Abstract Based on observations of channel changes and bar sedimentation in small-scale hydraulic models, it is argued that confluence zones play the key role in sedimentation patterns and processes in gravel-bed braided streams. The control is exerted because confluences are nodes in the channel network and therefore sedimentation and channel pattern downstream of a confluence are mediated by the response of the confluence to changes in discharge, bedload, and planform of the upstream confluent channels. Examples of confluence kinetics and sedimentation occurring over time-scales equivalent to days or weeks of competent flows in the prototype are described for the first time. Renewed braiding is directly associated with flow expansion downstream of confluences and triggered by migration of unit bars or bedload sheets through the confluence. Lateral translation of confluences may lead to the accretion of point bar complexes, while downstream translation often causes erosion or complete removal of existing bars. The effects of a change in position or orientation of one of the upstream channels are similar to those of confluence translation. In addition to the changes caused by progressive shifting of the confluence zone, a second group of adjustments involving changes in the discharge or bedload transport rate in the confluent channels is also common. These include: rotation of the scour axis redirecting flow and sediment movement downstream of the confluence and leading to downstream channel avulsion in some cases; a change in the total discharge of the confluence causing expansion or contraction of the scour zone; and the virtual abandonment of one of the confluent channels resulting in obliteration of the scour hole. Observing a confluence for several hours in the model leaves the visual impression of sediment being distributed downstream of the confluence rather like water spurting from a hose as it plays about. This descriptive synthesis of confluence kinetics provides the basis for analysis and quantitative modelling of confluence dynamics, which requires the acquisition of field data, as well as further laboratory experiments.