Conflict Resolution Procedures Research Articles

Deriving benefits from conflict resolution: A macrojustice assessment

Effective conflict resolution procedures serve to minimize dysfunctional effects of conflict and maximize functional effects. In the literature on conflict resolution procedures, the effectiveness of procedures has been evaluated primarily from the perspective of the individual. This article suggests that a system-level analysis of the pattern of outcomes resulting from different conflict resolution procedures is a necessary component in formulating a comprehensive framework for the design and evaluation of conflict resolution systems in organizations. The analytic questions addressed by this study concern associations between resolution procedures and outcome patterns in a system created specifically for conflict resolution within organizations: the grievance system. The pattern of outcomes was found to vary with the conflict resolution procedure. It is suggested that this has important implications for effective conflict resolution systems.

Nonlinear and Nonmonotonic Effects of Outcome on Procedural and Distributive Fairness Judgments1

It has generally been assumed that increases in the concrete outcomes of a procedure will result in judgments of greater procedural and distributive fairness, but research on this topic has been inconsistent. Using a classic procedural justice paradigm (Walker, LaTour, Lind, &. Thibaut, 1974), the experiment tested the effects of four levels of outcome. Forty‐eight male and female undergraduates were led to believe that their team had been wrongfully charged with cheating in a business simulation game. An adversary adjudication was held, purportedly to resolve the charge. The outcome of the adjudication was confiscation of all, two thirds, one third, or none of the subject's monetary winnings from the game. Both procedural and distributive fairness measures showed dear nonlinear outcome effects. The relationship between outcomes and both fairness measures showed some evidence of being nonmonotonic as well: A two‐thirds loss resulted in less favorable reactions than did a total loss. Ratings on other scales suggest that the nonlinear effects are due to beliefs that the judge did not fully consider the evidence in the two‐thirds loss and one‐third loss conditions. The discussion focuses on the theoretical implications of the findings for procedural justice and social exchange processes and the practical implications for conflict resolution procedure.

Programming medical rosters in Prolog.

The Logic Programming language, Prolog, is used to schedule the medical duty roster for a French psychiatric hospital. Each of the seventeen doctors participating is asked to fill in a form indicating his preferences (prefers, can or cannot) for the slots (days and weekends) of a roster covering a period of three months. An algorithm has been designed which seems to produce an optimal solution, in the sense that as many participants as possible are satisfied. First of all, the program fills in the 'preferred' slots, then the 'possible' slots and finally the 'not-impossible' slots. A number of constraints are applied: two consecutive roster slots are not allowed and the number of allocations is limited for each person. If more than one person is a candidate for a given slot at a given preference level, then a probabilistic conflict resolution procedure is put into action. Prolog, which is modular and easily modifiable, seems, with its declarative interpretation and backtracking mechanism, to be well adapted to the solution of such problems.

Socio-Political Integration and Conflict Resolution in the Palestinian Camps in Lebanon

A pervasive problem in many developing and newly independent states is what Lawrence Rosen terms tension between revival of traditional legal cultures and promotion of national unity through generally applicable statutes without alienating those who recognize different, often incompatible, legal regimes. ' Elia Zureik noted that the crux of central dilemma facing Arab regimes is how to deal with multiple societal allegiances predicated in some instances, but not always, on primordial attachments, while at same time increasing scope of state legitimacy.2 These general problems of relation between law, state, and primary forms of identity and loyalty are equally relevant to PLO in pre-1982 Lebanon. This paper will explore a few selected facets of issue of incipient state formation and law in Palestinian community in Lebanon prior to 1982, when PLO exercised a considerable degree of authority in refugee camps and over daily lives of most Palestinians in country.3 The cases presented are intended to show interplay between conflict resolution forums, procedures, and outcomes once customary in rural

Macrophyte management: An integrated perspective

Abstract A concept of aquatic macrophyte management that integrates the positive and negative aspects of vegetation in lakes and rivers is discussed. This integrated approach involves three factors: macrophyte control, macrophyte enhancement, and identification and resolution of the conflicts created by multiple use of a waterbody. The primary decision in macrophyte management programmes must be whether to optimise for single‐purpose or for multipurpose use of the waterbody. Both technical (macrophyte control and enhancement) and social (conflict resolution) procedures are required to solve problems associated with the macrophyte status of multipurpose waterbodies.

The role of organizational procedures in the resolution of social conflict.

Employee-employer conflict can arise from the expression of social issues within an employment organization. Recently, public support for non-discrimination in employment has led to the existence of external forums--regulatory agencies and the courts--that allow appeals for complaints of discrimination by protected groups. This paper examines the role of organizational procedures for conflict resolution where individuals have the option of appealing to an external forum. Through the analysis of internal grievance procedures and external charges in three urban hospitals, the paper explores the origins and expressions of employee-employer conflict in the areas of discrimination, the impact of an internal system on the rate of external charges, and the general relationship between internal and external forums of conflict resolution.

Some Simple Rational Conflict Resolution Procedures for Incommensurable Values

Some Simple Rational Conflict Resolution Procedures for Incommensurable Values

Decision Control and Process Control Effects on Procedural Fairness Judgments1

Process control, the capacity to influence the content of a conflict resolution hearing, has been found repeatedly to affect disputants' judgments of the fairness of conflict resolution procedures, but never has there been an unambiguous test of the effect in nonbinding procedures. It was hypothesized that disputants experiencing nonbinding conflict resolution procedures, as well as those experiencing binding conflict resolution, would judge as more fair procedures high in disputant process control. One hundred nineteen undergraduate males and females were placed in apparent conflict with other suhjects. The procedure used to resolve the conflict was either high or low in disputant process control and was either binding or nonbinding. The outcome of the conflict resolution procedure was either favorable or unfavordblc to the subject. High disputant process control procedures were judged more fair than low disputant process control procedures regardless of whether the decision was binding, confirming the hypothesis. The results support new applications of procedural fairness theory and research and encourage testing of process control‐like variables in nonlegal settings.

The effects of control on perceived fairness of procedures and outcomes

On the basis of Thibaut and Walker's theory of procedural justice, it was predicted that subjects who experienced control through choosing a trial decision rule would be more satisfied with the outcome of a dispute and the conflict resolution procedure than would yoked subjects who were not given control. Two additional conditions were added to the design in order to investigate the extent to which control had an influence on trial evaluations independent of being allowed to discuss the rules and obtaining a preferred rule in the absence of actual choice. Regardless of role in the dispute (accuser, accused, or no knowledge) and the nature of the rule adopted, those subjects who exercised control through rule choice evaluated all aspects of the trial experience more positively than subjects who did not exercise control through rule choice. The results also revealed that discussion of the rules and obtaining the preferred rule without choice contributed positively to evaluations of the trial procedure and verdict.

A Theory of Procedure

The search for the most effective conflict resolution procedure requires identfication of the primary objective in resolving different kinds of disputes. This Article focuses on the kind of disputes considered in the legal system and draws on the results of the authors' empirical studies to develop a general theory ofprocedure for attaining the objectives of truth and ustice in situations of cognitive conflict, conjlict of interest, and in mixed disputes. In this Article, we propose a general theory of procedure for resolving conflicts, with special attention to disputes dealt with in the legal process. For a number of years we have applied the theories and methods of social psychology in our research to examine and compare the characteristics of various procedural systems incorporated in the legal process.' Until now we have published only the reports of particular projects, with occasional speculation about more general issues. But now we have developed the body of our research sufficiently to make a more comprehensive statement. In this Article we propose a general framework for analyzing and classifying all conflict resolution procedures, including, of course, all procedures employed in the legal proc-

Comparative Conflict Resolution Procedures in Taxation

Comparative Conflict Resolution Procedures in Taxation

Comparative Conflict Resolution Procedures in Taxation. By L. H. Wright [The University of Michigan Law School. 1968. xxv and 486 pp.

Comparative Conflict Resolution Procedures in Taxation. By L. H. Wright [The University of Michigan Law School. 1968. xxv and 486 pp.

Comparative Conflict Resolution Procedures in Taxation. An Analytic Comparative Study

Comparative Conflict Resolution Procedures in Taxation. An Analytic Comparative Study