Configuration Of Political Forces Research Articles

Конституционные преобразования политических систем постсоветских государств Центральной Азии

The article examines the constitutional transformations of the political systems of the Central Asian states, which had an impact on the structure, powers and competence of the key power actors that make up the apparatus of public power, the political practice of their functioning and interaction with each other, which in turn affected the choice of the form of government and the configuration of political forces in the post-Soviet states under consideration. The authors trace the relationship between the constitutional reforms carried out in the post-Soviet states and the choice of the form (i.e. model) of government. As a result, the authors concluded that the two Central Asian countries under consideration, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, have chosen a presidential (presidential-centric) model of government, with strict autocratic tendencies in public administration, which is explained by the type of political leadership and the mentality of the majority of the country's electoral corps. Whereas Kazakhstan, which has long adhered to the same formula as the two above-mentioned countries, since the constitutional reforms of 2017. There is a transformation from a super-presidential to a presidential, and subsequently a mixed republic, while retaining key powers of the head of state.

THE COUNTRIES OF SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE AND THE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE

The article examines two parameters of the subject stated: policies of the state governments of South-Eastern Europe in view of the new developments in Ukraine, widespread attitudes, and the configuration of political forces in these countries which may provide a chance to pro-Russian circles. An analysis is based on both national and international opinion polls and the results of the last elections. As is shown, the traditionally strong Russophile sentiments in many countries of the region have reverberated again and affected the perception of the conflict. However, the potential of the pro-Russian forces is insufficient for a fundamental change in policies although the ruling circles cannot completely ignore it. The article concludes that the status and prospects of Russian cooperation with the countries of the region will remain unfavorable until the end of military operation in Ukraine, although the EU and the US are unlikely to succeed in achieving complete abandonment of Russian energy sources in a short time.

Paraguay: the “cartismo” as a challenge to the political system stability

The April 30, 2023 Paraguay held the General elections, their result revealed a new configuration of political forces in the country. Following the electoral cycle results, the ruling Colorado party strengthened its positions, and the traditional opposition lost votes to populist politicians. However, the confident win of the Colorado party increases the level of intra-party confrontation. The sanctions imposed by the US against the former President O. Cartes reflected decrease of anti-corruption struggle intensity and the deterioration of state institutions functioning in the country. The President Santiago Peña’s tasks include the economic growth accelerating. Maintaining a foreign policy course conditioned by the ideological preferences of the previous era may face the increasing pressure from the agrarian lobby interested in developing relations with China.

Подходы балканских стран к сотрудничеству с Россией

The article examines three parameters of the stated subject: policies of the state governments of South-Eastern Europe in the light of the new developments in Ukraine, widespread attitudes and the configuration of political forces in these countries which may provide a chance to pro-Russian circles. The analysis is based on both national and international opinion polls and the results of the latest elections. As is shown, the traditionally strong Russophile sentiments in many countries of the region have reverberated again and affected the perception of the conflict. It's only natural for Russia’s public opinion, focused on events in and around Ukraine, to look at everything through the lens of Russia opposing the collective West. However, in a region, where the European Union for every single state is a pole of centripetal tendencies and where a NATO membership is a much needed permit to that pole, people view things in a different way. Thus, projecting Russian worldview on local reality is methodologically flawed and it would lead to incorrect assessments and conclusions. Pro-Russian sympathies made themselves known in areas where there are such. However, the potential of the pro-Russian forces is insufficient for a fundamental change in policies although the ruling circles cannot completely ignore it. The article concludes that the status and prospects of Russian cooperation with the countries of the region will remain unfavorable until the end of military operation in Ukraine, although the EU and the USA are unlikely to succeed in achieving complete abandonment of Russian energy resources in a short time.

ELECTION OF THE NEW PRIME MINISTER OF SWEDEN

The article examines the situation in Sweden around the election of a new Prime minister of the country. Describing it as a political crisis, the author points to the causes that gave rise to it, the course of the crisis itself and the interim results. The reasons are seen in the self-destruction of the former two-block party-political mechanism, which turned out to be unable to find adequate answers to new challenges, the appearance of which is predetermined by both internal political processes and global events and phenomena. The restructuring of this mechanism proceeds in complex contradictory forms, which was shown by the election of the chief executive. The weakening of the old traditional rivals in the struggle for power, which also affects their internal unity, is accompanied by the activation of forces on the extreme flanks, especially the right part of it, where nationalists are strengthening from year to year. The election of a new leader of the SAP as the new prime minister with the changed, and probably not for the last time, configuration of political forces has become a fragile compromise, for which the Social Democrats will have to pay dearly – they will have to fulfill the budget of the right-wing parties. There was a temporary reconnaissance before the new battles, the main of which will be the election of a new composition of the Riksdag in 2022.

CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS FOR FORMATION OF FAUNISTIC LEGISLATION IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS UNER GLOBALIZATION

Purpose: doctrinal analysis of formation of faunistic legislation through the prism of economic, political, social and cultural transformation in the context of globalization. Methods: general scientific and special methods of enquiry: dialectical, formal and legal, hermeneutic, structural and functional, comparative methods. Results: there has been conducted the comprehensive review of interdependence of political, economic, social and cultural, ideological evolutionary stage of national development and the formation of new and improvement the current faunistic legislation. It has been found that each of the spheres of social life has significantly different impacts on updating legislation about protection and use of fauna. Discussion: the influence of economic, political, social and ideological factors of national development on the system of faunistic legislation. The formation and evolution of faunistic legislation is determined by the profound political, social, economic and other changes of the spheres of public life. Transformation of economic relations of the state contributed to the establishment of the institute of ownership of the fauna, as well as the obligation of observance the economic measures aimed at the rational use and protection of the fauna by economic entities. The form, state structure and type of state, the configuration of political forces and the state of political relations are recognized as important factors under the influence of which faunistic legislation is developed. Social values alterations in society demonstrate the intensification of the interest of indifferent citizens to ensuring the humane treatment of animals. The radical transformation of economic, political, socio-cultural life of society under the influence of globalization processes causes a dynamic, often chaotic, devoid of prudence and consistency, the development of legislation. Each of these areas of social reality has varying degrees of impact on the development of faunal legislation, but in the aggregate, they contribute to the need to update such legislation, revise existing paradigms and concepts of legal regulation of wildlife protection and use in accordance with leading global trends and the urgency of securing public-private interest the state. Extensive development of the national economy requires the achievement of an optimal model of consonance between the economic ambitions of the state and the priorities of fauna protection.

Два переворота 1545/46 г. в Казани: к вопросу о конфигурации политических сил в первые годы Казанской войны

Два переворота 1545/46 г. в Казани: к вопросу о конфигурации политических сил в первые годы Казанской войны

Chile's military forces

Although military rule ended in 1990, Chile's armed forces retain significant political influence and a prominent role in society. The armed forces' past involvement in political repression continues to resonate throughout society, but the current configuration of political forces means that plans to strip the military of certain privileges through constitutional reforms are unlikely to progress swiftly. In the meantime, the armed forces are focusing on structural reforms, albeit within the context of uncertain resources.

Belorussian Self-Awareness and Belorussian Politics

Every country in the CIS [Commonwealth of Independent States] has a unique face, and each has its own configuration of political forces, its own pace, and even its own direction of political development. Even so, Belorussia is a quite special country. No other country had so peculiar an electoral revolution as Belorussia did in 1994. No country displayed such readiness to unite with Russia. Nor is there any other country (not only in the CIS but also throughout the world) where the president, the first head of the first independent state in the history of his people, would triumphantly tear up his national flag, a symbol of independence, and say about his own people's language: Nothing great can be expressed in Belorussian. The Belorussian language is an impoverished language. There are only two great languages in the world, Russian and English (Narodnaia gazeta, 1 February 1995). Where do these peculiar features of Belorussian political life come from? And what kind of strange country...