Cyprus Problem Research Articles

Daughters of Cyprus: Women, Contemporary Romance Fiction, and 1974

The article considers twenty-first-century Anglophone romance representations of women set during the events of 1974 in Cyprus. It highlights the creative and political opportunities and ethical challenges of representing the Cyprus Problem in this genre. In representing a gap between the “desires of the feminine” and the motivating forces of ethno-nationalism, the novels remap women’s experience left out of the patriarchal assertions of war. While the novels reinscribe many of the discourses that normalise women’s absences from processes of official reconciliation, they might be seen as drawing popular attention to the issues at stake when considering women and war in Cyprus.

Parties and Change in the Post-Bailout Cyprus: The May 2016 Parliamentary Elections

The parliamentary elections of 2016, the first following Cyprus’ exit from the bailout programme, took place in a context of indifference on the part of the citizens. Characterised by a decline in bipartisanship, a rise in abstention and a more fragmented party system, the elections paved the way for the historical entry into parliament of the far right party, ELAM. This article sets these outcomes against the broader backdrop of the Great Recession while also paying attention to the reinvigoration of the cultural dimension of political conflict, with potentially significant constraints for future negotiations on the Cyprus problem.

The Historical Background of the Cyprus Problem – Just a Conflict of Ethnic Nationalism?

The Historical Background of the Cyprus Problem – Just a Conflict of Ethnic Nationalism?

The Cyprus Problem in the United Nations Security Council

The Cyprus Problem in the United Nations Security Council

Conceptual Thoughts on the Linkage of ‘Ethnos’ and ‘Politics’ – Applied to the Emergence of the Cyprus Conflict

Conceptual Thoughts on the Linkage of ‘Ethnos’ and ‘Politics’ – Applied to the Emergence of the Cyprus Conflict

Cyprus's Natural Gas Strategy: Geopolitical and Economic Preconditions

Optimism arose about the discovery of Cypriot and Israeli gas reserves and how they might help resolve the Cyprus question, but the prospective monetization of these reserves has not modified Turkish or Turkish-Cypriot behavior vis-à-vis the Republic of Cyprus, despite Greek-Cypriot hopes. The gas discoveries were not the principal motivation behind the Greek and Greek-Cypriot attempts to establish a trilateral framework of structured cooperation with Israel and Egypt. The export of Cypriot gas to Egyptian liquefied natural gas facilities, however, is the only realistic option available to Nicosia that could also have a positive geopolitical impact on the trilateral framework and help reduce European Union gas dependence on Russia, although the reduction would be quite limited in the short to medium term. The revenues from the monetization of Cypriot gas reserves may be significant for the Cypriot economy, amounting to approximately 2 percent of its gross domestic product, but these direct benefits will materialize gradually over a period of fifteen years and will not be available in time to influence the ongoing talks for the resolution of the Cyprus question.

From Small Streams to Pipe Dreams – The Hydro-Engineering of the Cyprus Conflict

A 2008 water crisis triggered collective fears of droughts and long-term scarcities both north and south of the buffer zone dividing the Mediterranean island of Cyprus since 1974. Tectonic shifts in the island’s water management were the result. Central to export oriented agricultural production since British colonial days, water has always been a policy priority throughout independence, conflict and division for all administrations on the island. With discourses of scarcity and impending doom on the rise, policy makers north and south of the buffer zone started investing heavily in non-conventional high capacity water resources. Since October 2015 an underwater pipeline from the Turkish mainland supplies the north of the island with freshwater while the Republic of Cyprus has commissioned desalination plants through public private partnerships. This article argues that both the construction of the motherland’s “umbilical water cord” in the north as well as the “desalination rush” in the south are not just reactions to issues of environmental scarcity. It shows that Malthusian narratives of water scarcity leading to conflict are just as mistaken as liberal notions of scarcity leading to cooperation. Instead, relationships of power, rooted in post-colonial state formation, development, conflict and division have motivated financially costly but politically expedient investments in excess capacities, rather than improvement of water management. Both the northern and southern water infrastructure boom is understood within its geopolitical context of creating water as political capital in the peace process. This geo-politically conditioned over-engineering of water resources, finally, provides ample grounds for rethinking the relations between water, conflict and division more generally.

Blame it on Kissinger? The international factor and the failure of the “Markezinis Experiment”

The aborted 1967 attempt of the dictatorship to transform itself into some form of democracy has generally been under-researched, and even more so with regard to its international implications. And yet, the issue of foreign influences on the “Markezinis Experiment” has been given excessive weight – first and foremost by the protagonist himself, who blamed his failure and downfall on negative American interference – namely on the then US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger’s adversarial stance. Based on the examination of the international context in three main frameworks – namely its relations with the United States, Europe and the Cyprus issue – this article seeks to give an answer to the question of the foreign factor’s impact on the failure of the “experiment”.

Modeling people’s anticipation for Cyprus peace mediation outcome using a neural model

This paper demonstrates how different scientific disciplines can be successfully merged for efficient real life applications. We propose a novel approach to a social science application using artificial intelligence, by suggesting a neural network designto anticipate or predict people’s perceptions regarding the Cyprus conflict and the peace mediation process.Our novel model is based on associating people’s views and thoughts on critical issues related to the conflict together with their anticipation for securing a peace treaty by year 2020. Our database is our own and has been collected through completed surveys by the international relations department students at the Near East University. The obtained digitally-coded values of the entire database as well as the proposed associative neural predicting model can be further used in training and testing the neural model, which certainly waives the way for further research in this rare application area for artificial intelligence.

Negotiating Under the Security Dilemma A Loss-Framed Approach to the Question of Cyprus

The present study introduces a revised adaptation of the “ethnic security dilemma” theory to explain the nature of antagonisms between the Greek and Turkish Cypriots in negotiations for resolving the Cyprus Question. The proposed theory accounts for security positions adopted by parties under conditions of fear and uncertainty. The indistinguishability of offensive-defensive positions and the perceived windows of opportunity have turned the negotiating process into a competitive cost-benefit problem marked by their distinct security considerations. Furthermore, the study develops a loss-framed negotiations model to illustrate likely choices when perceived costs outweigh the importance of prospective gains. The analysis concludes that although parties could be better off by cooperating, suspicion and distrust encourages defection by creating fears of prospective losses with regards to security.

Британский проект урегулирования ситуации на Кипре в 1957—1958 годах: «план Макмиллана»

The status of Cyprus in the late 1950-ies as well as the UK policy associated with the solution of the Cyprus problem are discussed. On the basis of British documents and sources on USA foreign policy of the mid-20 th century an overview of British foreign policy in relation to controlled island is made. Special attention is paid to project of the Prime Minister of Great Britain Harold Macmillan, according to which the status of Cyprus were to remain unchanged for seven years, and the Greek Cypriots and the Turkish Cypriots could participate in the political life of the island through new organs of power, functioning separately for each community. The approach of foreign Minister and later Prime Minister of Great Britain H. Macmillan is analysed to normalization of the situation in Cyprus in the second half of 1950-ies, complicated as a result of national liberation struggle of the Greek Cypriots unfolding on the island, who supported the idea of enosis (a movement for annexation to Greece). Also the main problems and disagreements in the positions of Turkey, Greece and the UK on certain articles of Macmillan draft are highlighted. The number of the articles are considered on the emergence of new authorities and distribution of powers between the Governor of the island and government authorities.

Neglect Private Debt at the Economy's Peril

The authors discuss the role of private debt in financial crises and attempt to apply the debt deflation logic to the data and facts surrounding the post bail-in years in Cyprus. It is found that the financial crisis in Cyprus was indeed predictable and that a key problem facing the country remains that of avoiding a balance sheet recession which threatens to impede sustainable economic growth. Another interesting finding is that for the three years after the bail-in Cyprus households have been living off their savings rather than making the required additional savings to reduce their debt and restore balance sheet positions. With greater forced or needed savings and the resultant contraction of aggregate demand a downward spiral of debt/deflation can inevitably be expected to set in along lines expounded most notably by Richard Koo. In addition policy recommendations aimed at countering the onset of a balance sheet recession are advanced.

The Dynamics and Interactions of Variables in Cyprus Conflict

The Dynamics and Interactions of Variables in Cyprus Conflict

Ethno-nationalism and impediments to cooperation in tourism in a post-settlement Cyprus?

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to clarify the position of Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot professionals in the hotel and tourism industry on the island of Cyprus with regards to their expectations regarding the benefit of a political solution to the Cyprus problem on the island. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses data from two surveys in both political entities of the island. One survey is a survey of hotel owners, managers of hotels and travel agencies in both political entities on the island. The other is semi-structured interview with leading professionals in the hospitality and tourism industry in both political entities. Findings The surveys indicate that there is an expectation from professionals in both entities that tourism will benefit all following a solution, with large increases in incoming tourism to Cyprus. Practical implications The findings indicate that there are substantial expectations that there will be benefits for all following a solution to the Cyprus problem. Originality/value This is a first future-oriented paper regarding the expectations of major players in the hotel and tourism industry in both political entities on the island.

Ethnic Federalism and Power Sharing in Cyprus: Motives, Constraints, and Preconditions

Negotiations for the settlement of the Cyprus question have resumed amid a pressing geopolitical and economic reality. Greek and Turkish Cypriots adopt distinct interpretations of the United Nations–designated recipe for a bicommunal and bizonal federation in Cyprus. In the relative absence of major normative preconditions for settlement, including a lack of common vision and mutual trust, the pillar notions of federalism and consociationalism have been adapted to serve each side's vital security concerns and to increase each side's leverage in a future federal arrangement in Cyprus. This study conducted an opinion poll of young, educated Greek Cypriots to identify the preferred type of constitutional settlement in the context of a number of perceived motives, constraints, and preconditions. The findings of this survey reveal substantial consensus on the acceptance of a bizonal, bicommunal solution. Yet acceptance of a federal solution is subject to certain prerequisites. The study reveals the varying influence of current economic concerns on a prospective solution.

Book Review: The Europeanisation of Contested Statehood: The EU in northern Cyprus

The Europeanisation of Contested Statehood: The EU in northern Cyprus is an invaluable contribution to the literature on the Cyprus problem. It fills significant gaps in the scholarship, by systematically studying the EU-effect in the affairs of the Northern Cyprus with insightful comments about the two political leadership on the island.Publisher: RoutledgeISBN: 978-1472421593

Turkey–Cyprus–Israel relations and the Cyprus conflict

The discovery of natural gas and oil reserves in Israel and Cyprus’s adjoining Exclusive Economic Zones laid the foundations for wide-ranging cooperation between Tel Aviv and Nicosia in the areas of economy, energy and defence. But it also unveiled big challenges. The Cyprus problem became entangled in the broader international discord over both offshore energy and the increase in Israeli–Turkish tensions. Renewed negotiations between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities, first in February 2014 and then in April 2015, were mainly driven by the discovery of natural gas reserves off Cyprus and the wish of the EU and USA to reconcile the Republic of Cyprus with Turkey and facilitate a Turkey–Israel rapprochement, as the latter might be vital for a ’pro-western’ method of exploitation of the natural wealth. This article, however (relying on primary sources: archives and interviews from Israel, Turkey, Greece, Cyprus, Lebanon and United Kingdom), studying the background of the Turkish–Cypriot–Israeli relationship as well as certain political and economic parameters of the geopolitical complex in the Eastern Mediterranean, questions the feasibility of this option in the foreseeable future.

Diversity and conflict: Negotiating linguistic, ethnic and emotional boundaries in Greek-Cypriot literacy classrooms

This article explores the interplay between discourses on diversity and the realities of interethnic conflict, through a study in the conflict-affected Greek-Cypriot context. Drawing on ethnographic data from Greek-Cypriot literacy classrooms, and particularly, on lessons about the ethnic conflict in Cyprus, it examines how children from diverse backgrounds, statuses, and experiences are introduced to a conflict Discourse, how they socialise and/or become literate in the conflict narrative, and with what implications. The findings show that although in ‘ordinary’ lessons diversity was mostly acknowledged and discussed unproblematically, when conflict figured as a topic in classroom interaction, teachers tended to resort to stereotypical representations of ‘us’ and ‘others’ which created further complexities for the children. This article points to the potentials and limitations of diversity, serving as a point of departure for the renegotiation of ethnic and emotional boundaries within a troubled context with implications for teachers and students.

Security and the Turkey‐EU Accession Process: Norms, Reforms and the Cyprus Issue, by N. Martin (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, ISBN 9781137450029); xii + 268 pp., £65.00 hb.

JCMS: Journal of Common Market StudiesVolume 54, Issue 4 p. 1035-1035 Book Review Security and the Turkey-EU Accession Process: Norms, Reforms and the Cyprus Issue, by N. Martin ( Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, ISBN 9781137450029); xii + 268 pp., £65.00 hb. Funda Tekin, Funda Tekin University of Cologne/Centre International de Formation EuropéenneSearch for more papers by this author Funda Tekin, Funda Tekin University of Cologne/Centre International de Formation EuropéenneSearch for more papers by this author First published: 02 June 2016 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12386Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume54, Issue4July 2016Pages 1035-1035 RelatedInformation

Unficyp Mission and Armed Forces of Slovak Republic

Abstract UN for years enters into Cyprus conflict and use military power as one of the means for peace solutions of conflict. Slovak Republic participates in this process by military contingent which is, at this time, the biggest one from Slovakia in international crisis management military forces. Despite the large efforts and numerous attempts, peace-making process on the island is failing and UNFICYP is still necessary as well as participation of Slovak Armed Forces.