Confirmatory Findings Research Articles

EP362 - Small Cell Ca of the Gall Bladder: A rare tumour of the gall bladder

Abstract Small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the gallbladder is an extremely rare tumour. Despite aggressive and varied treatments, its prognosis is poor. A 53/F presented with complaints of pain in abdomen and fever since 3 days. Patient was vitally stable and tenderness present over the epigastric, Right hypochondrium and Right lumbar region. Except leucocytosis, all labs were WNL. CECT Abdomen pelvis was suggestive of suspicious Gall bladder perforation with necrotic lymph nodes in the peri-pancreatic region. The patient was taken for exploratory laparotomy and a perforated gall bladder was seen intra op and cholecystectomy was performed. Histopathology findings were suggestive of small cell carcinoma - gall bladder and IHC markers (Synaptophysin, CD56, Ki67, EMA, CK19) sent for confirmatory findings were raised. Post op PET CT shows periportal, paracaval and aortocaval metastatic lymph nodes. Chemotherapy regimen (cisplatin + itoposide) was started post op and patient is under follow up. The incidence of SCC of the GB is approximately 0.5% of all GB cancers. Among NETs of the gastrointestinal tract, SCC of the GB compromises 0.2%. Less than 100 cases of this tumour have been documented in the English literature. Surgery is the mainstay of GB cancer treatment. Due to poor prognosis of SCC of the GB, even when curative surgery is possible, additional treatment methods such as chemoradiation should be considered.

Morphological changes in flatfoot: a 3D analysis using weight-bearing CT scans

BackgroundFlatfoot is a condition resulting from complex three-dimensional (3D) morphological changes. Most Previous studies have been constrained by using two-dimensional radiographs and non-weight-bearing conditions. The deformity in flatfoot is associated with the 3D morphology of the bone. These morphological changes affect the force line conduction of the hindfoot/midfoot/forefoot, leading to further morphological alterations. Given that a two-dimensional plane axis overlooks the 3D structural information, it is essential to measure the 3D model of the entire foot in conjunction with the definition under the standing position. This study aims to analyze the morphological changes in flatfoot using 3D measurements from weight-bearing CT (WBCT).MethodIn this retrospective comparative our CT database was searched between 4–2021 and 3–2022. Following inclusion criteria were used: Patients were required to exhibit clinical symptoms suggestive of flatfoot, including painful swelling of the medial plantar area or abnormal gait, corroborated by clinical examination and confirmatory radiological findings on CT or MRI. Healthy participants were required to be free of any foot diseases or conditions affecting lower limb movement. After applying the exclusion criteria (Flatfoot with other foot diseases), CT scans (mean age = 20.9375, SD = 16.1) confirmed eligible for further analysis. The distance, angle in sagittal/transverse/coronal planes, and volume of the two groups were compared on reconstructed 3D models using the t-test. Logistic regression was used to identify flatfoot risk factors, which were then analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves and nomogram.ResultThe flatfoot group exhibited significantly lower values for calcaneofibular distance (p = 0.001), sagittal and transverse calcaneal inclination angle (p < 0.001), medial column height (p < 0.001), sagittal talonavicular coverage angle (p < 0.001), and sagittal (p < 0.001) and transverse (p = 0.015) Hibb angle. In contrast, the sagittal lateral talocalcaneal angle (p = 0.013), sagittal (p < 0.001) and transverse (p = 0.004) talocalcaneal angle, transverse talonavicular coverage angle (p < 0.001), coronal Hibb angle (p < 0.001), and sagittal (p < 0.001) and transverse (p = 0.001) Meary’s angle were significantly higher in the flatfoot group. The sagittal Hibb angle (B = − 0.379, OR = 0.684) and medial column height (B = − 0.990, OR = 0.372) were identified as significant risk factors for acquiring a flatfoot.ConclusionThe findings validate the 3D spatial position alterations in flatfoot. These include the abduction of the forefoot and prolapse of the first metatarsal proximal, the arch collapsed, subluxation of the talonavicular joint in the midfoot, adduction and valgus of the calcaneus, adduction and plantar ward movement of the talus in the hindfoot, along with the first metatarsal’s abduction and dorsiflexion in the forefoot.

IJCM_295A: Long term infested rabies – A case report

Introduction: Rabies a zoonotic viral infection continues to be major public health problem majorly in parts of Africa and India. Rabies in majority of cases is fatal and the incubation period is between 20 and 90 days. The patient even if he survives had poor functional outcomes. The strategies adopted by the government and health administrators even though in place may not be enough to prevent the disease as we keep getting cases of rabies. Case Report: The case is of a 31-year-old male with a history of dog bite injury 1 year back. However, the patient was asymptomatic for the following year. The patient had no history of treatment and vaccination. Symptoms started a year later with the patient complaining of lower limb stiffness and developing hydrophobia. The patient succumbed after 10 days of treatment at hospital. Discussion: Rabies is virtually 100 percent fatal and without critical care they die within 2 to 3 days of admission. There are rare cases of survival from rabies which are miniscule. People who are vaccinated may develop high concentration of neutralizing antibodies to suppress the disease. Currently there are no antiviral for treatment of rabies and vaccination is the only known preventive method. In the normal circumstances incubation period is within 3 months. But the possibility of late presentations should be kept in mind as evidenced in this case where the patient developed the disease after 1 year. This is a rare occurrence and would not have been suspected if not for the history of dog-bite and confirmatory findings on autopsy.

Measuring teacher identity of physicians – a validation study of a questionnaire instrument

ABSTRACT Background Teacher identity is defined as a continuum of a person’s self-conviction (‘Identity is something I have’) and a context-dependent action (‘Identity is something I do in a context’) (Lankveld et al. 2021). It has been identified a relevant contributor to physicians’ teaching commitment. In this study, we further improve the currently only existing questionnaire instrument (37 items) measuring physicians’ teacher identity. Methods Survey data on 147 clinicians at a German university hospital were (1) analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We tested (a) the model fits of the originally suggested scales and (b) potential for improvement of model fits by item reduction. As this could not reveal satisfactory fits for all scales, we (2) applied a principal axis factoring as an exploratory approach. Last, we combined findings from (1) and (2) with a theoretical item content discussion and suggest (3) reassembled scales which were again checked using CFA. Findings (1a) Two scales from the original instrument were successfully confirmed. (1b) Some scales benefited from item reduction. (2) The exploratory analysis identified three factors that explained at least 5% variance. (3) By integrating confirmatory and exploratory findings with a content analysis of the items, we propose a partially rearranged questionnaire instrument, comprising seven scales: (1) Feeling intrinsic satisfaction from teaching; (2) Feeling responsibility to teach; (3) Exchange of teaching experience; (4) Identification and enjoyment of the teaching role; (5) Development of teaching; (6) Teaching self-concept of ability; (7) Desired rewards for teaching. Four items were kept as single items. Conclusion We suggest that when assessing teacher identity in physicians, all items should be constructed to allow for responses, even from physicians who are presently not actively involved in teaching. The scales benefited from categorizing items based on the continuum of teacher identity as outlined by van Lankveld et al. (2021).

Measuring corporate citizenship and public image: evidence from scale development and validation

PurposeThis study aims to measure the absolute impact of corporate citizenship actions on the operable elements of the public image by developing an adequate and parsimonious instrument.Design/methodology/approachBoth qualitative and quantitative approaches are used, where initially a literature review is systematized, then related statements are created, examined and confirmed. Altogether, 296 responses have been tested at discrete points, allowing for a temporal split-up of observations, where the first 148 forms have been used for exploratory factor analysis and the remaining 148 for confirmatory factor analysis.FindingsThe results of exploratory factor analysis revealed that the proposed instrument contains 13 items under three components: corporate citizenship and public affiliation; corporate citizenship and public allegiance; and corporate citizenship and public accomplishment. Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis findings attest to the completeness, robustness and fitness of the same.Research limitations/implicationsThis experiment would serve as an inducement that would bridge the theoretical and empirical gap between corporate citizenship and public image by imparting an extensive perspective.Originality/valuePerhaps on account of the lack of an inclusive instrument, the holistic view of corporate citizenship has secured quite less empirical attention so far, particularly from the perception of that group of stakeholders who manifest wholeness. This study, thus by making a ground-breaking methodological endeavor with the conceptually established construct of public image, would abet in shaping a new class of “wholistic”, i.e. whole and holistic corporations.

Self-Efficacy Scale Among Iranian Cardiovascular Patients: Persian Translation, Validity, and Reliability Assessment.

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to translate the Sherer Self-Efficacy Scale into Persian and assess its psychometric properties among Iranian patients with cardiovascular diseases. Methods: This cross-sectional research design was done in 2019. The Persian version of the Self-Efficacy Scale was completed by 400 cardiovascular patients. The scale's reliability and validity (face, content, and construct) were evaluated. Results: A four-factor structure of the Self-Efficacy Scale explained 39.22% of the total variance. Additionally, this Scale demonstrated good construct validity on the basis of the confirmatory factor analysis's findings. The reliability of the scale was assessed and proved with coefficient α, McDonald's ω, and ICC. Conclusions: The Persian version of the Self-Efficacy Scale had acceptable reliability and validity. This Scale could be used by Iranian patients with cardiovascular disease to determine how effective they are at treating themselves.

A Test Development Study on Spatial Visualization for Second-Grade Primary School Students

This study aims to develop a new spatial visualization test (SVT) for second grade primary school students. The study employed the survey design, and the test was developed in accordance with the test development steps. According to the findings obtained as a result of the pilot study, the items were generally high difficulty levels, and they were very good items. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis findings confirmed the three sub-dimensions (mental integration, mental rotation, and paper folding) measuring spatial visualization skills. SVT, which was reduced to 10 items, was administered to 396 students; the KR-20 internal consistency coefficient was 0.63, the average difficulty index was 0.35 and the average discrimination index was 0.48. As a result of the study, a valid and reliable test on spatial visualization for second grade primary school students was obtained and it was concluded that students' spatial visualization was at a low level.

Eosinophilic Ulcer of the Tongue in Smokeless Tobacco "Shamma User”: Case Series Report

Oral eosinophilic ulcers (OEU) are rare, benign, reactive, and often self-limiting lesions. As the lesion is self-limiting, it develops rapidly,usually disappearing after several weeks. Although the exact pathogenetic mechanisms are unknown, the possibility that trauma may play a rolehas been postulated. The lesion frequently misleads to the suspicion of squamous cell carcinoma because of its prolonged duration. Despite traumabeing suggested as the main culprit of oral eosinophil ulcers, the exact pathogenesis mechanism of this disease remains controversial. However, itmay misdiagnose as malignancy, particularly in smokeless tobacco "Shamma users." The study emphasizes the clinical and histopathological aspectsof diagnosing and treating this pathology. The study aims to demonstrate the importance of knowledge and its course. The novelty of our studycan be described in terms of thorough early clinical diagnosis with confirmatory histopathological findings that can aid towards perfect diagnosis,as part of treatment - removal of etiological factors (trauma) saw the Oral eosinophilic ulcers (OEU) completely healed, which was earlier can bemisdiagnosed as malignancy based on the use of Shamma smokeless tobacco by patients for a longer period. We present the two male cases ofSaudi residents with a long history of painful ulcers on the lateral borders of the tongue. Both had a long history of being "Shamma users" ofsmokeless tobacco. The ulcers were ulceration with indurated and elevated borders and no evidence of regional lymph node involvement.Histopathologically, the lesion showed an infiltrate with several eosinophils, was ulcerated, and no cellular atypia was observed. After the treatment,the ulcer rapidly healed with an incisional biopsy and the cause removal. A definite diagnosis was achieved by combining histologic findings andclinical follow-up. A biopsy is not only the best approach for a proper diagnosis but also for its therapeutic management. Understanding thisdisease is necessary since its lesion can mimic an oral squamous cell carcinoma occurring as an indurated ulceration coupled with its frequentoccurrence on the tongue.

To what extent do home numeracy practices and parental number talk relate to children's math skills? A pre-registered study in 5-year-old children

A growing number of studies suggest a relation between young children's math skills and their home numeracy environment (HNE), typically assessed through home numeracy practices and parental number talk. However, studies are characterized by heterogeneity in methods, analytic strategies, and results. Here we tested prevalent models of the HNE via a pre-registered study to reduce analytic flexibility and distinguish between confirmatory and exploratory findings. A wide range of mathematical skills was measured in 128 5-year-old children, while their HNE was assessed via a parental questionnaire evaluating the frequency of home numeracy practices and a direct measure of parental number talk during a free-play session in the lab. Contrary to our hypotheses, we did not find any predicted relation between children's mathematical skills and parental number talk or frequency of informal practices at home. However, as predicted, we confirmed a relation between formal advanced numeracy practices and symbolic mathematical skills.

New-onset functional tics during the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical characteristics of 105 cases from a single centre.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated amongst other things with a sharp increase in adolescents and young adults presenting acutely with functional tics. Initial reports have suggested clinically relevant differences between functional tics and neurodevelopmental tics seen in primary tic disorders such as Tourette syndrome. We aimed to provide confirmatory findings from the largest single-centre cohort to date. In the present study we present data from 105 consecutive patients who developed functional tics during a 3-year period overlapping with the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020-March 2023). All patients underwent a comprehensive neuropsychiatric assessment at a single specialist centre for tic disorders. Female adolescents and young adults accounted for 69% of our sample. Functional tics had an acute/subacute onset in most cases (75% with a peak of severity within 1 month). We found a disproportionately high frequency of complex movements (81%) and vocalizations (75%). A subset of patients (23%) had a pre-existing primary tic disorder (Tourette syndrome with functional overlay). The most common psychiatric co-morbidities were anxiety (70%) and affective disorders (40%). Moreover, 41% of patients had at least one functional neurological disorder in addition to functional tics. Exposure to tic-related social media content was reported by half of the patients. Our findings confirm substantial clinical differences between functional tics developed during the pandemic and neurodevelopmental tics. Both patient- and tic-related red flags support the differential diagnostic process and inform ongoing monitoring in the post-pandemic era.

Upgrading on Per Protocol versus For Cause surveillance prostate biopsies: An opportunity to decreasing the burden of active surveillance.

Most prostate cancer (PC) active surveillance (AS) protocols recommend "Per Protocol" surveillance biopsy (PPSBx) every 1-3 years, even if clinical and imaging parameters remained stable. Herein, we compared the incidence of upgrading on biopsies that met criteria for "For Cause" surveillance biopsy (FCSBx) versus PPSBx. We retrospectively reviewed men with GG1 PC on AS in the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative (MUSIC) registry. Surveillance prostate biopsies obtained 1 year after diagnosis were classified as either PPSBx or FCSBx. Biopsies were retrospectively deemed FCSBx if any of these criteria were met: PSA velocity > 0.75 ng/mL/year; rise in PSA > 3 ng from baseline; surveillance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (sMRI) with a PIRADS ≥ 4; change in DRE. Biopsies were classified PPSBx if none of these criteria were met. The primary outcome was upgrading to ≥GG2 or ≥GG3 on surveillance biopsy. The secondary objective was to assess for the association of reassuring (PIRADS ≤ 3) confirmatory or surveillance MRI findings and upgrading for patients undergoing PPSBx. Proportions were compared with the chi-squared test. We identified 1773 men with GG1 PC in MUSIC who underwent a surveillance biopsy. Men meeting criteria for FCSBx had more upgrading to ≥GG2 (45%) and ≥GG3 (12%) compared with those meeting criteria for PPSBx (26% and 4.9%, respectively, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). Men with a reassuring confirmatory or surveillance MRI undergoing PPSBx had less upgrading to ≥GG2 (17% and 17%, respectively) and ≥GG3 (2.9% and 1.8%, respectively) disease compared with men without an MRI (31% and 7.4%, respectively). Patients undergoing PPSBx had significantly less upgrading compared with men undergoing FCSBx. Confirmatory and surveillance MRI seem to be valuable tools to stratify the intensity of surveillance biopsies for men on AS. These data may help inform the development of a risk-stratified, data driven AS protocol.

Assessing the replication landscape in experimental linguistics

Replications are an integral part of cumulative experimental science. Yet many scientific disciplines do not replicate much because novel confirmatory findings are valued over direct replications. To provide a systematic assessment of the replication landscape in experimental linguistics, the present study estimated replication rates for over 50,000 articles across 98 journals. We used automatic string matching using the Web of Science combined with in-depth manual inspections of 274 papers. The median rate of mentioning the search string “replicat*” was as low as 1.7 percent. Subsequent manual analyses of articles containing the search string revealed that only 4 percent of these contained a direct replication, i.e., a study that aims to arrive at the same scientific conclusions as an initial study by using exactly the same methodology. Less than half of these direct replications were performed by independent researchers. Thus our data suggest that only 1 in 1250 experimental linguistic articles contains an independent direct replication. We conclude that, similar to neighboring disciplines, experimental linguistics replicates very little, a state of affairs that should be reflected upon.

Well-being in social interactions: Examining personality-situation dynamics in face-to-face and computer-mediated communication.

Decades of research show that people's social lives are linked to their well-being. Yet, research on the relationship between social interactions and well-being has been largely inconclusive with regard to the effects of person-situation interactions, such as the interplay between contextual factors (e.g., interactions occurring in physical vs. digital contexts, different interaction partners) and dispositional tendencies (e.g., Big Five personality traits). Here, we report on exploratory and confirmatory findings from three large studies of college students (Study 1: N = 1,360; Study 2: N = 851; Study 3: N = 864) who completed a total of 139,363 experience sampling surveys (reporting on 87,976 social interactions). We focus on the effects of different modes of communication (face-to-face [FtF] interactions, computer-mediated communication [CMC], and mixed episodes [FtF + CMC]), and types of interaction partners (close peers, family members, and weak ties). Using multilevel structural equation modeling, we found that FtF interactions and mixed episodes were associated with highest well-being on the within-person level, and that these effects were particularly pronounced for individuals with high levels of neuroticism. CMC was related to lower well-being than FtF interactions, but higher well-being than not socializing at all. Regarding the type of interaction partner, individuals reported higher well-being after interactions with close peers than after interactions with family members and weak ties, and the difference between close peers and weak ties was larger for FtF interactions than for CMC. We discuss these findings with regard to theories of person-situation interactions and research on well-being and social interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

A case of dysferlinopathy (Miyoshi distal myopathy limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2b phenotype) from a tertiary care hospital

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi myopathy are caused by similar mutations in the dysferlin gene. The phenotype of these allelic disease variants can vary considerably. We report a young male with severe and rapidly progressing muscle disorder with increased creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and confirmatory muscle biopsy findings. Genetic testing was done. A homozygous nonsense variation in exon 23 of the DYSF gene, which was consistent with the patient’s clinical reports of dysferlinopathy. Clinical phenomenology and preferential muscle involvement lead one to the gold standard genetic testing in heritable myopathies, which was well established in this report.

KIF6 Trp719Arg Genetic Variant Increases Risk for Thoracic Aortic Dissection

KIF6 (kinesin family member 6), a protein coded by the KIF6 gene, serves an important intracellular function to transport organelles along microtubules. In a pilot study, we found that a common KIF6 Trp719Arg variant increased the propensity of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) to suffer dissection (AD). The present study aims for a definite investigation of the predictive ability of KIF6 719Arg vis à vis AD. Confirmatory findings would enhance natural history prediction in TAA. 1108 subjects (899 aneurysm and 209 dissection patients) had KIF6 719Arg variant status determined. The 719Arg variant in the KIF6 gene correlated strongly with occurrence of AD. Specifically, KIF6 719Arg positivity (homozygous or heterozygous) was substantially more common in dissectors (69.8%) than non-dissectors (58.5%) (p = 0.003). Odds ratios (OR) for suffering aortic dissection ranged from 1.77 to 1.94 for Arg carriers in various dissection categories. These high OR associations were noted for both ascending and descending aneurysms and for homozygous and heterozygous Arg variant patients. The rate of aortic dissection over time was significantly higher for carriers of the Arg allele (p = 0.004). Additionally, Arg allele carriers were more likely to reach the combined endpoint of dissection or death (p = 0.03). We demonstrate the marked adverse impact of the 719Arg variant of the KIF6 gene on the likelihood that a TAA patient will suffer aortic dissection. Clinical assessment of the variant status of this molecularly important gene may provide a valuable "non-size" criterion to enhance surgical decision making above and beyond the currently used metric of aortic size (diameter).

Scholarly Publishing With the American Urological Association—The Expansion of the “Voice of Urology” Into Open Access With the Journal of Urology Open Plus

Scholarly Publishing With the American Urological Association—The Expansion of the “Voice of Urology” Into Open Access With the Journal of Urology Open Plus

Development and validation of a Japanese translation of the K-SF-42.

In this study, we conducted the translation and validation of the K-SF-42 in Japan (Figueredo, 2017). The K-SF-42 is a new short form of the Arizona Life History Battery. We obtained empirical evidence that the original seven-factor structure could be applied to the Japanese translated version of K-SF-42 (K-SF-42-J). We also observed good internal consistency of the seven scales of K-SF-42-J. The multi-group confirmatory factor analysis findings suggest that the K-SF-42-J can be used in both sexes and diverse age groups. The K-SF-42-J scales showed similar correlates as the English original, with higher scores of other life history strategy measurement, trait emotional intelligence, well-being, and cultural and social resources in childhood. Use of the K-SF-42-J will allow researchers with Japanese speaking samples to integrate their findings with the existing life history strategy research literature. The brevity of the K-SF-42-J will be appealing to researchers who are concerned about taxing the time and motivation of their participants.

Association Between Diabetic Retinopathy and Insomnia Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested a close link between sleep disturbances and diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, to date, no confirmatory findings have been reported. We aimed to explore the risk of insomnia in DR by considering demographic factors and diabetes mellitus (DM)-related variables.MethodsA nationwide population-based cohort of 2,206,619 patients with type 2 diabetes from the Korean National Insurance Service Database was followed up for insomnia incidence. DR, non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR) were defined according to ICD-10 codes. The interactive effects of sex, age, and DM-related variables were analyzed to evaluate their impact on insomnia risk in DR.ResultsCompared with the non-DR group, insomnia risk was increased in the DR [(adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.125, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.108-1.142), NPDR (aHR:1.117, 95% CI:1.099-1.134), and PDR (aHR:1.205, 95% CI: 1.156-1.256), even after controlling for comorbidities, lifestyle factors, and DM-related variables. The men and youngest age groups (<40 years) were most vulnerable to insomnia risk. Sex, age, DM duration, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) status exerted interactive effects with DR status in increasing the insomnia risk. In the PDR group, sex, age, DM duration, insulin therapy status, and CKD status exerted interactive effects that increased the risk of insomnia.ConclusionInsomnia risk is significantly higher in patients with DR, and clinical attention is warranted.

Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale Among the Iranian General Population.

The crisis of the COVID-19 prevalence in Iran, as well as the world, caused mental disorders and anxiety syndrome. The COVID-19 anxiety syndrome scale (C-19ASS) assesses conceptually and psychometrically the nature of the COVID-19 threat experience instead of a response to the threat, fear, and COVID-19 anxiety. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the anxiety syndrome scale of COVID-19 in the population of Iran. The Persian version of C-19ASS was sent to Iranian adults via online social networking applications and finally, 932 adults responded to the questionnaire. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed two-factor structures for C-19ASS, which explained 48.70% of the total variance. Given the confirmatory factor analysis findings, all goodness of fit indices confirmed the model fit. All coefficients of internal consistency were estimated as acceptable reliability. The results showed that the C-19ASS has good psychometric properties, and can be used by researchers, psychologists, and healthcare providers to assess the anxiety syndrome of the Iranian population during the COVID-19 pandemic.

TBIO-02. Mapping the origins of pediatric brain tumors to cell type lineages in the developing cerebellum.

Understanding the cellular origins of cerebellar tumors at single cell resolution may help identify novel therapeutic vulnerabilities to overcome current impediments in pediatric neuro-oncology. One approach to answer this important question involves the mapping of tumor profiles onto normal embryonal central nervous system development. Previous attempts in this regard focused on integrating human tumor data with developing mouse cerebellum atlases, however, these approaches were inherently limited due to species-specific differences. In order to address this critical issue, we use a high resolution developing human cerebellum single cell atlas in order to compare to extended bulk and single cell transcriptomes profiles from pediatric solid tumors. In result, we provide novel and confirmatory findings for the cellular association of medulloblastoma SHH, Group3 and Group4 as well as pilocytic astrocytoma, using comprehensive approaches to decipher the cellular composition and map the origins of childhood brain tumors. We also shed light on the cellular origins of posterior fossa ependymoma and radiation-induced glioma (secondary tumor, occurring after medulloblastoma). As a common feature among the tumor similarity to normal cell types, we identify gradients of differentiation, starting from early progenitor cells to more differentiated cell states, observed in all cerebellar tumor entities investigated at single cell level; thus reflecting possible lineages of origin. Pertaining to clinical application, we identified specific developmental genes shared between cerebellar lineages and associated tumors, and tumor-specific genes absent in all cerebellar lineages. These two categories of genes comprise candidate lineage markers for faithful modeling and, if absent from other organ systems after birth, could become an important source of potential therapeutic targets. Importantly, all analysis results are publicly available via an interactive online user interface (brain-match.org) that serves as an open valuable resource for the scientific community.