environment, parental substance abuse and its consequences can lead to confusion and instability in the family environment and reduce child-parent relationship. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between different aspects of parental communication patterns and self-efficacy in adolescents with parental substance abuse. In this descriptive correlational study, a total of 100 adolescents with parental substance abuse were selected via random sampling. The data collection tools included the parental communication patterns scale and self-efficacy questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 20, using linear regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient test. The mean age of the adolescents was 14.5±2.5 years. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that the adolescents' self-efficacy score was directly correlated with the score of conversation orientation dimension (a parental communication pattern) and inversely correlated with the dimension of conformity orientation (P<0.001). Development of educational programs to promote communication skills, positive family interactions, decision-making, and flexibility can change the unhealthy family environment into a healthy and productive one, which promotes self-efficacy beliefs in children.

Parent–Child Relationship Satisfaction: The Influence of Family Communication Orientations and Relational Maintenance Behaviors

This study examined emerging adults’ satisfaction with parent–child relationships as a function of family communication orientations and relational maintenance behaviors. Two hundred and eleven emerging adults completed measures assessing family communication orientations (conversation and conformity), relational maintenance behaviors (shared tasks, shared networks, positivity, openness, and assurances), and satisfaction with parent–child relationships. Results demonstrated that family conversation orientation and relational maintenance behaviors were positively associated with relationship satisfaction; family conformity orientation was not related to relationship satisfaction. Furthermore, findings indicated support for a model in which positivity and openness mediated the association between family conversation orientation and children’s satisfaction with parent–child relationships.

The influence of family relationship schemas, parental support, and parental verbal aggression on mental well-being

ABSTRACT This study examined children’s mental well-being in adulthood as a function of family relationship schemas, parental support, and parental verbal aggression. Three-hundred and fifteen college students completed measures assessing family conversation and conformity orientations; parental support and verbal aggression; and mental well-being. Results demonstrated that family conversation orientation and parental support were positively associated with mental well-being. Conversely, family conformity orientation and parental verbal aggression were negatively related to mental well-being. Furthermore, findings indicated partial support for a statistical model in which parental support and parental verbal aggression mediated the association between family relationship schemas and mental well-being.

The Influence of Family Communication Patterns on the Processing of Messages to Increase Family Health History Seeking Intentions

ABSTRACT The current study extends family communication patterns (FCP) research to assess how family communication schemata (conversation and conformity orientation dimensions) influence systematic processing of health appeals intended to persuade individuals to seek family health history information, emphasizing an updated conceptualization of family conformity (i.e., the expanded conformity orientation scale). Our results suggest that conversation orientation and the conformity dimension of parental control are the primary drivers of systematic processing of family health history messages. Systematic processing, in turn, was significantly associated with more positive attitudes and greater intentions to seek health information from family members. Our results suggest family communication patterns may impact individual engagement with family health history campaign messages, thus campaign designers may want to consider how best to tailor messages to match family communication characteristics.

Family Communication Patterns, Received Social Support, and Perceived Quality of Care in the Family Caregiving Context

Family caregivers need greater support to provide optimal assistance to their care recipients. Using family communication patterns theory (FCPT), this study examined conversation and conformity orientation, received social support by caregivers from family members, and perceived quality of care (i.e., caregiving mastery). An online survey of 191 adults caring for or who had previously cared for family members with a variety of health conditions revealed that conversation orientation is positively related to received social support, which is positively associated with quality of care. Received social support mediated the relationship between family conversation orientation and quality of care, though indirect effects for conformity orientation were not observed.

The Intergenerational Transmission of Family Communication Patterns: (In)consistencies in Conversation and Conformity Orientations across Two Generations of Family

ABSTRACTFor 50 years, researchers have used family communication patterns theory (FCPT) to examine the associations among conversation and conformity orientations and a variety of family member outcomes. Despite the explanatory breadth of this general theory, however, researchers have yet to empirically test whether or not family communication patterns (FCPs) are transmitted from one generation to the next. In this study, we sought to advance FCPT by testing the intergenerational transmission of FCPs across two generations of family. Participants included 188 grandparent-parent-grandchild triads from the southern region of the United States. Results indicated that grandparent conversation and conformity orientations predict both parent and grandchild conversation and conformity orientations. Consistent with the intergenerational transmission of FCPs, indirect effects of grandparent FCPs emerged for the grandchild’s FCPs through the parent’s FCPs.