Confidentiality Rights Research Articles

Psychological and pharmacological treatments of intermittent explosive disorder: a meta-analysis protocol

IntroductionIntermittent explosive disorder (IED) is characterised by recurrent, sudden episodes of impulsive aggression that are disproportionate to the provocation. The condition’s management remains challenging due to the variability in treatment...

Chilean Supreme Court ruling on the protection of brain activity: neurorights, personal data protection, and neurodata.

This paper discusses a landmark ruling by the Chilean Supreme Court of August 9, 2023 dealing with the right to mental privacy, originated with an action for constitutional protection filed on behalf of Guido Girardi Lavin against Emotiv Inc., a North American company based in San Francisco, California that is commercializing the device "Insight." This wireless device functions as a headset with sensors that collect information about the brain's electrical activity (i.e., neurodata). The discussion revolves around whether neurodata can be considered personal data and whether they could be classified into a special category. The application of the present legislation on data (the most obsolete, such as the Chilean law, and the most recent EU law) does not seem adequate to protect neurodata. The use of neurodata raises ethical and legal concerns that are not fully addressed by current regulations on personal data protection. Despite not being necessarily considered personal data, neurodata represent the most intimate aspects of human personality and should be protected in light of potential new risks. The unique characteristics of neurodata, including their interpretive nature and potential for revealing thoughts and intentions, pose challenges for regulation. Current data protection laws do not differentiate between different types of data based on their informational content, which is relevant for protecting individual rights. The development of new technologies involving neurodata requires particular attention and careful consideration to prevent possible harm to human dignity. The regulation of neurodata must account for their specific characteristics and the potential risks they pose to privacy, confidentiality, and individual rights. The answer lies in the reconfiguration of human rights known as "neurorights" that goes beyond the protection of personal data.

Avoiding Unethical Altruism in Global Health: Revisiting Ethics Guidelines for International Rotations for Medical Residents.

Avoiding Unethical Altruism in Global Health: Revisiting Ethics Guidelines for International Rotations for Medical Residents.

Follow-up of Geriatric Patients with Pressure Ulcers by Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery in Intensive Care Conditions

Objective: The aim of this study was to define the Follow-up results and the observation of relationship between the clinical features and woundconditions of geriatric patients with pressure ulcers treated in the intensive care unit by Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (PRAS)Methods: The research was carried out at Evliya Çelebi Training and Research Hospital of Kütahya University of Health Sciences betweenJanuary 2018 and January 2020. All pressure ulcers on set of our patients was observed during hospitalization. Study was conducted on 215patients hospitalized in neurology and general intensive care units. Ulcer diagnosis was performed by European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel(EPUAP) and National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP). Patient data were collected and evaluated by surgical care nurse and PRC surgeontogether during the visit. The confidentiality and personal rights of each patient were respected.Results: There were 215 patients with pressure injuries, 45.6% were hospitalized in the neurology intensive care unit and 42.5% were with thediagnosis of cerebrovascular disease, 41.6% of patients state of consciousness was evaluated as confused. Gender prevalence were 52.2% werefemale with mean age 72.5 ± 2.4. There are 43.2% of the ulcers were in the sacral area, 52% were in stage 2, all patients had fecal / urinaryincontinence.Conclusion: Awareness and education of the care professionals working in intensive care units in terms of preventive measures can savepatients from pressure ulcers and avoid patients from the difficult and risky surgical interventions.

A data flow process for confidential data and its application in a health research project.

The use of linked healthcare data in research has the potential to make major contributions to knowledge generation and service improvement. However, using healthcare data for secondary purposes raises legal and ethical concerns relating to confidentiality, privacy and data protection rights. Using a linkage and anonymisation approach that processes data lawfully and in line with ethical best practice to create an anonymous (non-personal) dataset can address these concerns, yet there is no set approach for defining all of the steps involved in such data flow end-to-end. We aimed to define such an approach with clear steps for dataset creation, and to describe its utilisation in a case study linking healthcare data. We developed a data flow protocol that generates pseudonymous datasets that can be reversibly linked, or irreversibly linked to form an anonymous research dataset. It was designed and implemented by the Comprehensive Patient Records (CPR) study in Leeds, UK. We defined a clear approach that received ethico-legal approval for use in creating an anonymous research dataset. Our approach used individual-level linkage through a mechanism that is not computer-intensive and was rendered irreversible to both data providers and processors. We successfully applied it in the CPR study to hospital and general practice and community electronic health record data from two providers, along with patient reported outcomes, for 365,193 patients. The resultant anonymous research dataset is available via DATA-CAN, the Health Data Research Hub for Cancer in the UK. Through ethical, legal and academic review, we believe that we contribute a defined approach that represents a framework that exceeds current minimum standards for effective pseudonymisation and anonymisation. This paper describes our methods and provides supporting information to facilitate the use of this approach in research.

도핑검사관의 전문성과 윤리성에 관한 인문학적 통찰

Purpose: This study aims to make a study of reality itself, not just focusing on ideals, with the aim of critical self-examination and practical action on the professionalism and ethics of doping control officers, but the subject of doping prevention activities and doping tests.<BR> Method: Qualitative study was conducted through inquiring and participatory observations. Through this, the study tried to make deep reflection and insight on anti-doping and doping inspectors by philosophically illuminating how doping & doping prevention, anti-doping and doping inspectors have been formed, understood and recognized historically and how to move forward.<BR> Results: The results of this study were as follows. First, the doping control officer expertise showed five results: knowledge, environment, competence, process, and responsibility. Second, the ethics of doping control officers were shown to be three types: conflict of interest, confidentiality, and human rights.<BR> Conclusion: In conclusion, the doping control officers should understand and practice the eight keywords formed in professionalism and ethics, and it is a virtue that should be equipped with comprehensive thinking continuously.

BATASAN PELAKSANAAN HAK INGKAR NOTARIS DALAM RANGKA MENJAGA KERAHASIAAN AKTA MENURUT UNDANG -UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 2 TAHUN 2014 PERUBAHAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 30 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG JABATAN NOTARIS

Notary is a public official who is guided by UUJN which thus gives the Notary full authority to make a Deed, along with the obligation to keep the contents of the Deed, as in the Notary’s commitment to his oath or promise. Thus the Deed made by the Notary is confidential and the entire process of maintaining it is a confidentiality legal protection effort. However, the fact that a Notary can be summoned to make inquiries and become a witness in a court permitted by law presents a dilemma in itself with the promise of Notary it should. To overcome this dilemma, the Notary is facilitated with a right called dissenters rights, which then gives the option for the Notary to deny his position as a witness in certain circumstances. Considering this, the author would like to see the implementation of the dissenters rights according to UUJN and also the limitations of the confidentiality of the Deed that the author will be conducted with normative juridical research using a statue approach, as well as using secondary data from books and scientific writings relevant to the dissenters rights of notary and confidentiality of the Deed. After conducting research, the authors identified that in the of dissenters rights of refusal of a Notary as an obligation stated in the law attached to his or her job duties, it has not been carried out clearly due the provision of Article 66 paragraph (1) UUJN which weakens the confidentiality of Deeds and dissenters rights.

Understanding sexual and reproductive health needs of immigrant adolescents in Canada: A scoping review

Despite the large number of immigrant adolescents in Canada, research on their knowledge of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) and information needs is nearly nonexistent. A scoping review was undertaken following the PRISMA-ScR statement to identify and assess the existing literature regarding SRHR needs of immigrant adolescents in Canada. Of the 1514 articles retrieved from our search strategy, 15 studies met our inclusion criteria. The results from our review identifies three unique themes related to immigrant adolescents’ SRHR needs: knowledge needs, access to SRHR education and services, and approaches to SRHR education and services. Immigrant adolescents’ knowledge needs includes needs on HIV/STI transmission and protection, unintended pregnancy, sexual activity, family planning, pubertal education, navigating the health care system, and confidentiality legislations. Our results revealed that immigrant adolescents’ access SRHR education and services through both school-based and community-based settings. Lastly, approaches to SRHR education and services for immigrant adolescents should include cultural sensitivity, an intersectional approach, interactive learning, a strength-based approach, and reassuring confidentiality rights. The multi-faceted SRHR needs of immigrant adolescents in Canada demonstrates that future research, program development, and policymaking requires careful consideration of these intersecting forces. Inclusive SRHR education and services can be achieved through the employment of a critical cultural approach and intersectional strategies.

A Secure File Transfer over Virtual Machine Instances using Hybrid Encryption Technique

Cloud Computing is used to share data, services, and resources via a network but this system is vulnerable to cyber-attacks by an unauthorized person denying the user privacy and confidentiality. The exponential growth in Information technology especially in the field of Cloud Computing has seen a rise in security attacks such as Interruption, Interception, Modification, Fabrication making it absolutely necessary to enhance cloud security as well as network security. To tackle the menace of security threats is to make use of the various encryption techniques and to ensure secure transmission of the data to ensure the user of his rights of Privacy, Confidentiality, Integrity, Authentication, and access controls of data. This can be achieved by Cryptographic techniques. In the former implementation, a new virtual instance is created and embedded with all the requested resources and allocated to the user whereas in the later implementation the size of the allotted VM is being altered to account for the extra requested resource or to free the unused resource to increase efficiency. To achieve Secure file transfer between instances Hypervisor tool Virtual Box developed by Oracle Corporation is used. To interface with Hypervisor via Host CLI commands provided by the Virtual Box is used. Thus, developing a model that mimics the cloud environment on small scale using the laptop/desktop which enacts a cloud with a limited resource pool.

Treatment decision-making for older adults with cancer: A qualitative study.

Independent decision-making is one of the basic rights of patients. However, in clinical practice, most older cancer patients' treatment decisions are made by family members. This study attempted to analyze the treatment decision-making process and formation mechanism for older cancer patients within the special cultural context of Chinese medical practice. A qualitative study was conducted. With the sample saturation principle, data collected by in-depth interviews with 17 family members and 12 patients were subjected to thematic analysis. The study was approved by the ethics committees of Sun Yat-sen University. All participants provided verbal informed consent after being told their rights of confidentiality, anonymity, and voluntary participation. They had the right to refuse to answer questions and could withdraw at any time. Three themes emerged: (1) complex process; (2) transformation of family decision-making power; and (3) individual compromise. Family members inevitably had different opinions during the long process of treatment decision-making for older cancer patients. The direction of this process could be regarded as an extension of the family power relationship. The patient usually compromised the decision to survive, which was made by family members. This study describes the treatment decision-making process of older cancer patients in the context of Chinese culture. The reasons underlying this process are related to the views on life and death and family values. An individual is a part of the family, which is often seen as the minimal interpersonal unit in Chinese society. It is significant that while emphasizing patient autonomy in the decision-making process, health professionals should also pay attention to the important roles of culture and family.

A new approach to data access and research transparency (DART)

Recent debates on transparency and replicability suggest that JIBS needs to update its approach on data access and research transparency (DART). We propose a series of initiatives, knowing well that there is a balance to be struck. There are clear benefits on the one hand, chief among these the potential for learning and knowledge accumulation, and equally manifest challenges on the other: the imperative to respect privacy, confidentiality, and intellectual property rights. Without addressing these challenges, will there be the high-quality data on which the benefits depend? We present access and transparency objectives, and set out how an actionable and effective approach towards DART will be implemented, but also address ethical, legal, and organizational challenges of concern to us as a scholarly community.

Greece ∙ Flight 9525 Crash: Balance Between the Rights of Medical Confidentiality and the General Right of Public Safety under Greek Law

Greece ∙ Flight 9525 Crash: Balance Between the Rights of Medical Confidentiality and the General Right of Public Safety under Greek Law

The Teen Access and Quality Initiative: Improving Adolescent Reproductive Health Best Practices in Publicly Funded Health Centers.

Quality adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) services play an important role in supporting the overall health and well-being of adolescents. Improving access to this care can help reduce unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and their associated consequences, as well as promote health equity. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded three grantees to implement a clinic-based ASRH quality improvement initiative complimented by activities to strengthen systems to refer and link youth to ASRH services. The purpose of this study is to describe the initiative and baseline assessment results of ASRH best practice implementation in participating health centers. The assessment found common use of the following practices: STD/HIV screening, education on abstinence and the use of dual protection, and activities to increase accessibility (e.g., offering after-school hours and walk-in and same-day appointments). The following practices were used less frequently: provider training for Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) insertion and removal, LARC availability, same-day provision of all contraceptive methods, and consistent sharing of information about confidentiality and minors' rights with adolescent clients. This study describes the types of training and technical assistance being implemented at each health center and discusses implications for future programming.

Protection of Human Right for Pregnant Women in Implementing HIV/AIDS Screening for Prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission from mother to Child in Bantul District Health Center

HIV / AIDS is a health problem in the world which is constantly increasing, especially in women during pregnancy. The government has made efforts to prevent the spread of HIV / AIDS from mother to child where one of its components is to screen for pregnant women. Implementation of HIV / AIDS screening at Puskesmas Bantul District still focuses on increasing coverage of visit in Puskesmas, not yet paying attention to how the protection of human rights for pregnant women. The research method was sociological juridical, with descriptive analytical specification. Primary data were obtained from interviews with 4 midwifes, 4 persons in charge of the program, 4 heads of community health centers and 4 heads of health center and 1 person in Health Office’s Bantul District and 8 pregnant women as well as observation at four health centers in Bantul district. Secondary data were legal materials, official documents, books and research journals. Data analysis using qualitative was inductive. Implementation of HIV / AIDS screening for pregnant women is regulated in Minister of Health Regulation Number 97, 2017 and Minister of Health Regulation Number 51, 2013 about prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV / AIDS related to the protection of human rights for pregnant women. The protection of human rights for pregnant women in the implementation of HIV / AIDS screening at the Bantul District Health Center has not been fulfilled in terms the rights of information, the rights of consent, and the rights of confidentiality. Supporting factors include the availability of health facilities, supporting health resources, supporting facilities and infrastructures while inhibiting factors are health services, limited number of counselors, social support (husbands, health workers, community leaders), affordability, pregnant women working, knowledge, social factors, and the implementation of legislation.

Patient privacy: Awareness and attitudes of Iran University of Medical Sciences medical students.

Background: Respecting patients’ privacy is an essential professional responsibility for physicians and other health team members. In this regard, this study investigates medical students’ knowledge and attitude about confidentiality and disclosure of patients’ information. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 160 medical students of Iran University of Medical Sciences participated who were selected using stratified random sampling. Data were gathered using a valid and reliable self-report questionnaire. Student's knowledge and attitude toward medical confidentiality were assessed using self-administered and researcher-made questionnaires. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for knowledge and attitude levels were 79.7 and 82.2, respectively. Results: The average of medical students' responses to knowledge and attitude questions were 56.6% (9.6/ 17) and 55.3% (9.4 out of 17), respectively. On average, females had an acceptable attitude about 57.5% of the questions, whereas this was 50.9% for males. On average, females had an acceptable knowledge about 59.5% of the questions, whereas this was 50.6% for males. Therefore, female’s attitudes and knowledge were more correct than their male counterparts (p<0.001). Conclusion: The low level of knowledge and attitude of medical students towards medical confidentiality indicates that revision of Iranian medical education curriculum to reinforce attention and knowledge of medical students on this issue to render appropriate care to patients is a necessity. Medical students’ knowledge and attitude towards patient’s confidentiality rights is not fulfilling.

Confidential Care for Adolescents in the U.S. Health Care System.

In providing care for adolescents, maintaining confidentiality should be considered a human right and an evidence-based component of quality care. Unfortunately, complexities in the U.S. legal and health care systems have created a setting in which confidential care is inaccessible to many adolescent patients. Federal laws provide a minimum standard for confidentiality protections, but variations in state legislation relating to minor consent, special health care services, and confidentiality exemptions create large variability in adolescent confidentiality rights across the country. In certain contexts, such as consensual sexual activity, legal provisions may not align with professional ethical standards in adolescent care. In addition, contemporary clinical and administrative issues related to the electronic health record and health care financing also threaten to breach confidentiality. Although further research is necessary, providers and institutions are already well positioned to broaden protections by implementing best practices in training and education, workflow, and medical records related to adolescent confidentiality.

The new EU General Data Protection Regulation: what the radiologist should know

The European Society of Radiology (ESR) informs its membership and its associated Institutional Members about the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union (EU,) which will apply from 25 May 2018. Radiologists and radiology departments should be prepared to comply with several new rules for the protection of imaging data. Although the new GDPR applies to all domains of the public and private sectors, some specific derogations are defined for data concerning health, aiming at protecting the rights of data subjects and confidentiality of their personal health data, whilst preserving the benefits of processing data, including digital images for research and public health purposes. Specific new obligations which healthcare providers (including radiologists/radiology departments) should prepare for include data access for patients, rules for data processing including explicit consent of the data subject in the absence of derogations, or technical and organisational safeguards. National health authorities can define exceptions and derogations from certain obligations by means of national law. They will also define sanctions in the form of penalties or fines that may be applicable for organisations of the public and private sector that fail to comply with the rules of the GDPR.Main messages• Explicit consent prior to data processing will be necessary.• Explicit consent prior to communication of imaging data will be necessary.• Providing patient access to their personal data, including portability, will be required.• Certain derogations and exceptions exist for healthcare and research.• Additional specific rules may be defined by national law.

Normativa sobre la ficha clínica y la protección de datos de salud en Chile

Este trabajo intenta explicar los aspectos que dan forma al estado actual de la regulación sobre las fichas clínicas. La exposición ha sido dividida en tres partes. La primera trata la relación entre la ficha, derecho a la privacidad y protección de la información. La segunda parte reorganiza las normas legales, reglamentarias y técnicas y las presenta sobre los tópicos estimados como relevantes. Finalmente, la tercera contiene una breve exposición sobre ciertos atributos a considerar sobre la regulación, los cuales ilustran el modo de comprender los conflictos que subyacen o que pudieran suscitarse entre la confidencialidad y otros derechos o intereses.

Banco de Dados, Conhecimento e Redes Científicas: A Visibilidade na Sociedade da Informação

The present study aims to analyze the protection provided personal data, voluntarely given by people and collected in files without their consent, an affront to their confidentiality, confidentiality and privacy rights, affecting the right of personality, also fail to materialize the right to privacy in the Information Society. The Information Society, backed the rule of knowledge, creation, circulation and encumbrance information, is embodied in the current form of promotion of personal interrelationships, and the targeting of economic, political, legal and social, causing significant changes in daily life. Indeed, in the information society, the person is primarily represented by information, therefore known for data, numbers, shopping routines and spending, in the form of text, images, sounds and recorded data. This new perception of the individual, as an informational being, shall claim the protection of privacy, especially because it is a fundamental right of first magnitude, recognized as personality right, unavailability of characters, intransferable, inalienable and imprescriptible. The research was mainly based literature, using the national and international doctrine pondering the various branches of legal science, beyond the historical perspective - key to better understanding the complexity in the contemporary context.

The Intersection of Freedom of Information, Privacy Legislation and Library Services in Canadian Jurisdictions

AbstractThe intersection of freedom of information, privacy legislation and library services may be interpreted as the relation between two bodies (law and library) and how they influence one another directly and indirectly. This means library services can be shaped enormously by both federal and provincial freedom of information and privacy laws. We notice that there are cases in various Canadian courts involving disagreements concerning the rule of law in the fields of freedom of information and privacy with libraries. The combined effects of legislation and stronger library policies may make it more challenging for users to understand how to use shared library resources and services properly. For many libraries, this means operational policies and professional ethics codes have to be revised to strictly respect the users and employees’ confidentiality rights. The research method used for this paper included a search of relevant Canadian court cases as case studies.