Confidentiality Of Personal Data Research Articles

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Data Pribadi Warga Negara Indonesia Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022

Personal data is private and must be protected. The number of personal data leakage cases in Indonesia has a detrimental impact on society. The lack of comprehensive legislation has led to a lack of legal protection for data leakage cases. As a result of the many personal data leaks, the government passed the Personal Data Protection Law Number 27 of 2022. The purpose of this research is to find out the legal umbrella that protects personal data including understanding more about the legal policies regulated in Law Number 27 of 2022. This research will discuss the formulation of problems including how is the regulation of personal data protection based on Law Number 27 of 2022 and how is the legal protection of the dissemination of confidential personal data of Indonesian citizens. The method used is normative with a statutory approach. The findings reveal that legal protection against personal data leaks is already comprehensive in Law Number 27 of 2022, preventive efforts to protect personal data do not share data from the community and society also avoid illegal platforms that occur in cybercrime. While the government will conduct a compliance test for Repressive Protection Efforts in the event of a personal data leak, the sanctions contained in the Personal Data Protection Law are Criminal Provisions Articles 67, 68 and 70 which already contain fines and imprisonment.

Текущее состояние и перспективы развития цифровых технологий в кассационном производстве по уголовным делам

Based on the analysis of the current level of digitalization development in our country, digital technologies used in criminal cassation proceedings in Russia are being investigated. The current use of technologies such as automated information systems and video conferencing in the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is highlighted, as well as prospects for further development, including the use of artificial intelligence and blockchain. Both the positive aspects and potential risks of digitalization are discussed, including issues of security, privacy and changing the role of judges. Attention is focused on the potential of these technologies to improve the accessibility and quality of criminal justice in the courts of cassation. The author emphasizes that digitalization has the capability to streamline procedural processes in criminal cassation, significantly reduce case review times, and alleviate administrative burdens on judicial bodies. Attention is also paid to the need for an integrated approach in the development and implementation of advanced information systems that should ensure the safety and confidentiality of personal data in accordance with the principles of legal protection. Improving the quality of justice through digital innovation involves a synergy of efforts between the public sector, private business and academia. The author considers the strategic need to inform the public about new digital technologies so that citizens can actively use the opportunities provided, which contributes to improving the quality of cassation proceedings in criminal cases and increases their fairness. The article is an important contribution to the discussion on the prospects for the development of digital technologies in criminal cassation proceedings in Russia and offers a reasoned analysis of both the opportunities and challenges associated with these prospects.

The role of International Organizations in the issue of personal data protection

The article explores the role of international organizations in protecting personal data in the context of the modern digital world. Key aspects of international cooperation in this area are considered, including the establishment of common norms and standards for data protection, coordination of efforts to combat global cybersecurity threats, and creation of mechanisms to respond to cross-border data leaks. The challenges associated with harmonizing different legal frameworks and cultural differences are discussed, as well as the role of international organizations in promoting dialogue and mutual understanding between countries and cultures. The article also highlights the principle of independence of international organizations and their importance in ensuring fair and effective solutions to global data protection issues. This general overview emphasizes the importance of cooperation and coordinated actions at the international level to ensure the security and confidentiality of personal data on a global scale.

Drivers of loyalty and consumer satisfaction with shearing urban mobility services: Carsharing, ridesharing, bikesharing, and kicksharing

Aim. To identify drivers of loyalty and consumer satisfaction with urban mobility shearing services.Objectives. To determine the characteristics of the use of shearing services; to formulate issues for shearing services that require priority attention; to identify drivers of loyalty and barriers to the use of shearing services, as well as drivers of user satisfaction with shearing services; to formulate recommendations for the development of the quality of shearing services.Methods. The authors applied the method of sociological survey (with participation of 615 respondents who use urban mobility sharing services at least once a year). The NPS index was used to identify drivers of loyalty, CSI index was used to detect drivers of customer satisfaction. The study was conducted in the context of such sharing services as carsharing, ridesharing, bikesharing and kicksharing, taking into account the relevant specific determinants of the quality of sharing services. The results were processed using general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis of information. Results. Users are loyal to carsharing, bikesharing and kicksharing, but not loyal to ridesharing. However, they are satisfied with ridesharing services in all four segments. The main drivers of loyalty were the convenience of using the services as an alternative to public transportation and the relative cheapness of the service. Respondents consider safety issues to be the main barrier. To a greater extent, consumers are satisfied with the technical side of the use of sharing services (we are talking about the convenience of the mobile application, confidentiality of personal data, technical condition of the car). Consumers are less satisfied with the speed of registration, loyalty programs, and the cost of insurance.Conclusions. Due to the fact that users are not loyal to ridesharing, operators of these services should primarily pay attention to safety during the trip, social capital of drivers (rating system), as well as the variety and number of available routes. In general, the area of growth of competitiveness of the shearing services on transport can be traced in the improvement of product metrics of web and mobile versions of applications, development of loyalty programs and pricing of insurance products

ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ БЛОКЧЕЙН-ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У СИСТЕМУ УПРАВЛІННЯ КАДРОВИМ ПОТЕНЦІАЛОМ МЕДИЧНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ

The article is devoted to the topical issue of applying blockchain technologies in managing the personnel potential of medical institutions. The authors emphasize the importance of using secure technologies that will prevent hacking communities from accessing confidential personal data, especially in the medical field, where comprehensive information about most citizens is concentrated.
 Despite the significant advantages of blockchain, this technology has been sporadically implemented in Ukraine, particularly in the medical sphere. Most scientific works focus on the advantages and disadvantages of using blockchain in other industries, while its applications in managing the personnel potential of medical institutions are insufficiently covered.
 The aim of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of using blockchain technology in the personnel management system of medical institutions. The article identifies several areas of blockchain application in personnel management of medical facilities: forming a database of patients assigned to specific medical professionals, creating databases of medical achievements, systematizing information about advanced medical practices, managing databases on the professional development of medical staff, optimizing internal communication systems, and improving decision-making algorithms. The advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and threats of using blockchain in this area are discussed in detail. The risks of implementing the technology in wartime conditions are analyzed separately.
 The introduction of blockchain in managing the personnel potential of medical institutions is a promising direction, which will contribute to the consolidation of data on the professional career development of medical staff, optimization of internal communication systems, improvement of managerial decision-making, and more. The further prospect of using this technology requires the development of effective algorithms for its implementation, taking into account possible risks and challenges.

Data Privacy Protection in Islamic Communication Perspective

Technology development brings many conveniences, but on the other hand, it also provides challenges, such as data security. The phenomenon of hacking personal data that ends in fraud and other crimes seems to be evidence. Technology in the era of society 5.0 was rising to facilitate human work, but it is used to misuse big data from the individual level. Social media provides opportunities for open privacy by revealing confidential personal data. In addition to requiring self-control, it also requires security and data protection. This research aims to analyze the phenomenon of data theft in the context of Islamic communication with solutions obtained from the perspective of the Qur'an. The method utilized is qualitative research through literature study using a constructivist paradigm. The results of this study revealed that internal and external factors caused data theft. The ability to filter information and information literacy in the digital space, maintain ethics in the media space, integrate roles between government and society, and protect digital communication from the perspective of the Qur'an have a positive effect on information preservation in the digital realm. In addition, continuous integration between the government and the community is also needed to overcome the rife data theft problem.

Confidentiality of Personal Data in the Situation of Cyber Threats

Confidentiality of Personal Data in the Situation of Cyber Threats

Confidentiality of Personal Data in Case of Cyberthreats

Despite the presence of the current legal regulation of personal data and their circulation on the Internet, Russia has recently become one of the leaders in personal data leaks. It turns out that the right to confidentiality and the right to protection of personal data are not implemented in the digital environment due to the susceptibility to cyberattacks and the lack of appropriate measures and guarantees in this field. The Russian legislator establishes the obligations of the operator of personal data, including the obligation of the operator to notify the authorized body of the leakage of personal data, as well as administrative, criminal and civil liability for their disclosure. However, there are no effective mechanisms that would prevent leaks and other disclosure of personal data in a preventive manner and would allow full compensation for the damage caused to individuals. The legal doctrine proposes to strengthen the penalties for violations in the field of personal data and specify the possibility of compensation for moral damage to a person who has suffered from a leak. The author’s approach is to provide for the need to check the operator’s activities for violations that led to the leakage of personal data (post-control), as well as to introduce a compliance system that allows preventive prevention of leakages and other violations in the field of personal data (a priori control), and train employees to minimize the risks of disclosure and other illegal use of personal data.

Social and ethical component of genetic technologies

The technologies of genome editing and synthetic biology are becoming more and more accessible today and, in combination with the application of artificial intelligence in biotechnology, especially powerful. A feature of today’s stage is the rapidly changing landscape of engineering biological systems, which requires revision and updating of the biosafety framework. The proposed new oversight measures are as follows: а) screening for DNA synthesis orders and sequences of concern; b) environmental metagenome sequencing to search for synthetic organisms [1]. At the same time, DNA ‘printers’ are appeared on the market today, that blurs the boundaries of access to synthetic DNA. It is significant that no government currently requires screening or regulates it, and this system works on a benevolent basis. Additionally environmental surveillance requires for a long time to define base line. With the new scale of human activity, new social risks also arise: new forms of discrimination and inequality, confidentiality of personal data in biotechnology projects, multiplication of biotechnology and artificial intelligence risks.
 Thus, the idea of “responsible researches and innovation” (RRI) [2], and trend to address safety early at the concept stage — “Safe by design” have come into the focus. A number of RRI principles can be formulated at the proof concept stage for a genome- edited project: benefits for most citizens; transparency, the public comment cycle prior to the start of the experiments; responsibility, precautions, liability; justice, redress; well-being, social good.

Правовые проблемы использования виртуального пространства метавселенной в образовательном процессе вуза

Introduction. On the one hand, traditional forms, methods and means of teaching are used in the educational process of a university, on the other hand, education cannot be static, it must meet modern requirements and challenges. Artificial intelligence technologies are rapidly developing in society, and their introduction into education will provide students with a modern, high-quality education. The Russian higher education system needs digital transformation; it requires the introduction of the latest learning technologies into the educational process to ensure competitiveness in the global education market. Theoretical analysis. To qualitatively improve the learning process at a university and train highly qualified personnel, it is necessary to use the latest teaching technologies, such as augmented and virtual reality. Virtual reality technologies in the form of virtual campuses and laboratories make it possible to organize the learning process in a highly motivated way for students, to achieve the effect of complete immersion in the processes and phenomena being studied. Currently, there is positive experience in using virtual space as an interactive teaching method when modeling practice-oriented cases. Еmpirical analysis. It was revealed that the problems of using the virtual space of the metaverse in the process of university education lie in the legal field. Legal problems of the metaverse include problems of cybersecurity, confidentiality of personal data, problems with automated data collection systems Big Data and others. One of the main problems is that of information security, the solution to which is the development of domestic software, local standards in the field of using virtual space technologies as part of the educational process of the university. Results. The author has proven the need to improve the current legislation of higher education in accordance with the specifics of the use of the virtual space of the metaverse by the educational process of the university; to develop local regulatory legal acts regulating the specifics of using metaverses when training a specific specialist.

Drivers and barriers to achieve a circular economy of small-IT: Case study from the city of Porto.

Advances in digital electronics delivered small and portable gadgets, changing human interface with technology. Demand for new small devices of Information and Telecommunication Technology (small-IT) that have a short lifespan, like smartphones and laptops, creates flows and accumulation of electronic resources. These include precious metals that show potential for Urban Mining and Circular Economy. To find out the extent of setting up an improved recycling, reuse and repair system, data collection was conducted through surveys, bin observations and social experiments. These methods enabled us to analyse stocks and flows, identify behavioural practices and map collection infrastructure. About 80% of domestic small-IT stocks are hibernated, meaning they could be directly reused or easily repaired. Results show four barriers that keep citizens from handing in their unused small-IT: Devices are kept as back-up, they contain sentimental value, citizens are suspicious of post-collection data confidentiality issues and there is a perceived high effort to recycle. Drivers to enhance circularity are: improving e-waste infrastructure, introducing economic incentives and raising awareness on environmental impacts of hibernated stocks. A more trustworthy and legitimate management system is expected to deliver safety and confidentiality of personal data and provide the quality that fits the expectations of citizens of a proper place to dispose of their valuable items.

A Review on Child Safety Monitoring System Based on IOT

An innovative solution created to solve the safety issues involving children is the Child Safety Monitoring System based on IoT. This system allows real-time monitoring and tracking of kids, assuring their safety in varied surroundings by utilizing the Internet of Things' capability. Parents or other adults who are responsible for children may continually monitor their whereabouts, activities, and vital signs by integrating IoT-enabled sensors and gadgets. The technology uses geo fencing to create secure zones and borders, immediately alerting carers if a youngster leaves these marked bounds. The system makes use of data analytics to offer insightful information on a child's routine, behavior, and general health. By detecting possible dangers and enhancing safety procedures with the use of this information, proactive steps may be performed. In. The technology immediately warns parents or guardians in case of emergency, allowing for quick response and intervention. The system also makes it easier for parents, carers, and educational institutions to collaborate and communicate with one another, ensuring that child safety is taken seriously. The IoT-based kid Safety Monitoring System provides improved parental control, customization, and customization to cater to the unique demands of every family or kid. Even when parents are physically apart from their child, it offers remote surveillance and peace of mind. The system prioritizes privacy and data security, is scalable, adaptive, and ensures the accuracy and confidentiality of personal data.

Electrically function-switchable magnetic domain-wall memory.

Versatile memory is strongly desired for end users, to protect their information in the information era. In particular, bit-level switchable memory that can be switched from rewritable to read-only function would allow end users to prevent important data being tampered with. However, no such switchable memory has been reported. We demonstrate that the rewritable function can be converted into read-only function by applying a sufficiently large current pulse in a U-shaped domain-wall memory, which comprises an asymmetric Pt/Co/Ru/AlOx heterostructure with strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Wafer-scale switchable magnetic domain-wall memory arrays on 4-inch Si/SiO2 substrate are demonstrated. Furthermore, we confirm that the information can be stored in rewritable or read-only states at bit level according to the security needs of end users. Our work not only provides a solution for personal confidential data, but also paves the way for developing multifunctional spintronic devices.

Cyber Crime in the Era Industrial 4.0: Analisis OTP Fraud dalam Perspektif Hadis

This research was conducted because still many do not know the form of cases of OTP Fraud. The problem of this research in the cases of OTP Fraud in the view of hadith. Results and discussions this research shows the presence of a certain hadith the ban practicing fraud acts includes otp fraud. This research Concluding that otp fraud constitutes an act of criminality by cheating its target into pretending to be the society's staff in order to convince the target to give out otp codes, it is forbidden in the Qur'an and the hadith and it is recommended for tabayyun when receiving information. The research recommends to the user of technology to be careful and not to give indiscriminate codes that contain confidential personal data to others.

Online Privacy and Digital Submissiveness: A Study of the Internet Audience

The technological nature of the Internet predetermines the transparency of many practices of online behaviour and actualises the issue of privacy in the online environment. The article presents the results of an analysis of attitudes towards online privacy in Russian society. The empirical basis is provided by the data of the study conducted in Moscow in 2021. It is shown that the practice of the Russian Internet audience widely includes actions related to leaving personal data online. The majority of respondents (84%) share the view that access to their personal data, their processing and use should be based on the consent of users. Such attitudes are combined with low awareness of the essence of the personal data use, and of the experience of their illegitimate use by third parties. Apparently, these circumstances were the reason that more than 60% of respondents indicated their concerns about security issues in the field of online privacy. Privacy in the digital environment is influenced by the technological evolution of media, on the one hand, and political, economic and sociocultural factors of their use, on the other hand. In this regard, on the Russian empirical basis, the theoretical and applied concepts of the paradox of digital privacy and digital obedience, known in the world literature, were verified. A contradiction is revealed between the widespread concern about the confidentiality of personal data and low efforts to ensure their protection. In the group concerned about the security of personal data, 30% of users did not take any steps in this direction in their real online behaviour. As part of the study, manifestations of the phenomenon of digital obedience, associated with the installation of the “inevitability” of accepting the new coordinates of privacy that the Internet world brings with it, were recorded. The lack of action to protect personal data (with a general concern about this issue) is associated with a lack of confidence in the protection of online privacy. Overall, 40% of respondents across the array agreed that “it’s too late to protect person al data, all information about me is already on the Internet.” With the help of regression analysis, indicators were identified that correlate with such assessments. The results of the work can be used in the development of optimal solutions to ensure the security of personal data - an area where the interests of the individual, society, business, and the state collide today.

Design, development and validation of Food Frequency Questionnaires for the diabetic population: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionThe Food Frequency Questionnaire is one of the most widely used tools for estimating nutritional intake in epidemiological studies. No study has been systematically performed to comprehensively explore Food Frequency...

Barriers and facilitators to generating synthetic administrative data for research.

ObjectivesGeneration of synthetic data could improve the efficiency of administrative data analysis. We describe barriers and facilitators to synthetic administrative data in the UK based on our experience of generating, assessing, and evaluating the performance of different approaches. We aim to provide guidance on the appropriate uses of synthetic administrative data. ApproachWe generated synthetic versions of one large-population survey (Natsal-3) and two administrative datasets (Hospital Episode Statistics [HES] and National Pupil Database [NPD]). A range of methods were used based on the statistical techniques of sampling and prediction. We implemented non-parametric (e.g., Classification and Regression Tree) and parametric (e.g., generalised linear models) methods, and multiple imputation and Bayesian networks in R software. We attempted to generate low- and high-fidelity datasets and assessed utility by visualising marginal distributions of key variables, estimating the standardised propensity mean square error, and deriving standardised coefficient differences of model estimates and overlap of confidence intervals. ResultsResults from our analysis highlighted some facilitators related to low-fidelity synthetic data that are quicker to generate, can retain the data types, format, and privacy and could be used to support training and code development. Conversely, some of the barriers included computational issues when generating high-fidelity synthetic data from complex data structures. High-fidelity data are achievable but only in the context of a specific research question and a limited number of variables. Results from the Natsal-3 data showed that parametric methods produced slightly better data utility compared to non-parametric methods. Results for HES and NPD will also be presented. ConclusionsLow-fidelity synthetic data can provide a useful resource to support users of administrative data, whilst minimising data access timelines and while retaining privacy and confidentiality of personal data. High-utility datasets can be generated but take considerable resources, and current approaches cannot fully handle the complexity of longitudinal administrative data.

GRAIMatter: Guidelines and Resources for AI Model Access from TrusTEd Research environments (GRAIMatter).

ObjectivesTo assess a range of tools and methods to support Trusted Research Environments (TREs) to assess output from AI methods for potentially identifiable information, investigate the legal and ethical implications and controls, and produce a set of guidelines and recommendations to support all TREs with export controls of AI algorithms. ApproachTREs provide secure facilities to analyse confidential personal data, with staff checking outputs for disclosure risk before publication. Artificial intelligence (AI) has high potential to improve the linking and analysis of population data, and TREs are well suited to supporting AI modelling. However, TRE governance focuses on classical statistical data analysis. The size and complexity of AI models presents significant challenges for the disclosure-checking process. Models may be susceptible to external hacking: complicated methods to reverse engineer the learning process to find out about the data used for training, with more potential to lead to re-identification than conventional statistical methods. ResultsGRAIMatter is: Quantitatively assessing the risk of disclosure from different AI models exploring different models, hyper-parameter settings and training algorithms over common data types Evaluating a range of tools to determine effectiveness for disclosure control Assessing the legal and ethical implications of TREs supporting AI development and identifying aspects of existing legal and regulatory frameworks requiring reform. Running 4 PPIE workshops to understand their priorities and beliefs around safeguarding and securing data Developing a set of recommendations including suggested open-source toolsets for TREs to use to measure and reduce disclosure risk descriptions of the technical and legal controls and policies TREs should implement across the 5 Safes to support AI algorithm disclosure control training implications for both TRE staff and how they validate researchers ConclusionGRAIMatter is developing a set of usable recommendations for TREs to use to guard against the additional risks when disclosing trained AI models from TREs.

Kazakhstan in the age of digital technologies: Between digitalization of the sphere of public security and control of personal data

The policy of a number of countries that have embarked on the path of legalized mobile phone tracking to ensure compliance with quarantine restrictions on people infected with COVID-19 has generated heated discussions in the scientific community about the threats posed by modern digital technologies. The excessive use of digital technologies has led not only to the strengthening of the powers of the State in public life, but also threatened the privacy and confidentiality of personal data. However, the beginning of these extraordinary powers of the State was laid back in 2001, when the global war on terrorism unfolded. It is from this moment that the beginning of the process of the decline of the rule of law, which led to the restriction of the personal space of citizens, should be dated. Today, the governments of a number of countries are seen to be inclined to use anti-terrorist measures to visualize a virtual threat as an internal threat, which often serves as an excuse to strengthen the system of control over their own citizens. While in the United States, the member states of the European Union, Russia and a number of other countries, this policy is now mainly used to justify the violation of the confidentiality of personal data, in China this policy has intensified so much that it has actually led to the surveillance and persecution of political dissent and discrimination against Muslim ethnic minorities. In fact, China has launched an invasive system of internal surveillance of its own citizens, which causes serious concern to the world community and human rights organizations, who rightly fear a violation of the balance of interests between state control of citizens and the security of personal data. The strengthening of state control over citizens has recently been more and more clearly observed in Kazakhstan. The public of the country is concerned about the facts of violation of the confidentiality of personal information and privacy. Keywords: Kazakhstan, Russia, China, digital technologies, Internet space, telecommunications industry, control over citizens, privacy, confidentiality of personal data.

Digital technologies of social control: prospects and social consequences of their implementation

Introduction of digital technologies in all spheres of life is a factor that radically change the social interactions and mechanisms of social control. This rising trend, that turn the various digital technologies into main form of realization of “the social” is complex and contradictory. We are confronted more and more with multiplicity of social control with simultaneous unification of its procedures, determined by digital technologies. The functions of social control are transferred from human actors to machines and algorithms. The social control is automated. Under the cover of objectivity and neutrality such automatization contains political, economical and ideological imperatives. The machine has human core, yet difficult to discern. Implementation of algorithmic forms of governance, based on Big Data, significantly increases the scope of population monitoring and shifts the “power logic” to control and construction of opinions, creation of the demands, mobilizing action in accordance with the prescribed standards of conduct. COVID-19 Pandemic enhanced the activities of national States to take advantage of digital control over the population. In fact, during few months of quarantine measures in most countries unprecedented in its global reach and universal in their technical solutions instruments of control over the population have been deployed. In doing so the digital social control generates very specific forms of social asymmetry. There remains an open question: who has access to information, generated by the machines of control. For the development of modern smart cities and digitalization of social practices relevant and correct data are needed. Сompromise between citizens’ rights to privacy and rapid development of new smart technologies is inevitable. Personal data collected not only by the State but also by private corporations, especially by owners of digital platforms. Rights to obtain and use data need to be regulated and rules set for their commercial application. COVID-19 Pandemic, accelerating implementation of digital social control, reduced “public sensitivity” to violation of private borders for the sake of security. The need for a rapid response to COVID-19 changes the rules of the game as to how сitizens, organizations and authorities in different countries deal with personal data and actualizes the question, where the balance lies between confidentiality of personal data and public health and/or security.